Qoghamda týrli diny aghymdardyng tóniregindegi  pikirtalastar, dauly әngimeler tolastar emes. Qoldanystaghy zang boyynsha azamattardyng diny tandauy erkin bolghandyqtan da uaqyt ótken sayyn diny kózqarastar qayshylyghy shyrmauyqqa ainalyp keledi. Mәselening aq-qarasyn ajyratudy oqyrmannyng ózine qaldyryp, Abay.kz o bastaghy ózining beytarap baghytynan tanbaghany ayan.

Ótken joly Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasynyng sopylyq aghym turasyndaghy pәtuasyn bergen bolatynbyz. (http://old.abai.kz/content/zikirshiler-turaly-muftiyattyn-petuasy ) Redaksiyamyzgha mýftiyattyng pәtuasyna qatysty Zikiriya Jandarbekting maqalasy kelip týsti. Búl maqalany da nazarlarynyzgha úsynyp otyrmyz.

«Abay-aqparat»

Qoghamda týrli diny aghymdardyng tóniregindegi  pikirtalastar, dauly әngimeler tolastar emes. Qoldanystaghy zang boyynsha azamattardyng diny tandauy erkin bolghandyqtan da uaqyt ótken sayyn diny kózqarastar qayshylyghy shyrmauyqqa ainalyp keledi. Mәselening aq-qarasyn ajyratudy oqyrmannyng ózine qaldyryp, Abay.kz o bastaghy ózining beytarap baghytynan tanbaghany ayan.

Ótken joly Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasynyng sopylyq aghym turasyndaghy pәtuasyn bergen bolatynbyz. (http://old.abai.kz/content/zikirshiler-turaly-muftiyattyn-petuasy ) Redaksiyamyzgha mýftiyattyng pәtuasyna qatysty Zikiriya Jandarbekting maqalasy kelip týsti. Búl maqalany da nazarlarynyzgha úsynyp otyrmyz.

«Abay-aqparat»

Qazaqstan Músylmandary diny Basqarmasynyng «Abay kz» saytynda jariyalanghan «zikirshiler» turaly pәtuasy Diny basqarmanyng diny baghyt-baghdaryn tolyq kórsetip berdi.  Diny basqarma «din tazalyghy» degen jeleumen qazaq halqynyng san ghasyr boyyna ózining ruhany bolmysynyng ózegi etken sopylyq joldy - Yasauy jolyn joqqa shygharyp otyr. Sopylyqqa qarsy shyghu qazaq halqyn ruhani, mәdeny bolmysyn joqqa shygharu ekendigin Diny basqarma ókilderi týsinbeydi emes, týsinedi. Týsine otyryp, qazaq halqynyng diny tanymyn ózgertu arqyly onyng san ghasyr boyyna jighan ruhani, mәdeny qúndylyqtaryn  birtindep halyq sanasynan shay sayasatyn sanaly týrde jýrgizip keledi. Búl qazaq halqyn tarih sahnasynan ketiretin qaterli baghyt ekendigin QMDB basshylary týsinbeydi dep aita almaymyn. Óitkeni din - kez-kelgen halyqtyng ruhany dýniyesi men mәdeniyetining ózegi. Halyqtyng әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýri sol dinning ynghayyna qaray jasalady. Din ózgerse olar da ózgeredi. Dinnen tys mәdeniyet te, salt-dәstýr de bolmaydy. Kerek dese bir dinning ishindegi әr týrli aghymdar arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyq halyqtyng etnikalyq bet-beynesin ózgertuge kýshi jetedi. Oghan dәleldi úzaqtan izdep qajeti joq. Týrki halyqtarynyng songhy myng jyl ishinde jýrip ótken joly oghan dәlel bola alady. Búl mәsele jóninde songhy jyldary respublikalyq baspasóz betinde jariyalanghan maqalalarymda aitqan bolatynmyn. Endi býgin sol aitylghandardy taghy da qaytalap, naqtylap aitudyng qajettigi tuyp otyr. Óitkeni, qazirgi kýni Elimizde jýrip jatqan ruhany prosester Qazaq halqy ózining jýrip ótken ruhany tarihynan habarsyz ekendigin kórsetip berdi. Al, ruhany dýniyesin malynan da, janynan da artyq sanaghan «Malym janymnyng sadaghasy, janym arymnyng sadaghasy» degen qazaq siyaqty halyq ýshin búl asa qauipti prosess ekeni aitpasa da týsinikti. Ókinishke oray, jetpis jyldyq ateistik tәrbie halqymyzdy dinnen habarsyz etkeni, aq pen qarany ajyratugha  shamasyn keltirmey qoyghany da shyndyq. Osyny paydalanghan shet eldik dindarlar elimizge, islamnan tys aghymdardy qospaghannyng ózinde, әrtýrli baghyttaghy islam aghymdaryn әkelgenin kózimiz kórip otyr. Auzynda Allasy, qolynda Qúrany bolghansyn  alghashynda olardy qazaqtyng qúshaq jaya qarsy alghany da ras. Býgin sol aghymdar qazaq halqy ýshin asa qauipti  faktorgha ainalyp otyrghanyna bәrimiz kuәmiz. Búl qalyptasqan jaghdaydyng eldi ertengi kýni qandy qyrghyngha úshyratary, olay bolmaghan kýnde qazaqty ózining ruhani, mәdeny derbestiginen aiyryp, әrtýrli etnikalyq topqa jikteri anyq. Óitkeni, syrttan kelgen diny aghymdar qazaq halqynyng ruhany dýniyesi men mәdeny múrasyn ertengi kýni qajet etpeydi. Qajetsiz, ziyandy dýnie retinde syrtqa teuip, qoldanystan shygharyp tastaydy. Ony qazir syrttan din ýirenip kelgen «әsire músylman» moldalar men diny oqymystylar mysalynan kórip jýrmiz. Onyng ornyna ózderine ynghayly, qazaq ýshin jat mәdeniyet pen dәstýrdi qalyptastyrady. Basqasha aitqanda, qazaq halqy eshqanday soghyssyz, qantógissiz tarih sahnasynan ketedi. Egerde býgingi kýni qazaq halqy es jiyp, etegin jappasa, ózining ruhani, mәdeny derbestigin saqtap qalmasa, tarihtyng solay ýkim shyghararyna mening imanym kәmil. Óitkeni, biz múnday qatelikti tarihta birneshe ret qaytalaghan halyqpyz.

Qazirgi qazaq qoghamy diny senimi jaghynan qanshama toptargha jiktelip otyr. Ásirese, uahhabiylik baghyttaghy diny aghymdardyn, atap aitqanda, salafiyler, takfirler, jihadshylar, tablighy jamaghat t.b. yqpaly kýn sanap artyp kele jatqany jasyryn emes. Olardyng yqpalyna týsken jastar arasynda ekstremistik pighyldaghylar sany da kýn sanap artyp keledi. Salafiyler yqpalyna týsip, «jihadqa» attanghan janaózendik bes jetkinshekting Daghystangha baryp qúrban bolghany baspasóz betterinde jariyalandy. Elimizding batys oblystarynda diny ahualdyng kýrdeli ekendigin osydan birneshe jyl búryn Atyrau, Aktóbe, Batys Qazaqstan oblystarynda jýrgizilgen zertteu júmystary kezinde tolyq dәleledengen bolatyn. Osynday jaghday endi elimizding Ontýstik oblystarynda da qalyptasyp keledi. Egerde búl mәseleni sheshuge memleket tarapynan pәrmendi sharalar qoldanylmasa, ertengi kýni Ózbekstan nemes Tәjikstan siyaqty memleketter basynan ótkergen dinaralyq qaqtyghystardy biz de basymyzdan keshiruimiz mýmkin. Osy jerde elimizdegi diny ahualdyng búlay kýrdelenuine kim kinәli  degen zandy súraq tuady. Búghan eng aldymen QMDB jauapty dep aitugha tolyq negiz bar. Óitkeni, QMDB uahhabiylik aghym yqpalynyng kýn sanap ósip kele jatqanyn kórmedi emes, kórdi. Kóp jaghdayda kórmegen synay tanytty nemese tikeley jәrdem berdi. Sonday oqighanyng birining  tikeley kuәsi ózim boldym. Ol 2004 jyldyng sonynda Almaty oblysy Eskeldi audanynda bolghan edi. Audannyng búrynghy imamy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini men salt-dәstýrine saqtaugha kóp mәn beretin. Diny basqarma «Sen Ismatulla qaridyng sonyna erdin» - dep, kinә taghyp, jergilikti halyqtyng qarsylyghyna qaramay ornynan aldy. Ornyna salafiylik baghyttaghy, Shymkenttegi «Qazaq-arab» uniyversiytetin bitirgen jigitti әkelip otyrghyzdy. Ol imam Qarabúlaq halqynyng bes payyzy ghana músylman. Qalghany dinde joq degen pәtua shyghardy. Onyng aitqandary sol kezde jergilikti halyqty qorlaghanmen birdey boldy. Múnday «tazalau» býkil Almaty oblysy boyynsha jýrdi desek artyq aitpaymyz. QMDB-nyng osynday «belsendiligi» nәtiyjesinde elimizding kóptegen jeri uahhabiylik iydeologiya yqpalyna týsip otyr. Búl qazaq halqyn qayda aparuy mýmkin? Búl diny iydeologiyany qabyldau qazaq halqyna ne beredi? Ony osy uahhabiylik baghytty qoldap jýrgen jastarmen pikir alysar bolsanyz tolyq kóziniz jetedi. Olar «Áuliyege baru, әruaqtardy syilau Allahqa serik qosu bolyp tabylady. Ólgenderge Qúran oqu dúrys emes. Kisi qaytys bolghanda beriletin «jetisi», «qyrqy», «jyly» degender dinde joq. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy eshqanday әulie emes. Sopylyq islamda joq, dinge qosylghan janalyq. Sondyqtan búl jolda jýrgenderding barlyghy kýnәhar. Músylman emes» - dep dәleldep beredi. «Au, sonda bizding ata-babamyz aqmaq pa? Álde músylman bolmaghan ba? - dep dau aitsanyz, «Qúrannyng aitqanymen jýresing be, әlde ata-babannyng jolymen jýresing be? - dep ózine qarsy súraq qoyady. «Sonda mening qazaqtyghymnan ne qalady?- desen, «Islamda últ joq» -dep jauap beredi. Jalpy uahhabiylik iydeologiya sonyna ergen jastar sanasynan qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny qúndylyqtarynyng shayylyp ketkenin kóruge bolady. Kerek deseniz, Otanyna degen qúrmet joq. Birde talbighy jamaghat óklderining birimen súbattasyp otyryp, «Payghambarymyzdyng «Otandy sýng imannan» degen hadiysi bar. Sender nege búghan qarsy shyghasyndar» - degen saual qoydym. Ol maghan «Mynau Otan ba? Búl - kәpirstan. Búny tek órteu kerek» - degen jauap aldym. Jalpy uahhabiylik uaghyzgha moyynúsynyp, sol joldy qabyldaghan jastardyng kópshiliginde osynday pighyl qalyptasqan. Osy kezge deyin QMDB búlardyng barlyghyna kózdi júma qarap keldi. Jaghday ushyghyp, halyq arasynda narazylyq kýsheye bastaghan song ghana «biz hanafy mazhabynanbyz» - deytin boldy. Al, músylman halyqtarynyng 53% hanafy mazhabynda. Alayda, qazaq halqynyng osy kóp halyqtyng ishinde ózindik ereksheligin qamtamasyz etken qay jol ekendigi aitylmaydy.   QMDB-nyng múnday baghyt ústanuyna ne sebep boldy? Búl súraqqa jauap beru asa qiyn emes. Basty sebep - QMDB mamandarynyng qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynan mýlde habarsyzdyghy nemese dinning qoghamda rolining qanshalyqty zor ekendigin sezinbeui. Sezine túryp qazaq halqyna ózge aghymdardy taratugha әreket etken bolsa, onda búl qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn mýlde joygha baghyttalghan әreketi. Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyyna tútynyp kelgen dәstýrli dini qaysy? - degen súraqqa QMDB tarapynan әli kýnge eshkim jauap izdep kórgen joq. Kerisinshe, qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn qorghap jýrgen azamattar «halyq jauy» retinde qughyngha úshyratyldy. Baspasóz betinde pikir aituyna tiym salyndy. Múnyng barlyghy - QMDB-nyng osy kýnge deyin qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini men diny tanymyna, mәdeniyetine qarsy әreket etip kelgenin kórsetedi.

Endigi kezekte qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini qaysy degen súraqqa jauap berip kórelik.  «Dәstýrli islam» degenimiz ne, mazhab degenimiz ne? Onyng islam qoghamynda atqarghan roli qanday? Mazhabtardyng bir-birinen aiyrmashylyghy nede? Sopylyq tariqattardyng mazhabtarmen qanday baylanysy bar? Dәstýrli qazaq qoghamyndaghy islam dinining ómir sýru formasy qaysy, ol qazaq qoghamynda qanday roli atqardy?- degen súraqtargha jauap berilmeyinshe, elimizdegi islam dinining qazirgi kezendegi jaghdayyna taldau jasau, dúrys baghytty anyqtau  mýmkin emes. Qazaq halqynyng diny tanymynyng ózegi bolghan yasauiya tariqaty  hanafy mazhaby shenberinde qyzmet etip, sol mazhabtyng qúramdas bóligi boldy. Sopylyq tariqattardyng payda boluy әr halyqtyng ózining dәstýrli mәdeny ereksheligin saqtap qalugha nemese islam sharighaty negizinde qayta qalyptastyrugha mýmkindik berdi. Sonymen birge, qoghamdyq qatynastardy retteu men salt-dәstýrde sharighat joly emes, tariqat jolyna basymdyq berildi. Qazaq halqynyng mәdeniyeti, әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýri Yasauy joly, Yasauy ilimi negizinde qalyptasty. Memlekettik jýiesining ózi osy Yasauy jolynyng tarmaqtarymen tikeley baylanysty boldy. Bizding halqymyzdyng tarihtaghy jenisi de, jenilisi de osy Yasauy jolynyng yqpalynyng artuyna nemese qúldyrauyna tikeley tәueldi boldy. Yasauy ilimining yqpaly artyp, kýsh alghan kezende týrki dýniyesi ózining sharyqtau shegine jetti. Yasauy ilimi shetke qaghylyp, memlekettik jýieden ysyrylghan kezde týrki halyqtary etnikalyq jikteluge týsip, ózara qyrqysyp memlekettiligin kýiretti. Altyn Orda memleketining ydyrauy, Ózbek úlysynyng ýshke bólinui, Qazaq handyghynyng kýireui Yasauy jolynyng memlekettik iydeologiyadan shetke ysyryluymen tikeley baylanysty. Qazaq halqy tarih sahnasyna jeke halyq etip shygharghan, ruhani, mәdeny birligin qalyptastyrghan, qazaq halqynyng taralu aimaghynyng shekarasyn anyqtaghan da osy Yasauy joly bolatyn. Sol sebepti, qazaq halqy ózining kiyeli mekeni retinde Týrkistandy, Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding jatqan jerin tanydy. Aqyrghy sapargha attanghanda qazaqtyng iygi jaqsylary ózderin osy jerge, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy kesenesine jerleudi amanat etti. Qazirgi qazaq halqynyng tarihyndaghy eleuli orny bar túlghalardyng kópshiligi osy Týrkistan topyraghynda jatyr. Búl da qazaq halqynyng ruhany ordasy qaysy ekenin kórsetetin basty faktordyng biri. Ókinishke oray, songhy jyldary Qoja Ahmet Yasauy de, onyng ilimi de «әsire islamshyldar» tarapynan ayausyz soqqy kórude.    Búl bizding tarihtan sabaq almaghanymyzdy, óz tәuelsizdigimizdi alyp jeke el bolghanda ata-babalarymyz jibergen qatelikti taghy da qaytalap otyrghanymyzdy kórsetedi.  Sol sebepti, QMDB-nyng qazirgi baghyty qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysyna qarsy, qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny tútastyghyn ydyratatyn baghyt retinde moyyndaluy tiyis. QMDB júmysynyng baghyt-baghary tez arada ózgertilip, qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan dәstýrli dinine bet búruy kerek. Oghan kóp dayyndyqtyng keregi joq. Eng bastysy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyna qarsy jýrgizilip jatqan uaghyzdargha tiym salynyp, onyng ornyna qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini men mәdeniyetin nasihattau kerek. Yasauy ilimining qazaq halqy tarihyndaghy, filosofilyq dýniyetanymyn qalyptastyrudaghy  orny ghylymy túrghydan tolyq dәledengen deuge tolyq negiz bar. Búl baghyttaghy zertteu júmystary әli jalghasyn tabuda.  Ol ýshin QMDB-nyng basqaru apparaty men shet elden oqyp kelip, qazaqtyng dәstýrli dinine qarsy shyghyp jýrgen dindarlardan tazartyluy tiyis. Sonda ghana qazaq halqy ózining ruhany tútastyghyn qayta tabady.

Qoja Ahmet Yasauy atyndaghy HQTU-i

Arheologiya, etnografiya jәne dintanu

kafedrasynyng dosenti, t.gh.k.

Zikiriya Jandarbek