Býgin mamyr aiynyng ýshi - dýniyejýzilik baspasóz bostandyghy kýni. Qazaq baspasózinde erkindik bar ma, bolsa qay dengeyde degenge bir sәt oy jýgirtip barymyzdy bazarlap, joghymyzdy týgendeytin kýn. Osymyzdyng ózi әiteuir, az ba, kóp pe sóz erkindigining bolghany ghoy. Eger eshtene joq bolsa, onday әngimening de qozghalmasy aidan anyq emes pe.

Halyq jazushysy, kórnekti publisist Múhtar Maghauin ózining zarly tolghau dep ataghan «Últsyzdanu úrany» atty maqalasynyng «Qazaq tildi baspasóz» degen bóliminde: «qazaq tildi jurnalisterimiz ap-anyq nәrsening ózin búldyratyp jiberedi, kórkemdeymin, órnekteymin dep, mýlde býldiredi». Týptep kelgende, osynyng bәri әdepki sauattyng tómendiginen...Erkin sózding parasatty, ótkir, mәn-manyzdy, býgindi tereninen qamtyp, bolashaqty naqty baghdarlaghan iygi qasiyetterine úmtyludyng ornyna, batysta sarjaghal atalatyn basylymdardyng bylghanysh әdetterine beyimdelip ketti. Nәtiyjesinde, últtyng kókeykesti mәselelerinen tysqary qalyp otyr. Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy kýnderinen bastap teriske oiysyp, aqyr týbi býgingi, әri dәrmensiz, әri qaterli qalpyn tapty» - dep mәselege basqasha qyrynan keledi. Professordyng payymdauynsha, on ýsh jyl boyghy qazaq baspasózindegi eng negizgi saryn - bir jaghynan jylymshy madaq, jóreuke jaghympazdyq jәne oghan kerisinshe, balaghat, sógis. Madaqtalatyn - biylik basynda otyrghandar, - dep oy týiedi.

Býgin mamyr aiynyng ýshi - dýniyejýzilik baspasóz bostandyghy kýni. Qazaq baspasózinde erkindik bar ma, bolsa qay dengeyde degenge bir sәt oy jýgirtip barymyzdy bazarlap, joghymyzdy týgendeytin kýn. Osymyzdyng ózi әiteuir, az ba, kóp pe sóz erkindigining bolghany ghoy. Eger eshtene joq bolsa, onday әngimening de qozghalmasy aidan anyq emes pe.

Halyq jazushysy, kórnekti publisist Múhtar Maghauin ózining zarly tolghau dep ataghan «Últsyzdanu úrany» atty maqalasynyng «Qazaq tildi baspasóz» degen bóliminde: «qazaq tildi jurnalisterimiz ap-anyq nәrsening ózin búldyratyp jiberedi, kórkemdeymin, órnekteymin dep, mýlde býldiredi». Týptep kelgende, osynyng bәri әdepki sauattyng tómendiginen...Erkin sózding parasatty, ótkir, mәn-manyzdy, býgindi tereninen qamtyp, bolashaqty naqty baghdarlaghan iygi qasiyetterine úmtyludyng ornyna, batysta sarjaghal atalatyn basylymdardyng bylghanysh әdetterine beyimdelip ketti. Nәtiyjesinde, últtyng kókeykesti mәselelerinen tysqary qalyp otyr. Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy kýnderinen bastap teriske oiysyp, aqyr týbi býgingi, әri dәrmensiz, әri qaterli qalpyn tapty» - dep mәselege basqasha qyrynan keledi. Professordyng payymdauynsha, on ýsh jyl boyghy qazaq baspasózindegi eng negizgi saryn - bir jaghynan jylymshy madaq, jóreuke jaghympazdyq jәne oghan kerisinshe, balaghat, sógis. Madaqtalatyn - biylik basynda otyrghandar, - dep oy týiedi.

Áriyne, aghamyz aitqanday, qazaq gazetterinde onday kemshilikterding әli de bary ras. Alayda, ol jekelegen shygharmashylyq iyelerining bәrine tәn emes. Múnday payymnyng tuyndauyna sebepker bolyp otyrghan mәselening ózi ainalyp kelgende,  shynayy tәuelsiz, beytarap baspasózding qalyptaspauynda bolsa kerek.

Qalay desek te, Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alyp, demokratiyalyq jurnalistikanyng negizi qalanghan kezden bastap baspasóz bostandyghy kórinis tapty.  Marat Qabanbay, Múhtar Maghauiyn, Qabdesh Júmadilov, Seydahmet Qúttyqadam, Sapa Mekebaev, Shәrip Qúraqbaev, Jýsipbek Qorghasbek, Túrsynjan Shapay, Myrzan Kenjebay, Ermúrat Bapi, Ámirjan Qosanov, Aqas Tәjutov, Dәuren Quat, Oraz Álimbekov, Baqytjan  Qosbarmaqov, Júldyz Ábilda, Erenghayyp Quatayúly syndy erkin oily tәuelsiz  jurnalisterding jazu sheberlikterinde payda bolghan erkindik pen sapalyq ilgerileushilik  janrlardyng aiyrmashylyqtaryn meylinshe azaytyp, olardyng bir-birine sinip ketuine jol ashty.

Merzimdi baspasózde әrtýrli janrlardyng sipatyn kórsetetin aralas túrpattaghy material dәl osy tәuelsizdik jyldarynda kóbeydi. Sonymen qatar búrynghyday janrlardyng belgili toptaryna jatqyza salugha kelmeytin nemese bәrine ortaq sipatta jazylatyn tuyndylar da jasalyp keldi.

Sonymen qatar BAQ beytaraptyqqa beyimdelip, jurnalister qauymy ýshin shygharmashylyq bostandyqtyng naqty kórinistke ainaluy jurnalistika janrlarynyng mazmúnyn terendetumen birge formasy men tәsiline de  aitarlyqtay yqpal etti. Onyng syrtynda jurnalister men zertteushi-ghalymdardyng janr atty úghymgha ózgeshe túrghydan qaray bastaghany taghy bar. Jurnalistikanyng kýndelikti tәjiriybesinde janrlar taza qalpynda daralanudy qoydy. Kerisinshe, janrlar bir-birinen tuyndaghan nemese miday aralasqan gibrid túrpatta kezdesip jatady. Sondyqtan, janrlardy anyqtaghannyng ózinde dәl qay týrining basym týsip jatqanymen sanasugha tura keletin jaghday tudy.

Totalitarlyq tәrtipting kýireui qazaq qoghamynyng barlyq salasynda, әsirese, baspasóz naryghynda eleuli ózgeristerding enuine yqpal etti. Kommunistik iydeologiyadan bosaghan kenistikti pikirauandyghy men jariyalylyq jaylap, senzuranyng ornyn BAQ derbestigining basuyna mýmkindik tudy. Búl ýrdiste Qazaqstan Orta Aziya elderi arasynda ghana kóshbasshygha ainaldy.

Alayda, jana aqparattyq sanany qalyptastyru ýrdisi kýrdeli jaghdaygha, qiyndyq pen kedergilerge tap bolyp otyrghanyn qazirgi Qazaqstan jurnalistikasynyng ómiri aighaqtauda. Búrynghy pozisiyalary men baghyt-baghdarlaryna birjolata kóz jazghan tәuelsiz elderding barlyghynyng jurnalistikasy ýshin ortaq mәseleler mynalar boldy:

1)                  aqparat naryghyn tiyimdi әri ontayly ýilestiru;

2)                  tәuelsiz baspasózdi shynayy mazmúnyna say qúru;

3)                  aqparat qúraldarynyng derbestigin qamtamasyz etu;

4)                  BAQ jýiesining qúqyqtyq ahualyn dúrys qalyptastyru;

5)                  aqparat qúraldaryn jurnalist mamandarmen qamtamasyz etu.

Atalmysh problemada qarqyndy bolmasa da belgili dengeyde algha jylju bar. Qysqa merzim ishinde aqparat qúraldarynyng sany kýrt ósti, býginde resmy tirkelgen 7000-gha juyq BAQ-tyng 2500-ge juyghy túraqty júmys istep otyr. Onyng 80 payyzynyng memlekettik emes nysanda boluy aqparat qúraldarynyng derbestigi shynayy kóriniske ainalghandyghynyng belgisi deuge negiz bar. Olardyng arasyndaghy «Jas Alash», «Dat» jobasy boyynsha jaryqqa shyqqan jәne shyghyp kele jatqan gazetter, «Qazaqstan», «Svoboda slova», «Vremya» sekildi tәuelsiz oily, oppozisiyalyq ústanymdaghy gazetter júrt nazaryn kóbirek audaratyny jasyryn emes. Sonday-aq, «Týrkistan», «Altyn Orda» (M. Aqdәuletúly, D.Quat basqarghan tústaghy), «Jas qazaq» (T.Eshenúly, D.Quat basqarghan tústaghy), «Ayqyn» (jurnalist A.Kóshkenova, K.Tasbolat t.s.s) syndy gazetter jekelegen jurnalisterining óz dengeyindegi derbestigimen, beytarap baghyttaghy erkin oilarymen, salmaqty saliqaly pikirlerimen oqyrmandardyng yqylasyna bólenip keldi. Merzimdi basylymdardyng syrtynda jekemenshik tele, radioarnalardyng sany ósip, qarqyndy damu baghyty bayqalghanymen әzirshe baspasózben bәsekege týsuge qabiletti emes.

Qazaqstandaghy erkin aqparat aghynyndaghy jalpy ýrdis BAQ-tyng ishki mazmúnynan búryn syrtqy kelbetine basymdyq beruge әuestenip barady. San jaghynan bir-birine des bermegen baspasóz endi ózge eldermen birlesip qazaq-orys, qazaq-týrik sipatyndaghy («Izvestiya-Qazaqstan», «AiyF-Qazaqstan», «Qazaqstan-Zaman») ýlgige kóshti. Elektrondyq aqparat qúraldar («Euraziya», «31-STS», «Interfaks-Qazaqstan», «Russkiy radio-Aziya») arasynda da osynday ýrdis enip, aqparattyq qarym-qatynastyng jana naryghyn qalyptastyrdy jәne onyng ózi býginge deyin birneshe kezeng boyynsha damydy. Degenmen, múnyng ózi orys tilining yqpalyn saqtap qalugha, reseylik neo otarlaudyng jymysqy әreketin qalyptastyrugha әser etip otyr.

Qazaqstan baspasózi salasyndaghy reformalyq ózgerister odan búrynyraqta ótken Shyghys Europa elderindegi jaghdaylarmen tórkindes boldy. Alghashqy kezende dәl sondaghyday Qazaqstanda da BAQ elding sayasy ómirin janartuda aldynghy orynda bolyp, jetekshi ról atqardy. Ártýrli kózqarastardyng minberi, búqaranyng ýni bolu arqyly BAQ jana sayasy qozghalystar men partiyalardyng payda boluyna eleuli yqpal etti. Búl BAQ naryghyndaghy damudyng ýshinishi kezeni bolatyn. Dәl osynday ýrdis Majarstan, Chehiya, Polisha sekildi elderde әrtýrli dengeyde jogharydaghyday jýrilgen edi.

Atalmysh jaylardyng bәri Qazaqstanda tәuelsiz baspasózding payda boluyna iygi yqpal etkenimen bostandyqtyng túraqtanuyna, qalyptasqan ýrdisting ary qaray qarqyndy jýriluine senimdi tetik bola almady.                                         Keyde merzimdi baspasózde úsaq-týiekti dabyraytugha, últtyq sanany laylaugha tyrysushylyqtyng boy kórsetui sóz bostandyghyn jeke mýddege paydalanudy kózdeuden tughan әreketter bolatyn. Tarihta kim bolghany beymәlim «batyrlardy», «danyshpandardy» dәripteushilik, qazirgi kýni kózi tiri bireulerdi de jer-kókke syighyzbay, jón-josyqsyz madaqtau, tipti tabyndyrugha tyrysushylyq beleng aldy.

Keybir jurnalister biylik iyelerining dau-damaylaryna, kýres-qayshylyqtaryna silteytin qolshoqparyna ainalghany da bar. Múnyng bәri ainalyp kelgende, BAQ damuyndaghy jana betbúrystyng bastauy edi. Nәtiyjesinde, kóptegen gazetter is qyzmetterin ózgertip, janartty, keybiri júmystaryn birjolata toqtatty. Al, memlekettik nysandaghy gazet-jurnaldardyng taralymy azaydy. Ondaghan jurnalister әrtýrli sebepterge baylanysty óz kәsipterinen qol ýzuge mәjbýr boldy.

Ózderining bayyrghy sayasattary men baghyttarynan ýzildi-kesildi bas tartqan gazet, jurnaldar naryq ekonomikasyna, jana jaghdaygha, zaman talabyna beyimdelip, is qyzmetterin janalaugha belsendi qadam jasady. BAQ jýiesindegi aumaly-tókpeli jaghday jurnalist mamandaryn irikteu sayasatyna da eleuli yqpal etti. Jana jaghdaygha layyq tyng serpinmen, ozyq iydeyamen, janasha tәsilmen júmys isteytin, tәuelsiz baspasóz mamandary talap etile bastady. Jurnalist dayarlaytyn joghary oqu oryndarynyng sany 26-gha jetken kezi boldy. Keyin azayghannyng ózinde búl san 17-18 - den týspedi. Barlyq oblys ortalyqtary men keybir shaghyn qalalardaghy oqu oryndarynyng ózi jurnalist dayarlaugha tyrysularynyng saldarynan sapasyz, qazirgi jurnalistikanyng talaptaryna jauap bere almaytyn BAQ qyzmetkerlerining kóbengine әser etip otyr.

Materialdyq bazalary syn kótermeytin, dәris oqityn mamandary jetkiliksiz uniyversiytetterde jurnalistika bólimderi men fakulitet ashyluy onsyz da jaghdayy mәz emes qazaq jurnalistikasynyng ahualyn tipti auyrlatyp jiberdi. Desek te, uaqyt syny, naryqtyng qatal zany bәrin ózine layyq oryndaryna qoya bastaghan jalpy ýrdis alda jurnalist dayarlaytyn JOO-dy da ainalyp ótpesi anyq.

Naryqtyq ekonomika qatynasynyng jetistigi men kemshiligi BAQ mazmúnymen tikeley baylanysty ekendigin erekshe atap aitqan jón. Ol ýshin ótkennen sabaq aludyng artyqtyghy joq. Aytalyq, totalitar qoghamdaghy BAQ súrghylt madaq pen qúrghaq aqparatpen júrtty mezi etip, joqshylyqty, kedeyshilikti maghynasyz nasihattauynyng saldarynan jurnalistikanyng bedelin týsirgeni belgili. Olay bolsa, halyq arasynda «ash ta jap» dep atalyp ketken birer iri taralymdy gazet tura sol toqyrau kezenindegi jýrisinen janylmay brejnevtik qalpyna qayta týsti. Olardyng jaghympazdana dәripteuge sóz tappay  «siz bireu, qalghanymyz tireu» dep jyrlaghan әuenderi býginning ózinde әzil әngimening túzdyghyna ainalyp ýlgerdi. Onday jaramsaq gazetting biylikke qanday yqpaly bolmaq.

Qazirgi aqparat naryghy BAQ jýiesin, onyng qúrylymyn uaqyt talabyna say ózgertudi talap etip otyr jәne onyng ózi jurnalistikanyng bolashaghyn anyqtaushy, sheshushi faktor ekendigi anyq. Qoghamdyq oi, pikirding kýshti qaruy bolyp tabylatyn BAQ kimning qolynda boluy kerek degen saualgha jauap izdegende memleket, ýkimetting monopoliyalyq qúqyghyn shekteu, tәuelsiz baspasózdi shynayy mazmúnyna say damytu dep qana qarau jetkiliksiz. Ony Qazaqstan jurnalistikasynyng bolashyghymen tyghyz baylanystyrudyng manyzy zor.

Qazirgi Qazaqstan radio, televiziyasy shygharmashylyghynyng mazmúny men sapasy jaghynan merzimdi baspasózben bәsekelesetin jaghdaygha jete alghan joq. Soghan qaramastan biylik gazetten góri televiziya baghdarlamalaryna kóbirek baqylau jasaugha tyrysady. Alayda, múnyng ózi uaqytsha qúbylys. Jalpy BAQ-qa baqylau jasau ýshin tyrysushylyqtyng ózi biylik ýshin kýresting shynayy kórinisi. Múnday kýres songhy jyldary birshama kýsh alyp keledi. Partiya jetekshileri, ýkimet biyleushileri belgili bir baspasóz, aqparat úiymyn óz iydeologiyasynyng qúraly etkisi keledi. Óz mýddesin, kózqarasyn BAQ arqyly qorghatugha, ony óz sayasatyn nasihattaytyn minber etuge tyrysady. Osynday qyzu bәsekeles túsynda baspasóz bostandyghy mәselesin kim dúrys әri tiyimdi kótere biledi sol ghana aqparat naryghynda ózining layyqty ornyn taba alady. Alayda, búl mәselening dәl qazir onaylyqpen sheshile qoymasyn qazaq jurnalistikasynyng býgingi tandaghy damu keskin-kelbeti anyq kórsetude.

Qazaqstanda shynayy BAQ monopoliyasy qashan bolady, Europanyng postsosialistik elderi - Majarstan, Polisha, Chehiyanyng aqparat naryghyndaghy sekildi shet eldik iri media-konsernder Qazaqstangha enuge mýddeli me? Býginde Shyghys Europa media naryghynyng teng jartysynyng shet eldik investorlarynyng qúzyryna qarasty ekeni belgili. Attary әlemge әigili Herst, Shpringer, Bertelisman, Markar konsernderi búrynghy kommunistik partiyalardyng tandauly baspasózin, kýndelikti gazettermen qatar keybir jergilikti basylymdardy da әldeqashan satyp alghan.

Qazirgi Qazaqstan baspasózi, aqparaty naryghynda jogharyda atalghan ýrdis dendep enip ketpese de shet eldik BAQ yqpaly belgili dengeyde angharylyp otyr. Onyng naqty mysaly retinde qazaq-orys, qazaq-týrik birlesken baspasózdi, «31 arnanyn» reseylik «STS»-ke aksiyasyn beruin atap aitugha bolady. «Karavan» aksionerlik qoghamy birneshe basylymdy qatar shygharugha, elding aqparat naryghynda óz monopoliyasyn jasaugha tyrysyp jýr. Alayda, múnyng bәri tek bastama ghana ekenin úmytpauymyz kerek.

Býgingi tanda  keybir tәuelsiz basylymdar búqaranyng sanasyna memlekttik jәne iri sayasy partiyalardyng gazetterinen artyq yqpal ete alatynyn angharu qiyn emes. BAQ-tyng sany artyp, olardyng 80 payyzy memlekettik emes nysanda boluy azat jurnalistika jayynda optimistik oigha jetelegenimen onyng tek sandyq kórsetkish ghana ekendigin esten shygharmauymyz qajet. Eger oghan BAQ qyzmetin, maqalalar men efir baghdarlamalarynyng mazmúnyna ýkimet tarapynan jәne sayasi, biznes toptarynan kórsetiletin tikeley, janama týrdegi qysymdardy qossaq, mýlde basqasha kóriniske tap bolamyz.

Balama aqparat taratqan baspasózding jurnalisteri týrli qysymdargha úshyrap kelgeni jasyryn emes. Olardyng arasynda soqqygha jyghyldary, tútqyngha alynyp, qylmys is qozghalghandary, bas bostandyqtarynan aiyrylghandary bar. Kózqarasy ýshin qysymgha úshyraghandardyng arasynda jurnalist Altynbek Sәrsenbayúlynyn   tapsyryspen óltirilui - tәuelsiz qazaq baspasózi tarihyndaghy eng auyr qasiret bolyp otyr.

Barlyq BAQ-tyng seksen payyzy memlekettik emes nysanda degen resmy derekti moyyndaugha bolar edi, eger olar derbes tirshilik etip jatsa. Alayda, onyng iri sayasi, biznes toptarynyng iyeliginde, yaghni, memleket qarauynan shyghyp qaltaly, әl-auhaty myqty, qolynda biyligi bar adamdardyng qúzyryna ótken BAQ ekendikterin eskeruge tiyispiz. Qazaqstandaghy iri biznes ýkimetpen tyghyz baylanysty ghana jasalatyny eshkimge qúpiya emes. Olay bolsa, memlekettik emes BAQ degenimizding ózi shyn mәninde ýkimetting baqylauyndaghylardan esh aiyrmasy joq nysan bolyp shyghady. Oblystarda tәuelsiz baspasóz atauly qalmaghan. Pavlodar, Qaraghandy qalalarynda búryn shygharylyp kelgen tәuelsiz baghytyndaghy gazetter býginde týgeldey jabylghan. Ol az bolghanday Qaraghandydaghy «Sana», «Soroka» sekildi tәuelsiz gazetterge jergilikti biylikten búryn oblystyq gazettegi óz әriptesteri shýiligip, tezirek jabyluyna mýddeli bolghan.

Býginde is jýzinde jergilikti biylik iyeleri menshik nysanyna qaramastan barlyq baspasózdi qatang baqylaydy. Ondaghy jurnalisterding shygharmashylyq bostandyghy mýlde syn kótermeydi. Al, Astana men Almatydaghy jaghday kósh ilgeri. Onda ózgelermen salystyrghanda BAQ san jaghynan kóp. Biznes, ekonomikalyq әrtýrli toptardyng baspasóz salasyna qarjy qúnggha keng mýmkindikteri bar.

Taghy bir nazar audararlyq jayt - qazaq jurnalisteri ózderin qorghaugha dәrmensiz jәne onyng qúyqtyq negizderin, jay-japsaryn bile bermeydi. Sonday-aq, jurnalister kýsh biriktirip, yntymaqtasa almay otyr. Osynyng ózi resmy biylikting astamshyldyghyna, bilgenin isteulerine  mýmkindik berumen qatar jurnalistikany әsirese, tәuelsiz baspasózdi mensinbeuine jol ashatyn birden bir faktor. Jurnalisterding әleumettik jaghdaylary tómen, jalaqylary az bolghandyqtan qaltalylargha kiriptarlyghy basym, tipti baylardyng soyylyn soghugha deyin iytermeleytin jayy bar.

Oppozisiyalyq gazetter Qazaqstanda sayasy jýie qataldandy, bir otbasy biyligi shekten shyghyp barady dep syngha aluda. Qalay bolghanda da eng bastysy jurnalisterding sanasyn oyatu arqyly tәuelsiz baspasózding manyzdylyghyn, asa qúndy ruhany baylyq ekenin jalpy júrtqa týsindiruding mәni zor bolmaq. Oghan jurnalisterding kәsiby biliktiligi, shygharmashylyq qabilettilikteri men tәjiriybelerining róli aitarlyqtay. Ókinishke qaray qazaq jurnalisterining sheberlikteri, tyng kórinisterdi sezinu, janasha oilau qabiletteri talapqa say kelmey otyr. Tәuelsiz baspasózdi damytugha túsau bolyp otyrghan taghy bir faktor osy.

Qazaqstan jurnalister odaghy, ózge de kәsiby úiymdar jurnalisterding mýddesin qorghaugha, olardy qoldaugha, kómektesuge kelgende әlsizdik tanytyp otyr. Sonymen qatar Qazaqstannyng BAQ jýiesinde qúqyqtyq qolayy orta qalyptasqan joq. Qazirgi qoldanystaghy zang aktilerdi jetildiru qajettiligi ómirden tuyndauda. Alayda, ýkimet sheneunikterining balama aqparat taratatyn tәuelsiz baspasózdi túnshyqtyrugha baryn salyp kirisuleri olardyng jalpy shyndyqtan, BAQ-tan ólerdey qorqatyndyqtaryn bildirse kerek. Búl - jurnalistika ýshin quanarlyq jaghday. Tәuelsiz baspasóz resmy biylikke yqpal ete alady, qozghalyssyz qatyp-senip qalghan burokratiyanyng ózin jyly ornynan túrghyzady eken.

Qazaqstan - Dýniyejýzi baspasóz bostandyghy komiytetining әr jyldaghy esebinde әlemdegi tәuelsiz baspasózi joq elderding aldynghy qatarynda túrghanymen tәuelsiz derbes BAQ-ty damytugha, jurnalister qauymnyng baspasóz bostandyghy ýshin kýreste kýsh biriktiruge degen talpynystardyn, alghashqy qadamdardyng jasalyp jatqanyn joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy.

«Abay-aqparat»