Auyldaghy sharualardyng mún-múqtajyn kim sheshedi?
Qazaqstan halqynyng 40 payyzy auylda túrady. Auyl túrghyndarynyng 80 payyzdan astamy - qazaq. Olar negizinen auyl sharuashylyghymen shúghyldanady. Demek, auyldaghy sharualarynyng múny týptep kelgende - qazaqtyng múny.
Qazaqstan auylynda auyl sharuashylyq ónimderin auylda óndeu mýmkindigi joq. Auyl túrghyndarynyng negizgi kirisi tek mal sharuashylyghy men egin sharuashylyghynyng tabighy ónimderin óndirumen shekteledi.
Býgingi kýnde auyl túrghyndarynyng kóbining iyeliginde mal jayatyn jaylym, egin egetin jer joq. Auyl sharuashylyq jerleri tórt-bes baydyng (sharua qojalyqtarynyn) iyeliginde. Qazir búl az sandy baylar barghan sayyn kóp jer iyelenip, toyymsyzdyqqa ketip bara jatsa, kóp sandy auyl túrghyndary kedeylikting qamytyn myqtap kiude. Búl Qazaqstandaghy barlyq auylgha tәn ortaq jaghday.
Auyl túrghyndarynyn búl basty problemasy әdette auylda gaz joq, taza auyz su, sapaly emdeu, internet joq degen mәselelerding tasasynda qalyp kelgen edi. 2016 jyly bastalghan jer dauy, jer dauyn sheshu ýshin qúrylghan jer komiissiyasy búl problemany ashyqqa shyghardy. Biyl auyldaghy auyl sharuashylyq jerler az sandy adamdardyng jeke menshigine ótip ketpeui ýshin, auyl sharuashylyq jerlerin jeke menshikke beruge bes jyl marotoriy jariyalandy.
Auyldaghy auyl sharuashylyq jerlerin at tóbelindey baylardyng iyemdenip, qara sharuanyng jersiz qaluy Qazaqstannyng damuymen sayasy ornyqtylyghyna ýlken әser etetin manyzdy qoghamdyq mәsele. Áleumettik problema.
Qazir auyl sharualary oyandy. Ár auylda jer dauy shyghyp jatyr. Jergilikti әr dәrejeli biyliktegiler búl mәselege qalay qaraydy?.. Sharualar jer mәselesin qalay sheshudi talap etip jatyr? Biz búl mәselege óz betimizshe taldau jasap kórdik.
Almaty oblysy, Eskeldi audany, Qaynarly auyly 500 otbasy 2000-nan astam jan sany bar, qazaqy auyl. Búl auyldaghy auyl sharuashylyq jeri Cherkashina Zinaida bastaghan sanauly ghana baylardyng qolynda. Búl Cherkashina Zinaida iygeretin jer jyl sayyn kóbeyip keledi. Auyldaghy mal tabyny jayylatyn jer barghan sayyn tarylyp ketti. Auyl túrghyndarynyng kóbinde egistik shappalyq jer joq. Auyl túrghyndarynyng qolyndaghy az maldy baghu barghan sayyn qiyndaghan. Jaghdaydyng mәjbýrleuimen auyldaghy kózi ashyq, halyqshyl jigitterding bastamasymen shabyndyq jer, jaylymdyq jer mәselesi boyynsha baylardyng alghan jer telimderinen jeri joq auyl túrghyndaryna ýlestirip beru úsynysy jergilikti biylikke qoyyldy. 17.06.2021 jyl auyl túrghyndary auyldyq mәdeniyet ýiining aulasynda audannyng orynbasar әkimining qatysuymen jogharydaghy talaptar boyynsha kezdesu boldy. Bas qosudyng qorytyndysynda audannan arnauly komissiya qúrylyp búl mәselege jauap beretin boldy.
Eskeldi audannyng orynbasar әkimi, auylsharuashylyq bólim bastyghy, audandyq jer qatynastary bólimining bastyghy bastaghan atalmysh komissiya 22.06.2021 jyly Qaynarly auylyna keldi. Auyl túrghyndary auyldyq mәdeniyet ýiining aulasyna jinaldy. Komissiya auyldaghy belsendi túrghyndarmen betpe-bet kezdeskisi kelmedi. San týrli syltau aityldy. Auyl túrghyndary komiissiya men betpe-bet kezdesudi talap etti. Osydan song ghana mәdeniyet ýiinin jinalys zalynda auyl túrghyndary men komissiya mýshelerining kezdesui boldy. Auyl túrghyndary bir-birlep aldygha shyghyp, aryz-talaptaryn ortagha qoydy. Búl kezdesudi komissiya aryz-talaptardy «tekseremiz, qaraymyz» degen kәnigi qalyptasqan jauappen qútyldy.
Osydan keyin komissiya mýsheleri auyl tabynynyng jayylymdyq jerin kóruge qyratqa shyqty. Auyl ómiri, malsharuashylyghynan habary azdau audandyq auylsharuashylyq bólim jauaptysy mal tabyny jayylatyn jerdi kórgen «tabynydyq jerleriniz nedegen ken» dep tanqaldy. Auyl tabynyn baghyp jýrgen jigit: «myna egindik arasymen eki jýzdey siyrdy qalay aidap ótuge bolady? Myna jer osydan eki jyl búryn aq jatqan bolatyn, byltyrdan bastap Cherkashina Zinaida degen qojayyn aghashtardy qoparyp, jerdi keneytip, egin saldy. Oghan aghashtardy júlugha kim qúqyq berdi? Jerdi qalay aldy? Jeri jetpey jatyr ma, biz kýn kórmeymiz be», dedi. Komissiya mýsheleri onyng sózin tyndamady. Bir auyl túrghyny auyl әkimine: «Siz tabyndy eki kýn óziniz baghyp kórinizshi. Jan -jaghy egistikpen qorshalghan tar jerde tabyndy baghugha bolatyn-bolmaytynyn bilesiz», dedi. Búl súraqqa auyl әkimi: «әkimge siyr baq deytin sen kimsin? Búl әkimdi qorlaghandyq», dep ashugha bulyqty. Tanqaldyq, «halyq ýshin qyzmet etemiz», dep sert bergen búl ataqaminerler halyqtyn tabynyn baghudy qorlau dep sezinse, búlar halyqtyng mún-múqtajyn jýregimen tyndaydy, týsinedi dep qalay aitugha bolady. Komissiya Cherkashina Zinaidanyn iygerip otyrghan jerlerinin barlyghy zandy dep aiytty. Auyl túrghyndarynyng aituynsha, ol osy auyldyng alpys payyzdan astam jerin iygerip otyr. Búl jerlerding barlyghyn zansyz jolmen zandastyrap alghan-mys. Ony anyqtap shyghu mýmkin emes.
Auyldyng bir túrghyny: «men 2014 jyly Preziydentke hat jazyp, jer súraghamyn. Auyl әkimi kelip jer joq degen. Ýiimning manayyndaghy jerler sol kezde bos jatqan bolatyn. Eki jyl boldy Cherkashina Zinaida egin salyp jýr. Sonda maghan jer joq, Cherkashina Zinaidagha jer bar, búny qalay týsinuge bolady?», - dedi. Jauap joq. Biyl Cherkashina Zinaida auyl irgesindegi egistik jerin auyl malynan qorghau ýshin eni 1.90 metr terendigi 1.90 metr ormen alty gektar jerin qorshap qoyghan. Búl qazylghan jerler onyn iyeliginde emes. Egistik jerdi búlaysha býldiru zangha qayshy. Ekológiyany býldirgendik dep esepteledi. Cherkashina Zinaidanyng búl әreketi jer anany qorlaghandyq, auyl halqyn kózge ilmegendik. Zandy taptaghandyq. Búl auyldyng әkimi ne istep jýr? Búl súraqtar komissiya mýshelerine qoyyldy. Komiycsya mýsheleri men auyl túrghyndary qazylghan ordy baryp kórdi. Or qazdyrushy Cherkashina Zinaida da boldy. Cherkashina Zinaida ordy erten japtyramyn dedi. Auyl túrghyndary japtyrmaymyz, prokuratura kelip teksersin, zang boyynsha basqarylasyn dedi. Biraq, kelesi kýni polisiyanyn qorghauymen or jabyldy. Cherkashina Zinaida qazghysy kelgen jerdi qazdy, japqysy kelgende japty.
Cherkashina Zinaida: «Búl shudy shygharugha Janajylúly Erjan bastamashy boldy. Auyl túrghyndarynyng arasyna jik saldy. Auyl túrghyndaryn maghan qarsy shyghugha úiymdastyrdy, últaralyq arazdyq tudyrdy, júmys jasauyma kederni keltirdi», degen aryzben polisiyagha jýgingen. Polisiya Janajyl úly Erjandy tergeuge aldy.
Biz búl komissiyanyng arnauly auyl túrghyndarynyng aryz-talaptaryn tyndau ýshin at aryltyp kelip túryp, belsendi túrghyndarmen betpe-bet kezdesuge naraulyq tanytuynan, qalyptasqan syrghytpa jauaptarynan, baylargha min taqpay, auyl túrghyndaryna mysqylday qaraghan beynelerinen, búl komissiyanyng mәseleni sheshuge emes, auyl túrghyndarynyng mysyn basyp, betin qaytarugha kelgenin bildik. Biz búl auyldaghy eng ýlken sharua qojalyq - Cherkashina Zinaida qojalyghynyng jәy japsaryna taldau jasap kórdik.
Búl sharua qojalyghynda 2500 gektar egistik jer, 2000 gektar shabystyq jer, 1500 gektar jayylymdyq jer bar eken. Búl jerler auyldyng auyl sharuashylyq jerlerining alpys payyzdan astamyn qúraydy. Búl jerding kadastrlik qúramy jýzden astam pay ýleskerlerining jer telimderinen, sharua qojalyghy otbasyndaghy әrbir mýshening atyndaghy jer telim ýlesterinen, konkurs arqyly alghan jer telimderinen qúralghan. Elimizde jer telimderin ýlestiru konkursy nening kunkóris ekenin barlyghymyzgha týsinikti. Búl sharua qojalyghynyng qarmaghyndaghy barlyq jer telimderi qaramaqqa zandy.
«Men Qaynarly auylynyng túrghynymyn. Mening aitayyndegenim jer men pay mәselesi. Mening kóship kelgenime 4 jyl. 5 million tengege 3 ýidi ornymen, payymen satyp alghanmyn. Birinshi jyly Cherkashina Zinaida «sen satyp alypsyng jerdi, payyng bizde» dep maghan tiyesili shóp pen arpany berdi. 3 paygha 3 tonna arpa, 390 týk shóp berdi. Al kelesi jyly Cherkashina Zinaidanyng úly kelip endi maghan pay berilmeytinin aitty. Sebebi búl kisiler qújat jasap alghan eken. Qaynarly auylynyng shetindegi jazyq dalanyng bәrin ózi iyemdenip alghan. Ne maldy, ne adamdy attatpaydy. Mal týsse shtraf salady. Adamdardyng bәri malyn jayatyn jer tappay, aqsha tólep jaylaugha jiberuge mәjbýr boldy. Qos siyr alyp, auylda kәsibindi dóngelet degen Elbasynyng tapsyrmasy qayda qaldy? Neshe siyr baghyp otyrsa da sýtke jarymay otyrghan halyq ashynbaghanda qaytedi», - deydi Sanat myrza (Minber sayytynan).
Búl auylda alghashqy jer telimderin bóliske salu 1991 jyly boldy. Búl kezde kóptegen adamdar bir janyn baghudyng qamynda jýrdi, olar jerdi iygeruge qauqarsyz edi. Basy qatqan júrt nan izdep qalagha ýdire kóshti. Orystar Reseyge qonys audardy. Cherkashina Zinaida siyaqty baylar osy kezde oraydy tiyimdi paydalandy, auyldyng bos qalghan jerin menshik iyelerimen kelisip, jer telimderining paydalanu qúqyghyn satyp aldy. Sharua qojalyq iyeleri óz atyna nemese senimdi adamdarynyng atyna qújattyn jasatty. Kóriniste esh zang búzushylyq joq, bәri jeke túlghanyng kelisimen jasalghan. Sharua qojalyq konkurs arqyly jerdi imdendi.
Qazaqstannyng auyldaghy sharua qojalyqtary derliktey joghardaghyday joldarmen bar tirligin zandastyryp alghan. Búl zandastyrugha elimizdi jaylaghan jemqorlyq ýlken jol ashqan. Kimnen kóru kerek? Sharua qojalyqtarynan ba, әlde solqyldyq zannan ba?..
Cherkashina Zinaida sharu qojalyghynda jýzden astam adamnyng pay ýlesteri bar. Bir pay ýleskerinde bes gektar egistik jer, tórt gektargha juyq shappalyqjer, bir jarym gektar jayylymdyq jer bar. Egistik jerine arpa egedi. Bir paydyng bes gaktar egistik jerinen bir jylda jirma beste, otyz bes tonna arpa orady. Qojalyq ýleskerlerge biylgha deyin bes gaktar egistik jeri ýshin jylyna bir tonna arpa berip keldi. Shappalyq tórt gektargha juyq jerden on bes sent shóp shabylady. Ýleskerlerge jýz otyz týp shóp beredi. Qojalyqtyng ónimning elude-elu boyynsha esep jasasatyn ýleskerleri de bar. Olardyng kim ekenin aitpasaq ta týsinikti dep oilaymyn. Jaylymdyq jer ýshin ýleskerlerge eshtene bermeydi.
Qaynarly auyldyghyndaghy búl qojayyn tek sharua qojalyghynyng qojayyny emes, auyl әkimining әmiri oghan jýrmeydi. Eger sózi ótse jerdi betaldy qazghyzbas edi.
Cherkashina Zinaida jәne Eskeldi audanyndaghy Hilyshiyenke dep atalatyn sharua qojayyny turaly el auzynda: «Búlar Elbasy N.Nazarbaevpen qarym-qatynasy jaqsy. Elbasymyz búlardy qoldaydy, qorghaydy eken. Búlargha qarsy túryp eshtene jasay almaysyn» degen әngime jeldey esedi.
Qazir atalmysh Qaynarly auyldyghyndaghy belsendi Janajylúly Erjan, Qaripoldanov Sanat, Bekenúly Shalqa qatarly azamattar Cherkashina Zinaidadan qysym kórude. Búl qojayyn shópti jergilikti túrghyndargha satpay qoydy. Ásirese joghardaghy belsendiler men olardyng artynan ergenderge mýlde bermeydi. Ádilin aitar tóreshisi joq, qorghansyz búqaranyng kórer kýni osy boldy. Audan әkimi ózim baryp mәselelerindi shesheip berem dep aiytqanyna apta aunady. Shóp shabylyp boldy. Jarylqaytyn әkim joq. Auyl maly shópsiz qaldy. Auyl túrghyndary aqshagha shóp taba almay sarsangha týsti. Cherkashina Zinaida bar shópti syrtqa satty. Qylyshyn sýiretip qys kele jatyr. Búl auyl halqynyng maly qysta ne jeydi? El aman, júrt tynyshta baylarmen atqa minerlerding qysymynan halyq tayaq jeude. Halyqtyng ýnine qúlaq asatyn ýkimet qayda?
Biz búl retki oqighany ózek ete otyryp, auyldaghy sharualardyng hal jaghdayyna zertteu jasau arqyly tómendegidey mәselelerdi tanyp jettik.
Auylda jer naryghy qalyptaspaghan. Búnyng birden-bir sebebi - sharua qojalyqtarynyng auyldaghy jerdi monopoliyalap aluy. Áset, Almasbek Sadyrbay aitqanday jerding jeke menshikke berilmeuinen emes. Atalmysh Qaynarly auylyndaghy Cherkashina Zinaida sharua qojalyghynda ýleskerlerge beriletin tólemnin óte tómen ekendigin, әdiletsiz ekendigin aittyq. Búnyng basty sebebi - búl auylda ýleskerlerge maghan qosylyndar, men Cherkashina Zinaidadan da artyq ýles berem deytin ekinshi bir bәsekeles sharua qojalyghy joq. Ýleskerlerde óz ýlesimdegi jerdi kim kóp payda berse soghan berem dep aitatyn qúqyq (zanda qarastyrylghan) mýmkindigi de joq. Búnday qúqyqty ýleskerlerding qyryq toghyz jyldyq jaldau menshik qúqyn bir jolata satyp alu arqyly joq qylghan. Ýleskerlerde paydany ghana kózdeytin sana da joq. Óitkeni jer naryghy qalyptaspaghan jerde ýles jerinen týser paydany salystyra almaydy, sezine almaydy. Sezingenderdi týrli jolmen janyshtaydy. Monopolia kýsh alghan jerde jeke túlghalardyn ekonomikalyq erkindigi shekteledi. Búnday erkindik bәsekening alghy sharty. Bәseke joq jerde naryqtyq ekonomika damymaydy. Biz naryqtyq ekonomikany jolgha qoyghanymyzgha otyz jyl bolsada, auylda әli de jeke túlghalardyng ekonomikalyq erkindigi zandy kepildik beretin qúqyqtyq baza qalyptastyra almaptyq.
Biylikting qaynary halyqgh dep Ata Zangha jazghanymyzben, auyl túrghyndarynda biylikke aralasatyn eshqanday jol joq. Auyl túrghyndary óz jerlerin ózderi bóliske salugha da qatyspaydy. Auyldyng jerin audandaghy komissiya konkurs arqyly sheshedi. Óz auylyndaghy jerdi kim, qalay alghandyghyn bilugede qaqy joq. Auyl halqyn eshqanday sheneunik kózge ilmeydi. Búl otyz jylda jemqorlyqty damytyp, jergilikti ózin-ózi basqaru inistiutyn damytpaghanymyzdyn, demokratiagha mәn bermegenimizdin saldary.
Qazir auyl túrghyndary sharua qojalyqtarynyng ýstinen biylikge aryz aityp jene almasyn bildi. Zansyzdyqty bile túrsa da, sottasyp jenuding mýmkin emestigin týsindi. Býgingi kýni sharualar biz auylda túryp, ózimizdin az malymyzdy aqsha tólep baqtyryp, jem shópti satyp alyp jýre beruimiz kerek pe? Ádildik qayda, tendik qayda, auyl da tirlikti týzer jol bar ma? degen súraqtarmen bas qatyryp, daghdaryp shyghar jol izdeude. Shyghar jol bireu-aq. Ol - jerdi jalgha beruding qyryq toghyz jyldyq meriziminin ayaaqtaluyn tospay, auyldaghy auyl sharuashylyq jerlerin bir tútas qaytalay bóliske salu.
Barlyghymyzgha týsinikti dep oilaymyn. Elimizde әdil sot joq, jemqor biylik bar. Shenneunikter búqaranyng mýddesin qorghaushylar emes, baylardyn soyylyn soghushy advokattargha ainalyp ketken. Auylda Cherkashina Zinaidalar jergilikti biylikge qanday yqpal etip, sózin ótkizip, әmirin jýrgizip otyrsa, jogharghy biylikte oligahtar men latifundister sonday yqpal etip, әmirin jýrgizip otyr. Áyitpese, Auyl sharualarynyng jerge qatysty búl mәseleleri 2016 jyly qúrylghan memlekettik jer komissiyasynda ashyqqa shyqpas edi. Auyl manayyndaghy jaylymdyq jerlerdi auyl túrghyndarynyng ortaq paydalanuyna qaytaru turaly, jer kadastryn ashyq kórsetu qatarly halyqqa tiyimdi qararlar qabyldanghan. Bes jylda osy baghyt boyynsha jibi týzu bir júmys atqarylmapty. Onyng ýstine ortaq jayylym auyl túrghyndarynyng mәselesin sheshpeydi. Auyldaghy әr sharuanyng jeke iyeliginde egindik, shappalyq jeri bolu kerek. Búl talapty oryndaugha býgingi biylik qauqarsyz. Búny oryndatugha halyqtyng qahary ghana qauqarly. Halyq osy jolmen ghana biylikti aiytqanyna kóndire alady. Halyqtyn ýnine qúlaq asatyn memleket qalyptastyramyz degen búl biylik sharualardyng mún-múqtajyn negizge alyp, jer reforasyn jýrgizip, sharualargha jerdi teng bólip berse, bórkimizdi aspangha atar edik.Áy qaydam?!
Auyl túrghyndary oyanu kerek. Qazir el men jer ýshin alandaghan qogham qayratkerleri, qazaq últshyldary týrli qoghamdyq úiymdar men qozghalystar qúrdy. Búl úiymdar auyl halqynyng problamasyn zertteui, auyl halqyn oyatugha kýsh saluy kerek.
Aghybay Ákbarúly,
Erjan Janajylúly
Abai.kz