Jer iygerushiler men kóshpendiler
Ejelgi Qazaqstan. Shamamen1400-shi jylgha deyingi kezen
Ár últtyng óz qajettilikterine qol jetkizu әdisteri últtyng bolashaqtaghy jaghdayy men ornyn anyqtaydy.
Shamamen 1400-shi jylgha deyin kóshpeli órkeniyetter, jer óndeushilermen salystarghanda kólemi jaghynan ýlken memleketterdi qúra bildi. Basqa elderge jii shabuyldar jasady.
Kóshpendiler otyryqshy elderding territoriyalaryn basyp alyp, baghyndyra bildi. Al, otyryqshy elder kóshpeli elding jerin úzaq uaqyt ústay almady jәne basyp ala almady.
Nelikten kóshpendiler jana aimaqtardy basyp alu túrghysynan qaraghanda útymdyraq boldy? Ne sebepti belgili bir uaqyt aghymynan son, otyryqshylar otyrghan ekonomikalyq túghyrnamasy tiyimdirek bola bastady? Jauap qúpiyasy, sharuashylyq әdisinde saqtauly.
1. Kóshpendilermen otyryqshy elderding sharuashylyq әdisterindegi negizgi aiyrmashylyqtar.
1.1. Jer óndeu men malsharuashylyghyndaghy er azamat kýshining orny.
Ejelgi Qazaqstan. Shamamen1400-shi jylgha deyingi kezen
Ár últtyng óz qajettilikterine qol jetkizu әdisteri últtyng bolashaqtaghy jaghdayy men ornyn anyqtaydy.
Shamamen 1400-shi jylgha deyin kóshpeli órkeniyetter, jer óndeushilermen salystarghanda kólemi jaghynan ýlken memleketterdi qúra bildi. Basqa elderge jii shabuyldar jasady.
Kóshpendiler otyryqshy elderding territoriyalaryn basyp alyp, baghyndyra bildi. Al, otyryqshy elder kóshpeli elding jerin úzaq uaqyt ústay almady jәne basyp ala almady.
Nelikten kóshpendiler jana aimaqtardy basyp alu túrghysynan qaraghanda útymdyraq boldy? Ne sebepti belgili bir uaqyt aghymynan son, otyryqshylar otyrghan ekonomikalyq túghyrnamasy tiyimdirek bola bastady? Jauap qúpiyasy, sharuashylyq әdisinde saqtauly.
1. Kóshpendilermen otyryqshy elderding sharuashylyq әdisterindegi negizgi aiyrmashylyqtar.
1.1. Jer óndeu men malsharuashylyghyndaghy er azamat kýshining orny.
Kóshpelilerdin basty qorek kózi olardyng otarlarynan alynghan et pen ózge azyq-týlik boldy. Jylqylar men qoylardy ósip óndiru ýshin qanshama er azamat kýshi qajet? Búl júmystyn basym bóligimen kәmeletke tolmaghan balalar nemese soghysqa layyq jas mólsherinen shyqqan qart er adamdar nemese әiel shúghyldana alady. Yaghni, kóshpeli memleketterding er azamattarynyng basym bóligi soghysqa shaqyrylsa, qalghan әielder, balalar men qariyalar azyqtyn basty kózi-maldy esh qiyndyqsyz bagha alady. Nәtiyjesinde, er azamattardyng basym bóligining soghysqa attanuy, kóshpeli sharuashylyqtyng tómendeui men últtyng ashtan qyryluyna әkelip soqtyrmaydy.
Otyryqshylardyng jaghdayy mýldem ózgeshe. Sol uaqyttaghy jer óndeu tehnologiyasynyng damuymen mynanday jaghday qalyptasty. Azyqtyng basty kózi - jerdegi enbekten óndirilgen ónimder boldy. Sharualar tamaq kólemin jeke qoldanysqa jetkilikti etip jәne odan kishkene kóbirek óndirdi. Azyqtyng artyq bóligi qaladaghy qajet tauarlargha aiyrbastalyp, әskerdi qosa eseptegendegi memleketti qarjylandyrugha qajetti salyq tóleuge júmsaldy. Sәikesinshe, eger otyryqshy halyqtyng sharualarynyng basym bóligi әskerge shaqyrylsa, onda qalghan sharualar halyqqa qajet azyq kólemin layyqty mólsherde óndire almaghandyqtan halyq asharshylyqqa dushar boldy.
Shyghyndalghan er azamat kýshin әiel kýshimen auystyrugha bola ma?
Kóp jaghdaylarda búl aiyrbas, eger ol mýmkin bolghan jaghdayda ónim kólemining tómendeuine әkeledi. Áyel adam jerdi qajetti terendikte qazugha mýmkindigi bolmaydy, al sol ónimdi jinaghan kýnde әiel jinaghan ónimning ýles salmaghy er azamat jinanghannan anaghúrlym az bolady.
Mysalmen aiqyndayyq. Qoghamda 100 adam ómir sýredi, osy qoghamda bar tehnologiyalar jer sharuashylyghynan 1,2 ónim alugha mýmkindik beredi. 1 ónim - bir adamgha bir jyl kóleminde jetetin ortasha azyq kólemi. Tuyndaytyn súraq osy qogham ashtyqty sezinbeui ýshin qansha adamdy azyq óndirisinde ústau qajet? Eseptep kóreyik. Jauap 100/1,2 -ge 83 adam bolady. Al qalghan 17-i adam óndiriste, ghylymda, memleketik júmysta, yaghny azyq-týlik óndirmeytin salalarda, tek qana tútynatyn salalarda júmys isteui mýmkin.
Kóshpeliler qoghamynda 100 adam túrady, onyng 12-si ghana maldarynan alatyn azyq kólemin qamtamasyz etedi.
Endi kóshpeli memlekette 1 000 adam túrady, al otyryqshy qoghamda 5000 adam túrady dep elesteteyik. Onda kóshpeli memleket 1 000 * 88 (100 -12) 880 adam әskerge jibere alady, al otyryqshy qogham 5000 * 17 (100-83) 850 adam әskerge jibere alady. Yaghni, halyq sany 5 ese arttyq bolsa da, otyryqshylar әskeri az boldy.
1.2. Negizgi mal.
Óndiris әdisi boyynsha, jer óndeu jýk tartushy búqalardy nemese myqty túlparlardy qajet etedi. Ol januarlar ýlken jyldamdyqpen jýre almaydy jәne erekshe qorektendirudi qajet etedi, oghan tek bir týrli jemmen ghana qorektenu óte qiyn.
Sharuashylyqtyng kóshpeli әdisi ózge maldy qajet etedi. Alys jerlerge baru ýshin olargha jyldam әri tózimdi mal kerek. Óitkeni, kóshpeli sharuashylyq úzaq jәne ýnemi bolatyn kóshudi josparlaydy.
Sәikesinshe, sharuashylyq әdisi kóshpelilerge otyryqshylargha qaraghanda tez qozghalatyn әskerdi iyelenuge mýmkindik berdi. Sebebi, soghysta әskerding tez qozghaluy әrqashan manyzdy mәnge iye, búl kóshpelilerge otyryqshylarmen qaqtyghysqanda taghy bir artyqshylyq berdi.
1.3. Aumaqty saqtap qalu mýmkindigi
Otyryqshylargha әsker ýshin azyq-týlikti tasymaldau kerek nemese jaulap alynghan aumaqtarda nan ósiru qajet. Kóshpelilerde otar maldy әskerge jaqynyraq әkelu ghana.
Otyryqshylar kóshpelilerding jana aumaqtaryn jaulap jәne saqtap qalu ýshin, búl aumaqtarda jer sharaushylyghyn qúru (jer jaramdy bolsa) nemese aumaqty ústap túratyn garnizongha tamaq әkeludi úiymdastyru kerek edi. Al kóshpenlilerge otyryqshylardyn aumaqtaryn ústap qalu ýshin ózderining otar maldaryn әskerge jaqyn etip әkelse boldy. Aumaqty jaulap alu men ústap qaludaghy búl aiyrmashylyq otyryqshylardyng ekonomikalyq negizine qosymsha auyrtpalyq salyp otyrdy.
1.4. Jer iyeleri men malshylardyng әskery dayyndyghy
Kóshpelilerding sharuashylyq әdisi olardyng er azamattaryna әskery dayyndyqqa kóbirek bos uaqyt berdi. Sondyqtan kóshpelilerding әskerge dayyndyghy otyryqshylargha qaraghanda ozyq ýlgide boldy.
Kóshpeli memleketterding otyryqshylargha qaraghanda artyqshylyqtarynyng negizgi sebepteri osynda.
Qazaqstan shamamen 1400 jyldan Reseyge baghynghangha deyin.
Osydan song belgili bir ózgerister bolyp, kóshpeli memleketter otyryqshylar men qaqtyghysynda olardy jenuge degen teoriyalyq mýmkindiginen aiyryldy. Kóshpeli memleketter ózderining ómir sýruin qashan toqtatyp, ózdiginen nemese jaulanyp alynghannan keyin otyryqshy memleketterge ainalady degen kezendik súraq payda boldy.
Kóshpelilerdin otyryqshylar aldyndaghy mynjyldyq әskery artyqshylyghynan aiyrghan búl qanday ózgeris bolghan? Búl ózgerister tehnologiyalar dep atalady. Anyghyraq aitqanda tehnologiyalyq sekiris.
Otyryqshylardyng qalalarynda jinaqtalghan, úryqtanghan óndiris adam enbegining barlyq belgili qúraldaryn jetildirudi toqtatpady. Olardyng óndirisi jer tehnologiyalary men qúraldardy jetildirilgen kezeng de jetti, bir sharua kóbirek azyq óndiruge mýmkindik aldy, jәne olar atys qaruyn oilap tapty. Dәl osy kezennen bastap kóshpeli týrding jenilu súraghy jәne onyng otyryqshylyqpen aiyrbastaluy tek uaqyt enshisinde boldy.
Kóshpeliler әlemining elitasy arasynda birlik pen qajetti týpki ózgeristerdi yaghny otyryqshylyqqa syrtqy aralasu arqyly emes, últ kýshimen kóshiretin, qabiletti kóshbasshy bolmady. Sondyqtan kóshpeli memleketter, otyryqshylarmen jaulanyp alynuy erte me, kesh pe bolar edi. Sóitip tehnologiyalyq damyghan otyryqshy memleketter kóshpeli memleketterding aumaghyn ózderine kýshpen qaratyp aldy. Sol sebepten de Qazaqstan Irangha emes, Reseyge tәueldi bolyp qaldy.
Qazaqstan Reseyge baghynyshty bolu kezeninen bastap kóshpeli sharuashylyq saltynan otyryqshy sharuashylyqqa ótu kezeni. Shamamen 1933 j.
Kóshpeli ómir saltynyng basym mólsherde saqtaluy óndiris pen ol óndiristing qoghamdyq ómirmen baylanysty salalarynda últqa kerekti bilim aluyn mýmkin qylmady.
Qazaqstan 1933 jyldan bastap 1953 jylgha deyin.
Kóshpeli sharuashylyqtyng kýshpen otyryqshylyqqa ótui kelesidey týsindiriledi. Otyryqshynyng óndiru qyzmeti kóshpelige qaraghanda kóbirek, basqa sózben aitqanda qoghamgha paydaly tauardy otyryqshy júmysshy kóbirek óndiredi. Sondyqtan KSRO ýkimeti kóshpeli halyqtardy kýshpen otyryqshylyqqa kóshiru turaly sheshim qabyldaydy. Sosyn olardy kenestik óndiristi shiykizatpen qamtamasyz etu men eksportqa shygharylatyn nandy ósiruge paydalandy. Últtyng basym bóligi jer sharuashylyghy jayly bilim aldy. Olar otyryqshy auyl sharuashylyghynyng ónimderin qalay ósiru men qalay óndeudi, qalay saqtaudy ýirendi. Últ búryn ózinde bolmaghan bilim qoryn alady. Qazaqtardyng kelesi úrpaqtary jer sharuashylyghynyng ónimderin óndeu sheberligin tolyq qabyldap, olardyng jerdegi júmys tiyimdiligi otyryqshy últtardyng júmys tiyimdiliginen kem týspedi. Óndiris salasynda kóp bilimi bar últ ókilderi payda bola bastaydy, olar: Q.Sәtbaev, D. Qonaev jәne t.b. Biraq, halyqtyng basym bóligi óndiristegi bilimnen әli beyhabar boldy.
Qazaqstan 1953 jyldan 1991 jylgha deyin
Búl kezenning mynaday mindetteri boldy:
1. Auyl sharuashylyghy, tauar óndirisining kóterilui.
Búl kezeng tauar óndire alatyn jәne sol salany órkendete alatyn bilimi bar enbek qoldarnyng kóbengin talap etti. Yaghni, tek jeke qoldanys ýshin ghana óndiru emes, ol tauardy aiyrbastau ýshin kerek boldy. Jer óndeu sharuashylyghynan kelgen kóshpelilerding alghashqy úrpaghy tiyimdiligi jaghynan otyryqshylardan artta boldy. Jәne olardyng sany, kýshpen jer sharuashylyghyna auystyrghannan keyin azayyp qaldy. Enbekke jaramdy bilimdi jergilikti júmys qoly jetispegendikten KSRO ýkimeti qysqa merzimde astyq pen ózge de óndiris salasyn damytu ýshin mamandardy ózge respublikalardan jer audaru turaly sheshim qabyldady. Búl qadam astyqty ónirlerdegi qonys audarghan halyqtyng jergilikti halyqqa qaraghanda kóbengine әkeldi -Soltýstik jәne Shyghys Qazaqstanda.
2. Býkil kenestik óndiris kóleminde Qazaqstannyng tabighy qorlaryn paydalanu.
Óndiriste últtyq injenerlik kadrlardyng jetispeushiliginen, KSRO ýkimeti KSRO-nyng óndiris bazasy jaqsy damyghan aimaqtardan Reseyden, Ukrainadan, Belorussiyadan mamandardy әkeluge sheshim qabyldady. Sәikesinshe, qalyptasa bastaghan Qazaqstannyng jana óndiris qala ortalyqtarynda KSRO-nyng Europalyq bóliginen kelgen jer audarushylardyng sany artty. Sol uaqytta qazaqtardy óndiris mamandyqtaryna oqytu jýrip jatty. Últ búryn ózinde bolmaghan jana bilim qoryn jinay bastaydy. Óndirushi salalarda júmysshylardyng synyptaluy mashina jasau salasyndaghy júmysshylarmen salystyrghanda jogharyraq boldy. Sebebi úshaq jasau múnay óndiruge qaraghanda kóbirek bilim qajet etedi. Sondyqtanda qazaqtardyng sany mashina jasauda emes, óndirushi salada artty. Kónil audaratyn jay, búl últtyng «aqymaqtyghynan» emes, qarapayym ómir zany. Balagha matematika men fizikanyng qarapayym negizgi bilimderin bermey túryp, birden materialdar qaqtyghysyn (sapromatty) shesh demeydi. Últ birtindep bilim qoryn toltyryp mengere bastaydy.
3. KSRO-nyng jalpy súranystarymen Qazaqstannyng mashina jasau ónimderine súranysty qanaghattandyru ýshin Qazaqstandaghy mashina jasau kәsiporyndardy qalyptastyru.
Mashina jasauda joghary bilim qajet bolghandyqtan, mashina jasau kәsiporyndary bar qalalarda, KSRO-nyng ózge ónirlerinen әkelingen ózge halyqtyng ornalasuy basym boldy. Biraq qazaqtardy dayyndau jәne mashina jasaudaghy bilimdi olargha beru ýzdiksiz jalghasyp jaty, óitkeni kóp bilim qoryn jetkizu ýshin kóp uaqyt qajet edi. Erte me kesh pe, mashina jasaudaghy bilimge ie qazaqtardyng sany qalalardaghy etnikalyq toptardyng payyzdyq ýlesin ózgertuge jetkilikti bolar edi.
Búnday jaghday Vengriyada, Latviyada, Chehiyada da boldy. Áueli olardyn, qalalarynda nemis últtarynyng sany artty, al keyin óndiriste jergilikti halyq kadrlary nemisterdi almastyrdy.
Qoyylghan saual boyynsha IY.V.Stalinning sitatasy:
"Sózsiz, ukraindyq proletariatynyng qúramy Ukrainanyng ónidirisining damuymen auysatyn bolady jәne de óndiriske auyldyq jerlerden ukraindyq júmysshylardyng keluine baylanysty olardyng sany artady. Latviya men Vengriyadaghy bar nemister madiyarlana jәne latyshtana bastaghanday, ukraindyq proletariattyng qúramy da ukrainizasiyalanatyn bolady. Biraq búl ýrdis úzaq merzimdi, stihiyalyq tabighy әri jaratyndy bolady».
http://petrograd.biz/stalin/8-6.php
KSRO-nyng saqtalnan kýnining ózinde, qazaqtar erte me kesh pe, qalalarda kóbeye bastaytyn edi. Sebebi últtyng auyl sharuashylyghynan óndiriske aghylu ýrdisin toqtatu mýmkin emes ekenin týsingen jón.
|
Jyly |
1937 |
1939 |
1959 |
1970 |
1979 |
1989 |
|
Qazaqtar |
2,181,520 |
2,307,000 |
2,787,000 |
4,234,000 |
5,289,000 |
6,535,000 |
|
Orystar |
1,917,623 |
2,447,000 |
3,972,000 |
5,522,000 |
5,991,000 |
6,228,000 |
|
Ukraindyqtar |
549,859 |
656,000 |
761,000 |
933,000 |
898,000 |
896,000 |
|
Nemister |
80,568 |
92,000 |
660,000 |
858,000 |
900,000 |
958,000 |
|
Belorustar |
0 |
31,000 |
107,000 |
198,000 |
181,000 |
183,000 |
|
Europalyqtar |
2,548,050 |
3,226,000 |
5,500,000 |
7,511,000 |
7,970,000 |
8,265,000 |
|
Halyqtyng ósim jyldamdyghy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qazaqtar |
|
5.75% |
20.81% |
51.92% |
24.92% |
23.56% |
|
Orystar |
|
27.61% |
62.32% |
39.02% |
8.49% |
3.96% |
|
Europalyqtar |
|
26.61% |
70.49% |
36.56% |
6.11% |
3.70% |
|
Qazaqtardyng orystardan asyp týsui |
|
0.21 |
0.33 |
1.33 |
2.93 |
5.96 |
|
Jalpy Evropalyqtardan |
|
0.22 |
0.30 |
1.42 |
4.08 |
6.36 |
Yaghni, 1970 jyldan bastap qazaqtar sanynyng ósui, orystardyng jәne jalpy europalyqtardyng ósu sanynan asyp týsti. Al 1989 jyly qazaqtar sanynyng ósui orystar men jalpy evropalyqtardyng ósuimen salystyrghanda 6 ese asyp kóbeydi.
Endi qalalyq halyqtyng jyl sayyn ósu qarqynyn qarastyrayyq. Óitkeni eger KSRO әri qaray óz qyzmetin jalghastyra berse qazaqtar qalada kópshilik bóligin qúramas edi degen oy pikir qalyptasqan.
|
Jyly |
1970 |
1979 |
1989 |
1999 |
|
Qaladaghy bar halyq |
6,582,924 |
7,912,466 |
9,182,636 |
8,377,303 |
|
Sonyng ishinde qazaqtar |
1,132,473 |
1,656,390 |
2,488,903 |
3,615,519 |
|
ósu qarqyny |
|
46% |
50% |
45% |
|
orystar |
3,833,615 |
4,445,482 |
4,668,979 |
3,443,646 |
|
ósu/azang qarqyny |
|
16% |
5% |
-26% |
|
ukraindyqtar |
502,300 |
541,604 |
564,987 |
339,145 |
|
nemister |
348,448 |
407,580 |
461,423 |
181,612 |
|
belorustar |
95,702 |
101,253 |
107,901 |
65,141 |
|
europalyqtar |
333,637 |
383,621 |
432,567 |
324,820 |
|
Basqa últtar |
336,749 |
376,536 |
457,876 |
407,420 |
Kórsetilgen derekter qazaqtardyng ósu qarqyny, orys halqynyng ósu qarqyna qaraghanda, 1979 jyly 3 ese, al 1989 jyly 10 ese artyq bolghanyn kórsetedi.
Sәikesinshe, qazaqtardyng ózge últ ókilderin erte me kesh pe óndiris pen injenerlik iste auystyratyny anyq bola bastaydy.
Salystyru ýshin tәuelsiz Qazaqstandaghy qazaqtardyng sanynyng ósu jyldamdyghyn keltireyik
|
jyly |
1989 |
1999 |
2001 |
2006 |
2007 |
|
qazaqtar |
6,535,000 |
7,985,000 |
8,167,000 |
8,913,000 |
9,109,000 |
|
Halyqtyng ósu jyldamdyghy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
qazaqtar |
23.56% |
22.19% |
2.28% |
9.13% |
2.21% |
Kórip túrghanymyzday, 2007 jyly qazaqtardyng ósu jyldamdyghy 1989 jylgha qaraghanda 10 ese az bolghan. Búghan sebep Resey de, orystar da emes ekendigi belgili. Búghan sebep: bizding elimizding osal ekonomikalyq negizi.
Qazaqstan 1991 jyldan 2010 jylgha deyin
Ekonomikalyq negizding auysuyna baylanysty biz últ ózine qajettiligin óteytin ónimderdi óz elining zauyttarynda ózderi qamtamasyz etken sosializmnen, ózindik óndiris últtyng tauargha degen súranysynyng tek 10%- dan 30 %-yn qamtamasyz etetin feodaldyq-burjuaziyalyq (Monarhiyalyq kapital) jýiesine kóship, últ bilimin joghalta bastadyq.
1. Biz energiyalyq bloktardy jasaudy, atom kombinattaryn, joldardy, jylu jәne elektr joldardy, temir joldardy, joghary tauarly óndiristi auyl sharuashylyghynda kalay qamtamasyz etu kerek ekendigin jәne t.b. nәrselerdi bildik.
Endi biz óndiristi kýirettik, soghan oray, últ ózinde bolghan bilimnen aiyryla bastady. Al auyldan kelip, óndiristik kәsiporyndardan kelesi dengeydegi bilim alyp damudyng joghary satysyna ótken últtyng bir bóligi, qalagha kelip óndiris tappay, sol bilim dengeyimen qala berdi. Osylaysha, birtindep bilimning sarqyluy jýrdi. Osy prosess slavyandyqtardyng joqtyghanan emes, óndiristing joqtyghynan payda boldy. Slavyandardyng jetkilikti halyq sany bar Reseyde de dәl osy ýrdis bayqalady.
Múnda ústanatyn qaghida - qazirgi últtan poezdardy, úshaqtardy, elektrostansiyalardy, teledidarlardy, avtomashinalardy jәne t.b. oilap tabu ýshin bilimdi qazirgi ekonomikalyq negiz qajet etpeydi.
Bireude búl bilim kezdeysoq bar bolsa da, ol ony búl jerde qoldana almaydy, sondyqtan ol degradasiyagha úshyraydy (qoldanysta joq bilim erte me kesh pe joghalady) nemese onyng bilimderin tәjiriybede jýzege asyratyn elderge ketip qalady.
Býgingi tandaghy qazaq tilining qoghamdaghy qajettilikterine qyzmet etui
IYә, qazaq tili kóshpelilerding tili retinde qalyptasty. Biraq búl degenimiz - qazaq tili óndiris pen ghylymda qoldanys taba alady degen maghyna emes.
Mysaly, orys tilindegi shetel sózderining sózdiginde 25 000 asa sóz bar. Orys tilindegi ýlken bilim qory injeneriyada, qarjy salasynda, aviasiyada jәne t.b. ózge tilden engen sózderden qalyptasqan, óitkeni onyng orys tilinde balamasy tabylmaghan. Biraq búl orys injenerlerine, tilding alghashynda iykemsizdigine qaramastan óz tilderinde janalyqtar men ashylular jasauyna kedergi bolghan joq. Eger tilding týpki núsqasynda, shetel tilindegi sózding balamasy dәl tabylmasa, tilding iykemsizdigi turaly әngime aitatyn adamdar bar. Olar qatelesedi. Nege? Óitkeni, bilimnin jana salalarynda barlyq janalyqtardy tek bir ózi ghana jasaghan últ joq. Týrli últ ókilderi týrli salalarda týrli ashylular jasaydy. Búl jana bilimdegi sózderdi tez qabylday alatyn jәne sol sózderdi óz tiline beyimdep, ony óz últynyng arasynda taratyp, últtyq sharuashylyghynda qoldanysqa engizgen últ ózine kóbirek payda alady. Qoldanysqa engizu ne ghúrlym tez jәne jenil bolghan sayyn, búl ýrdis onay jýrip, búl tilding qoldanylu shekarasy keneyedi.
Tilding ghúmyr keshui, sol tilding grammatikalyq negizi saqtalghangha deyin bolatynyn týsinu qajet. Eger tiliding grammatikalyq negizin saqtap qalyp, oghan kóptegen shetel sózderin engizse, onda til ólmeydi jәne ol kýshtirek әri bәsekege qabiletti bolady.
Býgingi tandaghy qazaq tilining basty mәseleleri:
1. Bilimning jetispeushiligi
2. Janalyq ashushy, oilanushy, óz bilimin kelesi úrpaqqa berushi, sol bilimin tәjiriybede qazaq tilinde qoldanatyn, tildi alyp jýrushilerding arasynda joqtyghy.
Búl eki mәsele bylay sheshiledi.
Birinshi - ekonomika, sayasat, filosofiya, geografiya, biologiya, medisina jәne t.b. salalardaghy manyzdy enbekterdi sapaly qazaq tiline audaru. Sebebi býgingi tanda, eger adam tek qazaq tilin mengerse, ol búl tilde nemiske, amerkandyqqa nemese fransuzgha sәikes bilim dengeyin ala almaydy. Sol sebepten tek qazaq tilin biletin qazaq oghan qajet bilim dengeyi bar ózge tilderdi mengeruge mәjbýr. Múnda, sózsiz, búl enbekterding audarmasyn jýzege asyrushy adamdar sol taqyrypty týsinetin adamdar boluy qajet. Mehanikalyq audarma mәseleni sheshpeydi, ol tek júmys súlbasyn tudyrady.
Ekinshi - kóp mólsherde tek auyldardy qamtityn jәne әr jyly 9 synyptan bastap oqushylardy shetelge oqugha jiberetin jalpy memlekettik baghdarlama qajet.
Birinshi jyly olar sol ortada til mengeredi de Shveysariyadaghy, Japoniyadaghy, Germaniyadaghy mektepterdi bitirgen son, sol elding JOO - na týsedi. Biraq tek eki saladaghy mamandyqtagha: injenerlik jәne medisinalyq iste. Shynynda eshnәrse jasay almaytyn marketologtar nemese menedjerler bizge qajet emes. Áriyne ketken 100 oqushylardyng arasynan - bir bóligi elge qaytpaydy, bir bóligi emtihannan qúlap, bir bóligi ishkilikke salynyp ketedi. Biraq, elge maman bolyp qaytyp keletinderi de bolady. Búl últtyq ghylymi-injenerlik mektepting qalyptasuynyng bastamasy bolady.
Olardyng alghashqy aghymy 6-7 jyldan kelgen kezge taman, biz óndiristik negizdi janadan jasap dayyndap qoyymyz kerek. Áypese, kelgen mamandar bilimderin joghaltady (bilimin qoldanbaghandyqtan) ne elden ketedi.
Eger jiberiletin oqushylar sany kóp bolsa, jylyna 10-15 myng oqushy, onda 7 jyldan song bizding el qazaq tilinde jәne olar mekendegen elding tilinde oilap tәjiriybe jasaytyn 15 myng injenerler men dәrigerlerge ie bolady.
Al, últtyq belgileri boyynsha bólinuden qashu ýshin, jibererde, qazaq tilin erkin biluinen emtihan ótkizu qajet. Sonda ózge últtyng ata-analary, óz balalaryn shetelge oqugha jiberuge mýmkindigi bar ekenin týsinip, qazaq tiline balalaryn ýiretedi.
«Dana jol yntaly toby»
«Abay-aqparat»
