HASAN ORALTAYDYNG ÓMIRDEN ÓTKENINE BIR JYL BOLDY

Sýiispenshilik týrli-týrli bolady desek, sonyng ishinde eng qasiyetti de qymbatty sýiispenshilik - ol últyn sýi dep bilemiz. Óitkeni basqaday sýiispen­shilikter barlyq januarlarda da bola beredi emes pe. Últyn sýi bar da, sol sýiispenshilikpen últy ýshin qyzmet etip, elin sýiindiru taghy bar. Múnyng aldynghysy әrbir adamda bar desek, songhysy ekining birining qolynan kele bermeydi. Biraq Hasan Qaliybekúly Oraltay ekining biri emes. Ol ózining jaratylysy bólek, sezimi teren, tal­ghamy joghary, ústanymy myqty, maqsaty aiqyn azamat ekenin ómir tәjiriybesi ar­qyly dәleldep ketti. Onyng býkil ghúmyry shynymen de "Elim-aylap ótken ómir" boldy deuge túrady.

HASAN ORALTAYDYNG ÓMIRDEN ÓTKENINE BIR JYL BOLDY

Sýiispenshilik týrli-týrli bolady desek, sonyng ishinde eng qasiyetti de qymbatty sýiispenshilik - ol últyn sýi dep bilemiz. Óitkeni basqaday sýiispen­shilikter barlyq januarlarda da bola beredi emes pe. Últyn sýi bar da, sol sýiispenshilikpen últy ýshin qyzmet etip, elin sýiindiru taghy bar. Múnyng aldynghysy әrbir adamda bar desek, songhysy ekining birining qolynan kele bermeydi. Biraq Hasan Qaliybekúly Oraltay ekining biri emes. Ol ózining jaratylysy bólek, sezimi teren, tal­ghamy joghary, ústanymy myqty, maqsaty aiqyn azamat ekenin ómir tәjiriybesi ar­qyly dәleldep ketti. Onyng býkil ghúmyry shynymen de "Elim-aylap ótken ómir" boldy deuge túrady.

Hasan Qaliybekúly Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng joghary jik otbasynda dýniyege keldi. Onyng balalyq shaghyn baqytty ótti deuge keler. Onyng es bilgennen estigeni men kórgeni (әkesi Qaliybek Rayymbekúly jәne onyng ýzengiles joldastarynan) qazaq halqynyng taghdyry mәselesi jәne últtyq tendik pen azattyq ýshin kýres boldy (HH ghasyrdyng 40-jyldary Shyghys-Týrkistanda últ azattyq qozghalystary qaynap jatty, әkesi Qaliybek sol qozghalystyng jetekshilerining biri boldy). Bala Hasan tym jastay óte sayasilanghan qoghamdyq ortada ósti. Ol azamat bolghan kezinde (17 jasynda) әkesimen birge, otbasy el-júrtymen amalsyzdan atamekenin tastap, Tarym shólin basyp, Gimalay tauyn asyp, Kәshmirge bosyp baryp, odan Týrkiyagha qonys audarghan asa mashaqatty da azapty alys joldy basynan keshirdi. Biraq sol bes jylgha sozylghan bosqyndyq tozaq ómir Hasekenning jigerin tittey de múqalta almaghan, kerisinshe, ony shyndap qaysar jigitke ainaldyrghan eken.

Hasan Oraltay qoghamdyq isterge 1954 jyly Týrkiyada aralasty. Ol ózining alghashqy enbek jolyn Izmir qalasyndaghy tarihy eskertkishter satatyn dýkenning satushysy boludan bastady. Biraq ol qarabasynyng qamyn kýittep ketpedi. Óitkeni ony tolghandyrghan manyzdy mәsele - san myndaghan qazaqtardyng atajúrttan Anadolygha qonys audaruynyng sebep-saldary edi. Sol kezde ol jas bolsa da sayasy sarapdaldyghymen mәselening sipatyn dәp basyp tanidy. HH ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda qazaq halqynyng Kenes Odaghynda, әlde Qytayda bolsyn sayasy janyshtaular men jazyqsyz qyrghyndaugha úshyray beruining basty sebebi - qoghamdyq sayasy jýiede ekendigin, yaghny kommunistik jýiede ekendigin tereng týsindi. Osy jýiening zalaly tek Abaq-Kerey qaliybekter әuletine ghana emes, jalpy qazaqqa apat әkelip túrghanyn qoghamdyq tәjiriybeden tanydy. Sondyqtan ol ózine kommunistik jýiemen kýresudi ómirlik maqsat etip qoydy. Biraq ol kýresuding jana tәsilin - aqparattyq kýres jolyn tandady da, qolyna qalam aldy. Sóitip, Hasan Oraltay Izmirlik jurnalist Ózdemir Atalanmen birlesip jazghan "Himalaya Dastani - Gimalay Dastany" atty kólemdi enbegi "Ege Ekspress" gazetinde 40 kýnge tayau jalghasty jariyalandy. Búl maqalada atajúrttan aughan elding Qytayda jәne bosqyndyq jolda kórgen azaptary payymdalghan.

Alayda ótken HH ghasyrdyng 50-jyldary týrkiyalyqtardyng kóbi qazaq degen halyqtyng kim ekendigin bilmese kerek, onda barghan qazaqtardan "qytaymysyn?", "japonbysyn?" dep súray beredi eken. Búghan namystanghan Hasan Qaliybekúly Týrkiya júrtshylyghyna qazaq degen halyqty tanystyru ýshin kólemdi enbek jazugha kirisedi. Aqyry ol 1961 jyly "Erkindik jolyndaghy Shyghys-Týrkistan qazaq týrkileri" degen kitap jazyp, óz qaltasynan 8000 týrik lirasyn (sol kezde búl aqshagha bir ýy satyp alugha bolady eken) júmsap, baspadan shygharyp elge taratady. Kitaptyng alghysózinde avtor: "Búl kitabymda sizderge, adamzat tarihynyng HH ghasyryndaghy eng bir qorqynyshty bólimin, Otan jәne azattyq jolyndaghy isteri dastan­gha ainalghan Qazaq týrikterining kommunizmge qarsy kýresin týsindiruge tyrysamyn" - deydi. Sonday-aq ol qazaqtardyng kom­munizm­ge qarsy boluynyng sebebine toqtal­ghanda, "týrki tektes boluymyz, orys pen qytaygha qúl boludy tilemeuimiz, erikti adam bolyp ómir sýrudi kókseuimizde" dep tújyrymdaghan ("Elim-aylap ótken ómir", Ystanbol, 1999, 219 b.). Búl sózder Hasekende saya­sy kózqarastyng aiqyn qalyptasqanyn anghartady. Sodan bastap ol kommunistik jýiege qarsy kýreske shyghyp, aqparat salasyna qadam basady. 1961 jyldan "Býiik Týrkeli" degen jurnaldy, 1965 jyldan "Kommunizmle SAU­ASh" degen gazetti (keyin jurnalgha ainal­ghan) shygharyp, Mústafa Shoqaydyng jolyn jalghastyrdy. Ol Mústafa Shoqaydy ýlgi tútty, Alashordasy oishyldarynyng iydeyasyn qabyldady jәne ony jalghastyrdy. Sonday-aq ol alashshylardyng bay mәdeny múralarynan ózine sarqylmas ruhany quat alyp otyrdy. Sondyqtan da ol ghúmyr boyy Alash iydeyasyn ýgittep, alashshylardyng armanyn armandap, mәdeny múrasyn nasihattady. 1965 jyly "Býiik týrikshil Maghjan Júmabayúly" degen atpen baspadan shygharghan kitaby sonyng bir dәleli ispettes.

Hasan Oraltaydyng tileuin Alla jón kórse kerek, ol kisi 1968 jyly Germaniyanyng Munhen qalasyndaghy AQSh-tyng "Azattyq" radiosy qazaq bólimine qyzmetker bolyp qabyldanady. Hasekeng osy radioda 1995 jyldyng shilde aiyna deyin (zeynetke shyqqangha deyin) júmysta bolyp, jay qyzmetkerden bólim diyrektory mindetterin atqardy. Mine, osy otyz jylday uaqyt - Hasan Qaliybekúlynyng eli ýshin "Elim-aylap" jýrip jemisti enbek etken kezeni boldy.

Hasekenning radioda júmys isteudegi saya­sy maqsaty aiqyn edi. Sondyqtan ol "Júmysqa erte baryp, kesh qaytyp, úzaq otyryp istegenim ýshin (overtaime) qosymsha aqsha talap etpeymin. Radiodaghy ol isterdi men "Otanyma, qazaghyma qyzmet" dep baghalaytynmyn. Óitkeni ol kezde, qolda bar mýmkinshiliktermen qazaqtyng mýddesin qorghap, sózin sóileytin birden-bir radio - "Azattyq" radiosynyng qazaq bólimshesi edi. Sol ýshin men júmysqa erte baryp, kesh qaytyp, bir auyz sóz bolsa da qazaqtyq túrghydan aitugha, aittyrugha tyrysudy últtyq mindet, paryzym" (atalghan kitap 310 b.) dep sanaghan. Sonday-aq ol ózining tikeley týisigimen "bir kýn keledi, sol kýni, halqymyz orys pen qytaydyng otarshyldyq ozbyrlyghynan da, kommunistik zúlym-zombylyqtan da qútylady" (325 b.) dep sengen. Biraq "ony kórem dep dәmelenbegen" edi. Solayda ol ózine-ózi jýktegen auyr da, kýrdeli mindeti men paryzyn abyroymen atqardy. Hasekenning sol radio arqyly jýrgizgen aqparattyq kýresi qyzyl imperiya - Kenes Odaghynnyng ydyrau­y­na, Qazaq elining tәuelsizdik aluyna, shettegi qazaqtardyng tarihy Otanyna oraluyna pәrmendi yqpal etti. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde ol ózi sol radiodan Qazaqstannyng tәuelsiz­digin әlemge jariyalau baqytyna ie boldy.

Hasan Qaliybekúlynyng azamattyq ústanymy men qoghamdyq kózqarasy aiqyn boldy. Ol qazaqtargha qatysty kez kelgen mәselege últtyq mýdde túrghysynan qaraytyn jәne últtyq mýddeni dәripteytin. Hasekeng qashanda: "Men rushyldyqty jek kóremin. Mening atym - qazaq, tegim - týrki, dinim - islam, úranym - Alash, kitabym - Qúran, ruym joq" (508 b.) dep aityp jýruinde ýlken mәn bar. Ol әriptesterimen kezi kelgen bir әngimesinde: "Alashshylar Arghyn da emes, Aday da, Kerey de, yaghny Orta jýz de, Kishi jýz, Úly jýz de emes, olar naghyz qazaq bolatyn. Olar rushyldyqty joydyng birden-bir joly - últshyldyq ekenin jaqsy bilgen. Últyn sýigen adam últshyl bolady. Últshyl adam rushyl bolmaydy. Últshyl bolu degen, yaghny óz últyn sýy degen - barlyq basqa halyq, basqa adamdy da sýy degen sóz. Óz últyn sýimegen, bәrinen búryn óz últynyng mәsele-problemasyn sheshuge tyryspaghan adam basqany jarylqay almaydy" (481 b.) - dep týsindirgeni bar. Mine, búl últtyq dengeyge kóterilgen túlghanyng kózqarasy men azamattyq ústanymy. Bajaylap baqsaq, Hasekeng ómirde ózining osy ústanymyn qoghamdyq baylanystargha arqau etetin siyaqty. Búlay deytinim, men Hasan aghaymen eshqanday tuys­tyq qatynasym bolmasa da ol kisimen jiyrma alty jyl boyy óte jaqyn baylanysta, yaghny tughan bauyrynday qatynas­ta boldym. Bizdi tyghyz baylanystyr­ghan bas­ty nәrse - últtyq sana-sezim men sayasy kózqarastyng úqsastyghy siyaqty.

Hasan Qaliybekúly ózining "Elim-aylap ótken ómir" kitabynda (352-353 b.) Ýrimjide menimen qalay tanysqanyn jazdy. Ol oqigha mening de jadymda mәngilikke saqtalyp qaldy. 1984 jyldyng shilde aiy edi, men Hy Chiynliyang (He Xing liang - qazaq tilining mamany) degen qytay jigiti ekeumiz Shynjang Qoghamdyq ghylymdar akademiyasynyng (ekeumiz de osy akademiyanyng ghylymy qymetkeri edik) úigharymy boyynsha, Nyghymet Mynjanidyng memlekettik tapsyryspen jazghan "Qazaqtyng qysqasha tarihynyn" qoljazbasyn qytay tiline tez audaru ýshin Akademiyanyng Ýrimji qalasyndaghy Hua syao (Hua xiao) qonaq ýiinen alyp bergen bir bólmesinde jatyp-túryp, kýndiz-týni júmys istep jatqanbyz. Hasan agha Shynjang qoghamdyq ghylymdar akademiyasynyng az sandy últtar tilderin zertteu institutynyng shaqyruymen alghash ret Qytaygha baryp, osy qonaq ýige týsken eken. Dәl sol kezde men qonaq ýiden syrtqa shyghyp bara jatyp, bizding akademiyanyng Ámina Ghappar (institut diyrektory), Nyghymen Mynjany (institut diyrektorynyng orynbasary) Syrtqy baylanystar bólimining qyzmetkeri Chjan (Zhang) jәne birneshe qazaq kisilerding Hasendi әuejaydan qarsy alyp, qonaq ýiding qabyldau zalyna endi ghana engen kezinde jolyghyp qaldym da, Nyqannan bastap ol kisilerding bәrine sәlem berip, qol alyp amandastym. Sonda Chjang maghan kelip: "Sen búl kisini (Hasan Oraltaydy) qaydan tanisyn?" - dedi. Men "tarihshymyn ghoy, búl kisini ghana emes. Búl kisining әkesin de jaqsy bilemin" dedim. "Jaraydy, sen akademiyanyng adamysyng ghoy, basqa adamdardyng ol kisimen kelse-kelmes tanysa beruine bolmaydy" dedi. Sonymen kýnde Hasekenmen osy qonaq ýiding meyramhanasynda kezdesip, tamaqtan keyin syrtqy zalda otyryp әngime­lesip jýrdik. Qytaydyng tәrtibi boyynsha sheteldik qonaqtargha tartylatyn taghamdar mol әri sapaly bolady da, bizderge beriletin tamaqtary qarapayymdau keledi. Biraq Hasekeng sheteldik qonaqtargha arnal­ghan ýstelge otyrmay, qayta-qayta bizding otyrghan ýstelimizge kelip alatyn. Dayashylar ol kisini ózine arnalghan ýstelge barynyz  dese, "men jalghyz otyryp tamaq ishe almaymyn ghoy" dep әzildeytin. Sol kýnderi ekeuara bolghan qysqa-qysqa әngimemiz bizderdi ýlken týsinikke jeteledi. Sonda Hasekeng mende "Últtyq sananyng bar ekenin" (353 b.) bayqaghan eken. Bәlkim, mening Hasekene óte únaghan jerim de osy bolar. Sodan ol Germaniyagha qaytqannan keyin, qansha qarbalas bolsa da maghan ýzbey hat jazyp, tipti Germaniyadan kitaptar (Zaky Uәlidy Toghannyng "Týrkistan jәne jaqyn tarihy" jәne bas­qa kitaptar), jurnaldar jiberip túrdy, men de inilik iltipatpen hat jazyp, aghalyq qamqorlyghyna alghysymdy bildirip jýrdim. Ras, Hasen agha maghan ghana emes, belgili ghalym Nyghymet Mynjanigha da kitaptar jiberdi. Tipti, Shynjang halyq baspasynyng bastyghynyng orynbasary S.Naymangha "Qazaq Sovet ensiklopediyasyn" tolyq kóshirip týptetip poshtadan jiberdi. Ondaghy aghaydyng oiy - Qytaydaghy qazaqtardyng ghylymy jәne mәdeny óresining ósuine óz septigin tiygizu ekeni belgili.

Men 1993 jyly Qazaqstangha keldim, 1994 jyly kóktemde Hasekenmen Almatyda kezdestim. Hasekeng meni qatty qúshaqtady, "men seni Almatyda kezdestiremin dep oilaghan joqpyn. Qúdaygha myng mәrte shýkirshi­lik, tәuelsizdikting arqasynda ekeumiz osynda kezdestik ghoy" dedi, tebirenip. Sodan song ol kisi Almatygha jii kelip túrdy, әr kelgen sa­yyn biz kezdesip, shýiirkelesip ýzaq-ýzaq әngimelesip jýrdik, halyqaralyq telefon arqyly da auyq-auyq habarlasyp túrdyq.

Hasan agha meni Týrkiyadaghy Egey denizining jaghasyndaghy sayajayyna qonaqqa shaqyrdy. Biraq men uәde berip qoyyp, ýsh jylday jazda uaqyt tauyp bara almay jýrdim. 2009 jyly jazda Hasekene telefon shalyp sәlem berip edim, ol kisi: "Ey, sen kelmeysing be? Men seni qashanghy kýtemin" dedi, qatqyl dauyspen. Men qysylghanymnan «Baramyn agha» dedim de, jazda birge júmys istep jatqan "Alash zert­teu ortalyghynyn" diyrektory Hayrolla Ghabjalelovke: «Maghan Týrkiyagha Hasan aghagha baru kerek boldy», - dep edim, ol kisi: «Birge barayyq» dedi. Sonymen Hayrolla Maghauiyaúly ekeumiz tamyzdyng 9-y kýni úshaqpen Týrkiyagha jol tarttyq. Hasekeng Izmir әuejayynan bizdi qarsy alyp, Egey tenizining jaghasyna ornalasqan Ózderedegi ýsh qabatty әdemi salynghan sayajayyna apardy. Ýiding birinshi qabatyndaghy ýlken zalda Alashordasynyng tuy men әkesi Qaliybekting ýlken kerme sureti qoyylypty. Biz bes kýn osy ýide túryp, Egey tenizine týsip, emin-erkin әngimelestik. Hasekeng sol kýnderi óte kónildi jýrdi. "Nәbijan, sen kelip, el-júrttyng әngimesin aityp, bir jasap qaldym ghoy. Men múnda әdette kýndelik gazetterdi oqimyn, internetke qaraymyn, kitap oqimyn, biraq sodan týigen oilarymdy bólisetin adam joq, әngimelesuge adam tappaysyng múnda", - dedi. Hasekenge ruhany jalghyzdyqtyng qatty batqanyn sezindim, ishtey ayap ta kettim.

15 tamyz kýni Hasan aghamyz ben Ádiyshe jengemiz bir mashina jaldap, bizdi Egey tenizining jaghasymen jýrip jer kórsetip Izmir qalasyna apardy. Qalanyng kóne bazaryn aralap Hýsar meshiti (HUCAR - HISARCAMISI) dep atalatyn shaghyn eski meshitke keldik. Haseken: «Nәbijan, - dedi, - men 1955 jyly 4 sәuir kýni osy qaladaghy eski dýniyelerdi satatyn dýkenge satushy bolyp júmysqa keldim. Sodan osy meshitke Júma namazgha keldim. Meshitting ishine adam tolyp ketkendikten syrtta túrghan jamaghattyng qataryna túrdym. Ol kezde meshitting syrt jaghy múnday emes, qúm-tastaq bolatyn. Bir sәtten keyin nóser janbyr qúidy kep, elding bәri tarap-tarap ketti, mening baratyn jerim joq, ýsti-basym su-su bolyp túryp qaldym. Ol kezde qalagha jana kelgem, dýkenning tar bir bólmesinde túratynmyn, onda ne kiyim jayatyn jer joq, ne auystyryp kiyetin kiyimim joq edi. Kónilim qatty qúlazydy... Keshe elding bәri erkeletetin, enbek istemegen baydyn, audan әkimining balasy edim, mine, endi barargha jer tappay túrghanym» - dep qatty tolqydym da, Qúdaydan súradym, «jaratushy Alla, maghan osy qaladan bir bólme ýy búiyrta kór!» dep tiledim. Qazir osy qalada tórt kotedj ýiim bar, balalargha bólip berdim. Qúdaygha shýkirshilik, Izmirge kelgen sayyn osy meshitke kelip, sol kýnimdi eske alamyn», - dedi. Kózine jas irkilip ketti, men de tebirenip kettim. Qasiyetti meshitte túryp tilegen tileuin Qúday qabyl kórgen shyghar, sodan keyin Hasekenning joly mashaqatty bolsa da sәtti bolyp, baylyq pen qúrmet ol kisige ózdiginen oralyp otyrady. Biraq Hasekeng qazaqy qarapayymdylyqty saqtap qala bergen-di.

Hasan agha bizdi Izmir әuejayynan shygharyp salyp, qoshtasarda maghan: "Nәbijan, sening maghan arnayy sәlem berip kelgening keremet boldy, sen maghan tuys emessin, qúda-jegjat ta emessin, mýddeles adam da emessin, biraq ruhany jaqyn adamsyn, ruhany jaqyndyq sonyng bәrinen joghary ghoy," - dedi. Hasekeng tarihtan da, ómirden de ózine ruhany jaqyndardy izdegen adam bolghandyqtan, adamdar arasyndaghy baylanysta ruhany jaqyndyqty joghary baghalaytynyn osy sózinen de bayqadym. Áuejayda bir-birimizdi qimay-qimay qoshtastyq. Biraq men oilaghan joqpyn, sol qoshtasuym Hasan aghamen eng songhy qoshtasuym bolady dep.

2010 jyly qarasha aiynda men Shveysariyanyng Surih uniyversiytetine ghylymy konferensiyagha bardym. Konferensiya ayaqtal­ghan song Hasan aghanyng ornyna Qúran oqiyn dep 28 qarasha kýni Surih qalasynan Germaniya­nyng Munhen qalasyna poyyzben jolgha shyghyp, qas qarayghanda Munhenge jettim. Vokzaldan meni Hasan aghanyng kýieubalasy Ismayyl men ýlken úly Jәnibek qarsy aldy. Ismayyl men Nýrkamal Hasanqyzy maghan arnap keshki qonaqasyn dayyndap, qúdalaryn da shaqyrghan eken, bәrimiz birge otyryp kóterinki kónil-kýide әngimelesip tamaqtandyq. Odan song Jәnibek meni mashinasymen qala manyna 20 shaqyrym jerdegi kurorttyq ónir - Zarnedinge ornalasqan Hasan aghanyng ýiine apardy, egilip túrghan Ádiyshe jengemmen jylap kórisip, qúran oqydym. Jengey: "Sen Hasan qaytqannan keyin alystan әdeyilep kelip, ornyna Qúran oqyghan birinshi adamsyn, seni tughan bauyrynday jaqsy kórushi edi, raqmet saghan", - dedi. Osy ýide eki qonyp Hasan aghaydyng asyl qasiyetterin aityp jengeydi júbatqan boldym. Hase­kenning ýsh qabatty enseli ýii bar eken. Birinshi qabaty ýlken zal. Zaldyng tór jaghyna biyik shkaf qoyylghan, onyng oiyqtaryna onnan solgha qaray Mústafa Kemel-Ata Týriktin, Álihan Bókeyhannyn, Mústafa Shoqaydyng jәne Hasan Oraltaydyng ýlken portretteri qatar-qatar qoyylypty. Aldynghy ýsh portretti Hasekenning ózi qoyghan eken, Hasekeng ómirden ótken song balalary sol kisilerding qataryna әkesining suretin de qoyypty. Búny óte dúrys istegen eken. Óitkeni Hasan Qaliybekúlynyng ómirde ózine ýlgi tútqandary, jolyn qughan úly túlghalary solar edi. Endeshe, Hasekendi HH ghasyrdyng sonynda solardyng iydeyasyn jalghastyrushy retinde olarmen qatar qoiygha, dәripteuge әbden layyq dep sanaymyn. Osy portretter týrik halqynyn, qazaq últynyng úly múrattas túlghalarynyng ruhy Hasekenning ýiinde óz jalghasyn tauyp túrghanday әser qaldyrdy maghan. Hasekenning qaysy ýiine barsanyz da tórinen Alashordasynyng tuy men kósemderi­ning portretterin kóresiz de, oilanasyz...

Tarihymyzda ótken úlylardyng últyn sýng ruhy úrpaqtarymyzgha, mine, osylay úlasa berui zandylyq dep sanaymyn. Hasan Oraltay óz últynyn, týrki halqynyng jýreginde mәngi saqtalady.

Nәbijan Múqamethanúly,

Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq uniyversiyteti Halyqaralyq qatynastar fakulitetining professory, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory.

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