Býgingi qazaq balalar әdebiyetin qalay damytamyz? Jetken jetistikterimiz qanday? Ketken olqylyqtar qanday? Osy saual tónireginde belgili balalar jazushysy Zәure Tórehanmen әngimelesken edik.

– Siz balalargha arnalghan birneshe kitap jazdynyz, oqyrman qalay qabyldap jatyr, negizi qazirgi jas oqyrmandar qanday shygharmalardy únatady?

– Ár zamanda ózining ótimdi bir әdeby janry bolady emes pe, bizding zamanda fentezy janry asa ýlken súranysta. Ózime de búl janr bala kezimnen únaghandyqtan, men osy janrdy tandadym. «Ámina Túrannyng kóshpendiler eline sayahaty», «Aysha jәne Ýy pirleri», «Kýiekóbelekter shahary» atty kitaptarym, «Úly dala eli. Jaryq pen týnek» komiksim – bәri osy janrda jazylghan. Birinshi kitabym shyqqanyna biyl 6 jyldan assa da, әrtýrli ónirlerde túratyn oqyrmandarym túraqty týrde hat jazyp, alghystaryn, súraqtaryn qoyyp otyrady.

Býgingi kýni әleumettik jelilerding dәureni bolyp jatqandyqtan, jas oqyrmandarda kliptik sana myqtap damyghan. Balalar kirpish kitap oqudy únatpaydy, olardyng kónilin alghashqy bes minutta audara almasan, ary qaray kitabyndy oqyp ketui neghaybyl. Ashylu ssenasy qyzyqsyz, týsinuge qiyn bolsa, bala kitapty tastap ketedi. Kitap oqyp ýirenu daghdysy velosiyped tebudi ýiretumen ten, ata-ana búl daghdyny balanyng sanasy kirer-kirmesten qalyptastyra beru kerek. Al uaqyt ótip ketse, kitap oqudy komiks kitaptarynan bastaghan jón, sebebi suretti kitaptar «ishki kinoteatry» júmys istemeytin balagha qiyaldy damytugha kómektesedi.

– Siz balalargha arnap shygharma jazyp otyrghanda, ózinizge qanday jauapkershilik jýkteysiz?

– Árbir jazushy jazushylyq sheberligin ómir boyy shyndap otyru kerek, boldym, toldym, bәrin bilemin degen jazushy ózin shekteydi, sebebi ómir әrdayym ózgeriste, damuda bolady. Ómirding qyrlary san aluan, ony býge-shegesine deyin zerttegen, bәrin biletin adam joq, ol tek qúdaydyng enshisinde. Sondyqtan ózining shygharmasyn jazbas búryn әrbir jazushy әbden dayyndalady, «ýy júmysyn» isteydi, taqyrypty barynsha zertteydi, sol salanyng kәsiby mamandarymen aqyldasady, súhbat jýrgizedi, sodan song baryp, oilanyp, tolghanyp, ózining aitaryn kórkem tilmen, sujettik jelimen, keyipkerdi jan-jaqty ashu arqyly jetkizedi. Men de solay isteymin, kitaptarymdy shygharmas búryn psiholog mamandargha, fokus gruppagha oqytqyzamyn, redaktorlarmen iyq tiresip júmys isteymin, pikirlerin tyndap alamyn, sheteldik tәjiriybeni qoldanamyn, eger aitylghan pikiri dúrys bolsa, mәtinge týzetu engizemin, key jerlerin júmsartyp, key jerlerin tolyqtyramyn. Búl júmystardyng bәri adamdy sharshatyp, tozdyratyny anyq, biraq shygharma onay jazyla salmaydy, oqyrman aldyndaghy jauapkershilik óte joghary bolu kerek.

– Meninshe, balalar әdebiyetine qiyal men fantaziya, ýilesim men shymyrlyq kerek. Óz shygharmalarynyzdy jazghanda qiyalgha qanshalyqty erik beresiz?

– Mening shygharmalarymnyng ereksheligi sol, olar erkin qiyalgha negizdelse de, qatang qúrylym boyynsha jazylady, әrbir sujettik nýkte belgili bir bette túrady. Búl qúrylymdar storiytelling zandylyqtaryna arqa sýieydi. Suret salu óneri fantaziya men geometriyagha ýilesimdigine qalay negizdelse, shygharma jazghan kezde de tura solay, matematikalyq naqtylyq, analiz ben til baylyghyng arqyly qiyaldy úshtastyra bilu óz aldyna bir óner. Álbette, bes sausaq birdey emes, jazushylar da solay, әrkimning ózining damu dengeyi, sanasy, oiy, tәjiriybesi bar, sondyqtan әrbir qalamgerding shygharmasy ózining ishki jan-dýniyesinin, әlemining kórinisi bolyp tabylady. Mening shygharmalarym da dәl solay, mening sanamnyng jәne beysanamnyng tuyndysy.

– Balalargha arnalghan kitaptardyng qazir ótimi qanday?

– Álemdik naryqty alatyn bolsaq, balalar әdebiyeti eng ýlken súranysqa ie industriyalardyng biri. Qazaqstandaghy balalar kitaptarynyng satylymy qanday ekenin naqty aita almaymyn, alayda mening estuimshe asa bir keremet dengeyde emes, ony baspalardyng qiyn qarjylyq jaghdayyna qarap, bilip otyrmyz. Sol sebepti, memleketti basqaryp otyrghan azamattargha aitarym, baspalardyng balalargha arnap shygharyp jýrgen az ghana kitaptaryn qosymsha qún salyghynan (QQS) bosatuyn qarastyrudy qsynamyn, sonda ghana ol kitaptar ata-analargha qol jetimdi bolady. Shetelderde, mәselen Meksika, Braziliya, Germaniya siyaqty elderding ýkimetteri jergilikti baspalardy qoldau maqsatynda olardyng kitaptaryn satyp alyp, ay sayyn qarjylyq jadayy tómen otbasylardyng balalaryna poshta arqyly bir-bir kitaptan jiberip otyrady. Osynday tәjiriybeni bizding elde de engizu kerek dep oilaymyn.

– Alda qanday shygharmalar jazu josparyndasyz? Balalardy qanday shygharmalarmen quantasyz?

– Shygharmashylyq josparlarym bar, alayda olardy jýzege asyru ýshin kitaptardy shygharatyn baspalar bolu kerek, al baspalardyng kóbisi QQS ósuine baylanysty ózderining júmystaryn jalghastyrudy toqtatamyz ba dep otyr, demek búl otandyq avtorlardyng da oqyrmandaryna jol tabuyn әbden qiyndata týsetini anyq. Osynday jaghdayda kýn kóremiz be, shygharmashylyqpen ainalysamyz ba, búl ýlken súraq. Byltyr jazylyp, dayyn túrghan keybir kitaptarymdy basyp shygharu týgil, baspalardan mardymdy qalamaqy alu múng bolyp túr.

– Sizshe qazaq әdebiyetining Hәrry Potteri qashan jazylady?

– Hәrry Potterding myqty jarnamasy ol kitapty әlemge tanymal etti. Qazaq qalamgerlerine jetispeytini de, sol kitaptarynyng jarnamasy. Eger memleket osy mәseleni qolgha alsa, núr ýstine núr bolar edi, sebebi jeke biznes jarnamagha aqshalaryn shyghara almaydy, olar tek memlekettik tapsyrysty alyp, kitap shygharumen әlek. Keybir baspalardyng kitaptyng taghdyryna salghyrt qaraytyny sonday, tipti qalamgerlerge qalamaqy tóleuding ornyna, kitabyn qolyna ústata saludan basqa sharuasy joq. Jarnama jaghyn tipti esine de almaydy, sebebi ol budjette qarastyrylmaghan. Al qalamgerler jeke brendin qalyptastyryp, ózin jarnamalaugha uaqyty da, qauqary da, qarajaty da jetpeydi. Árkimning shygharmashylyqtan bólek negizgi júmysy bar, otbasy, bala-shaghasyn asyrau bar, shygharmasyn týn úiqysyn bólip, jazatyndyqtan, әleu jelilerge shyghugha uaqyty da, kýshi de jetpeydi. Ómir osynday kýibeng tirlikpen ótedi de ketedi, әleumettik jelilerdegi posttar bir kýn bolmasa, bir kýn joyylady, al shygharmalar jazylyp, oqyrman kerek etkenshe sheyin adamzat balasynyng altyn qazynasy bolyp qala bermek. Demek, qazaqtyng Hәrry Potteri jazylyp, oqyrmanyna jetu ýshin de jaghday jasalu manyzdy.

– Sizderding salada saqtalghan qanday mәseleler bar jәne ony sheshu joldary qalay?

– Búl turaly pikirimdi egjey-tegjeyli jogharydaghy jauaptarymda bildirdim. Qorytyndylap aitatyn bolsam, birinshiden, baspalardyng shygharatyn balalar kitabyna QQS alyp tastau qajet, ol salyqtan keletin aqsha mardymsyz jәne budjetti toltyra almasy anyq, biraq óskeleng úrpaqqa berer jaqsylyghy mol. Balalar kitapty oqysyn desek, ol kitaptardyng baghasyn barynsha qol jetimdi etuimiz kerek. Ekinshiden, balalargha arnalghan kitaptardy jazatyn qalamgerlerge jarnama jasau mәselesin de qarastyrghan jón, yaghny budjette kitap shygharu qarajatynan bólek, onyng jarnamasyn jasaugha da qarajat qarastyrghan jón. Ol kitaptardyng qúqyghyn memleket bes jylgha ústap qalmay, kitap shyqqan boyda kitaphanalardan bólek naryqqa shygharu mehanizmin qarastyru kerek. Ýshinshiden, qalamgerlerding qalamaqy dengeyine nazar audaru kerek. Jazushylar shygharmasyn jazu ýshin jyldar boyy enbektenedi, al nәtiyjesinde alatyn qalamaqysy bir ailyq shaylyghyna da jetpeydi. Búl mәselede memeleketting de, baspalardyng da sayasaty syn kótermeydi. Memleket belgilegen eng tómengi qalamaqy dengeyi degen mәsele baspalargha zang boluy tiyis, royaltiyding 90%, tipti 100% baspalardyng qaltasyna týsedi, ol da qalamgerding shygharmashylyghyna keri әser etedi. Búl salada әdiletti zandar jәne sheshimder shyghuy kerek.

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