Onyng esimi 19 ghasyrdyng eng úly zertteushilerining qatarynda, al Uәlihanovtyng Ortalyq Aziyany zertteuge qosqan ýlesi әli kýnge deyin әlemdik ghylymy qauymdastyq tarapynan moyyndaluda. Shoqan Uәlihanovty «dala kózi» jәne «órkeniyetter arasyndaghy kópir» dep ataydy. Býgingi tanda, eki ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt ótkennen keyin, onyng múrasy әli de tiri jәne ózekti bolyp qala beredi.

Shoqan Uәlihanov (1835–1865) - Qostanay oblysyndaghy Qúsmúryn bekinisining janyndaghy Kýntemis aimaghynda dýniyege kelgen qazaq shyghystanushysy, etnografy jәne ofiyseri. Uәlihanov әlemge әigili alghashqy qazaq zertteushisi boldy: ol týrki halyqtarynyng mәdeniyetin zerttedi, Ortalyq Aziya kartalaryn jasady jәne Qashqargha qúpiya ekspedisiyany basqardy, búl ghylymy zertteuler ýshin manyzdy derekkózge ainaldy. Uәlihanov aghartushylyq pen ghylymy batyldyqtyng simvolyna ainaldy, býginge deyin zerttelip, baghalanatyn múra qaldyrdy.

Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng Qazaqstan men Ortalyq Aziya tarihyndaghy manyzy orasan zor. Ol tariyh, etnografiya, geografiya, lingvistika, shyghystanu, әskery ister jәne ekologiya siyaqty kóptegen salalarda júmys istegen ghalym jәne filosof boldy.

Ol týrki halyqtarynyng mәdeniyetin, dinin jәne әdet-ghúryptaryn zertteude tereng iz qaldyrdy, «Manas» eposyn sipattady jәne qazaq shejiresi, sayasaty jәne dala qúrylymy turaly qúndy aqparat berdi. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng enbekteri kólemi jaghynan qysqa, biraq tanqalarlyqtay jan-jaqty - әrbir shygharma ózining dәldigi men analitikalyq tәsilimen erekshelenedi. Búl әskery adamnyn, ýlken jauapkershilik pen tәrtipti adamnyng stiyli.

Shoqan Uәlihanov tek ghalym ghana emes, sonymen qatar kәsiby ofiyser de boldy. Ol Sibir kadet korpusyn bitirip, general-gubernatordyng apparatynda qyzmet etti. Ol orys tilinen arab jәne shaghatay tilderine deyin birneshe tildi mengergen. Ol Shyghys pen Batys arasyndaghy kópirge ainaldy, әlemge qazaq mәdeniyetining terendigin ashty. Onyng talantyn zamandastary: Potaniyn, Prjevaliskiy, Semenov-Tyani-Shanskiy, sonday-aq ony «dala maqtanyshy» dep ataghan Fedor Dostoevskiy joghary baghalady. Al onyng Qashqargha anyzgha ainalghan missiyasyn detektivtik romanmen salystyrugha bolady.

19 ghasyrdyng ortasynda Ortalyq Aziya Resey men Britan imperiyasy arasyndaghy bәsekelestik arenasyna ainaldy. Qashqar europalyqtar ýshin jabyq boldy. Qauipsizdik nemese diplomatiyalyq qorghanyssyz jalghan atpen Uәlihanov aimaqqa enip, sayasi, geografiyalyq jәne mәdeny manyzdy aqparat jinady. Búl ghylymy erlik jәne halyqaralyq barlau operasiyasy boldy. Uәlihanovtyng materialdary aimaqtyng shekaralaryn anyqtau ýshin, sonyng ishinde keyinirek Qazaqstan men Qytay shekaralaryn belgileu ýshin paydalanyldy.

Shoqan Uәlihanov berik azamattyq ústanymdy kórsetti jәne eshqashan әdiletsizdikke jol bermedi. Ol óz betinshe basqarugha nemese jymqyrugha jol bermedi jәne burokratiyany ashyq syngha aldy. Áskery qolbasshy Týrkistannyng qasiyetti jerlerine oq atugha búiryq bergende, Uәlihanov narazylyq bildirip, basqa ofiyserlermen birge otstavkagha ketti. Ol: «Aldymen men óz halqymnyng úlymyn, sodan keyin memleketting azamatymyn, sodan keyin ghana ofiysermin», - dedi.

Onyng hattary men kýndelikteri gumanizm men adamdargha, olardyng shyghu tegine nemese senimine qaramastan, qúrmet kórsetedi. Ol halyqaralyq jәne tolerantty boldy, búl onyng múrasyn býgingi kýni de ózekti etedi. Jastardyng Uәlihanovqa degen qyzyghushylyghyn zamanauy formattar: mulitiymediyalyq jobalar, ekspedisiya marshruttarynyng interaktivti kartalary, derekti filimder jәne kórkem filimder arqyly arttyru qajet jәne manyzdy. Ásirese, qazir, aqparat ghasyry damyghan sayyn, adamdarda bilimderin keneytuge kóbirek mýmkindikter bar.

Shoqan Uәlihanov – ýlgili jas kóshbasshy, patriot, ghalym jәne zertteushi. Ol bilimge, tәrtipke jәne keng jәne erkin oilaugha degen qyzyghushylyghymen shabyttandyrady. Onyng joly qazaqtyng әlemdik dengeydegi ghalym jәne oishyl bola alatynyn kórsetedi. Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng tarihy – shytyrman oqigha, detektivtik әngime jәne ghylymy drama. Ony aiqyn jәne zamanauy týrde bayandau qajet. Onyng 200 jyldyghy jaqyn arada keledi – biz oghan qazir dayyndaluymyz kerek.

Oblys ortalyghynda eskertkish qajet bolatyny sózsiz. 200 jyldyq mereytoy jaqyndap qaldy, sondyqtan dayyndyq júmystaryn mýmkindiginshe tezirek bastau kerek. Qazaqstannyng osy kórnekti úly jәne úly ghalymynyng ómiri men qyzmeti turaly derekti filimderdi týsiru, halyqaralyq jәne últtyq ghylymy konferensiyalar ótkizu kerek dep oilaymyz.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

Abai.kz