Qazir taptauryn bolghan sózderdi týrlendirip ózgeshe aitatyn adamgha «qiyal, qiyalshan» degen laqap birden tanyluy mýmkin. Biraq, osynday jasampaz adamdy sókken, sanasy tayaz adam babalarynyng alaulaghan asqaq sezimge ie bolghanyn, olardyng kóptegen sózderdi modernizm baghytynda tudyrghanyn bilse ghoy!

Modernizm Qazaqqa janadan kelgen joq, atamzamannan bar. Tek otarshyldyq kezenderde modern sóileu damymay qalyp, jana sózder jasalmay, toqyrap, tozyp qalghan ruhany adamdarymyz aqyrynda osynday erekshe sóz qoldansanyz jat kórip, jaqtyrmaytyn kezeng tuyndady.

XIX ghasyrdyng sony men XX ghasyrdyng basynda әdebiyette payda bolghan janasha maghynagha iye, qalyptasqan tildik normalardan auytqyghan sózder modernistik sózderding tobyn qalyptastyrdy. Búl sózderding toby janashyldyqty, tosyndyqty, sezim men sana aghynyn, qoghamnyng taptauryn týsinikterine qarsylyqty bildiredi.

Modernistik sózderding ereksheligi:

• Qalyptasqan sózderge jana maghyna beru.
• Neologizmder (janadan jasalghan sózder) qoldanu.
• Simvolizm, ekspressionizm, futurizm siyaqty aghymdargha tәn sóz órnekteri.
• Qarapayym, kýndelikti tilden tys, kýrdeli, astarly maghynalar.
• Sana aghymynda qoldanylatyn, ishki monologqa negizdelgen sózder.

Modernistik prozagha tәn stili «Sana aghymyn» qalyptastyrghan. Múnda sózder keyde retsiz, logikasyz kórinedi. Biraq, ishki logikasy bar.

Roman janrynyng damuy men tabighatyn zertteytin Mihail Bahtinnyng «Dialogtyq qiyal: Tórt esse (The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays)» degen enbegi bar edi. Bahtinning «geteroglossiya» úghymy – bir mәtinning ishinde әrtýrli әleumettik jәne iydeyalyq dauystardyng qatar ómir sýruin bildiredi. Avtor romandy qoghamdaghy til men oy aluandyghyn jetkizuding biregey týri dep sipattaydy. Modernistik til turaly tónkerip jazatyn kitaptardyng biri osy.

Tildik abstraksiya, beyneli sózder, parodiya men tipografiyalyq eksperiymentter turaly sóz qozghaytyn, Tomas Eliot, Gertruda Stayn, Ezra Paund, Djeyms Djoys syndy modernist jazushylardyng tilmen jasaghan tәjiriybelerin taldaytyn Djekob Korgting ««Qazirgi әdebiyettegi til: Janashyldyq pen tәjiriybe (Language in Modern Literature: Innovation and Experiment)» degen kitabyn auyzgha almay ótu mýmkin emes.

Modernistik óner men әdebiyetti jahandyq túrghyda týsinuge arnalghan jana terminder men úghymdardy Erik Hayot pen Rebekka Uokovisting redaksiyalauyndaghy «Ghalamdyq modernizmge arnalghan jana sózdik (A New Vocabulary for Global Modernism)» kitabynan qaray alamyz. Kitap modernizmdi tek Batys janashyldyghy retinde emes, әlemdik qúbylys retinde qarastyrady. Jergilikti әdebiyetter men әlem әdebiyetining ózara baylanysyn, әdebiyetter arasyndaghy kópbaghytty yqpaldastyqty zertteydi.

Biz «XIX ghasyrdyng sonynan bastap payda boldy» deytin modernistik aghymnyng tyng belesi bolghan, HH ghasyrdaghy әdeby modernizmning qalyptasuyndaghy til men nәsildik elementterding yqpaly qarastyrylghan Maykl Norttyng «Modernizm dialektisi: Nәsil, til jәne HH ghasyr әdebiyeti (The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language, and Twentieth-Century Literature)» enbeginde Maykl Nort jazushylardyng ózderin «basqa últ ókili» retinde elestetui men basqa dialektilerge(sóileu tiline) elikteu arqyly әdeby tilde janashyl tәsilder qoldanghanyn kórsetetin.

1. «Qystyng kózi – qyrauda»

Kishkentay ghana qyrau men qylaudy bilesiz. Qazan aiynyng 10~15 terindegi Boqyrauda bopaygha(at qúmalaghy) qyrau túrghanda, biz qys jayly habar alamyz. Qarashada qabaghymyzgha da qyrau qatyp ýlgeredi. Osy kishkentay ghana qyraudy qazaqtyng «Qystyng kózi – qyrauda» dep tәmsildeui realistik, qarapayym ómir sózi emes, modernistik talghamdaghy adamdardyng sózi.

AQSh aqyny Mery Oliyver(1935~2019) qystyng qyraudy kóz etkenin «aq kózderimen bútaqtardyng arasyn tintip shyghyp» dep jyrlaytyny bar, «Aq kózder(White-Eyes)» degen óleninde tonazyp otyryp:

With its white eyes

shoves and pushes

among the branches.

2. «Kózden búlbúl úshty»

Jaz dәurendi qazaq "búlbúl dәuren" dep baghalaydy. Kózinde balqyghan baqytty kýndering ketse, múny qazaq «kózden búlbúl úshty» dep sóileydi. Kózden búlbúl dәurenin úshyru da qazaqtyng jalpylyq qoldanysynan týspeytin modernistik sózi bolyp tabylady.

Djon Bliyven Morinnyng «Búlbúlym, ýnindi býlkildet(Sing Soft The Nightingale)» degen ólenining songhy 6 shumaghy:

«Tau búlaghy keketetin búlbúldy:

– Ásem qúsym,

Ghajap qúsym,

Múnsyzym.

Qys kelgende jerge eshtene taba almay,

Bolarsyn-au ýnsizim.

Biraq, búlbúl jazben birge ketti úshyp...» dep ayaqtalady.

Saith the rushing brooklet on its way,

“Oh, thou beauteous bird,

Thou wondrous bird,

Thou foolish bird,

For when comes the winter

Thou shalt find naught to eat.”

But the nightingale flew away.

Morin da jazben birge úshyp ketken búlbúldyng kózden úshqan jaz dәurendey ekenin bayqatyp ótedi. Qalamy úiyqtamaytyn qalamgerler dýniyening nәziktigi men júmbaghyn әrqashan qazaqtyng modernistik sózderin tudyrghan izgi adamdarymen qatar oilaghan eken.

3. «Auzy múrnynan shyghu»

Qorys-qopa bolyp qoqsyp jatqan ýidi qazaq «auyzy múrnynan shyghyp jatyr» deydi. Pikassonyng «jylaghan әiel(The Weeping Woman)» degen suretinde keyipkerding múrnyn auzynan, kóz jasyn sýrtetin shyt siyaqty shygharyp qoyghanyn kóremiz. Bos qalghan múrnynyng orny kóz jasyn syghatyn shyttyng bir bólshegine ainalyp qalghan.

4. «Qalauyn tapsang qar janady»

Qar jana ma? Aq týiirshik suyqta qaltylday úshyp tizenizge qonbay ma? Ol qalay janady? Alayda, qazaqtyng sózi óte otty. Qazaq «qalauyn tapsang qar janady» dep mýmkin bolmaytyn nәrse joq ekenin aityp úrpaqty qanattandyrady. Óz úrpaghyn qanattandyryp modernistik sózben ghasyrlar boyy balghyn jýrekterdi emdep kelgen qazaq, búrynnan janasha oilaghandardyng jarqyn sózderin esepke alyp, kemsitpey, baghy mandayynan bayqalghandardy baghalay bilgen.

Prachy Agravaldyng «Janyp túrghan qar(The Burning Snow)» degen tórt shumaqpen tolysqan ólenining songhy shumaghyn "janghan qarmen" ayaqtatatyny bar.

«Eshtene de bermender, eshtene de almandar,

Gýldendiredi әlemdi aq qauashaq armandar.

Inju-marjan sekildi qalyp jatyr ýiilip,

Jýreginning týkpirinde janghan qar.

They blossom your world

Not expecting anything

They shine like a beautiful pearl

But deep in the core of their heart

They are the burning snow.

«Kóz baylandy»

Shofy Ahmedting «Kózi baylanghan qara ai(Blindfolded black moon)» degen qysqa óleninde:

«Men aidy búlqyntyp keudemde,

Kóz núryn sordym-au, shermende.

Soqyr bolghan qara aidan,

Ajyray almay týn terbelgen.

Kýn kózin bosata almay qarayghan –

Kózi baylanghan qara aidan» deydi.

I only took the moon, veiled in my cube;

I drew her innate water off – but not for good.

Now the sun can’t take its eyes

off the blindfolded black moon!

Off this night, the sunup is yet to unleash –

the dawn, let alone the tucked-away noon!

Tannyng habaryn tappay qalghan, aisyz, núrsyz qara týndegi jaghdaydy aidyng kózi baylanghanymen týsindiredi.

Qazaq kýn batqan song qaranghy týskende, búl mezette «kóz baylandy» deydi. Qanday túnyq modern sóz edi búl! Qaranghy týsken uaqytty kózding syrtynan tanylyp baylanghan sәtimen teng kóru – aqynnyng әdemi obrazdauymen ten.

6. Qayghygha batu degeniniz – Qúigha batu, qayyghy batu

Natanieli Filbrikting «Tenizding jýreginde: Esseks kit aulau kemesining tragediyasy(In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex)» kitabynda, Rebekka Solnittyng «Tozaqta salynghan júmaq: Apat kezinde payda bolatyn erekshe toptasular(A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster)» kitabynda, Devid Grann-nyng «Bәs: Keme apaty, býlik jәne kisi óltiru turaly hikaya(The Wager: A Tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny, and Murder)» kitabynda kezdesetin ortaq mәtinge nazar audarsaq, teniz arystandaryna ainalghan jihankezder "qayghygha batu" degen sózdi qúigha batu әri qayyghy batu dep týsinedi. Olardyng arasynda tanymal bolghan mynaday mәtin sony bildiredi:

«As for grief, you'll find it comes in waves. When the ship is first wrecked, you're drowning, with wreckage all around you. And all you can do is float. You find some piece of the wreckage and you hang on for a while. Maybe it's some physical thing. For a while, all you can do is float».

Múnyng qazaqshasy:

«Qayghygha keletin bolsaq, onyng tolqyndarmen birge keletinin kóresiz. Qayyghynyz apatqa úshyraghanda, siz onymen birge batyp bara jatyrsyz, ainalanyzda qayyqtyng qirandylary qalqyp jýredi. Siz jasay alatyn ólmeuding bir amaly – jýzu. Siz qayyqtyng qirandylardyng tauyp, sony sal qylyp, soghan ilinip túrasyz. Ál-dәrmeniniz bolsa birtalay uaqyt qalqyp jýre alasyz».

Álqisa, oqyrman, «qayghy» úghymynyng chuvash tuystarymyzdyng tilindegi aityluy – Huyhy, Yaghny qúi-batpaq. Qazaqtyng "qayghygha batu" degen sózdi "qúigha batu" degen sózden shygharghanyn kórip otyrsyz. Qayyghy batu, sugha gharyq bolu apaty da osy "qayghygha batu" sózimen úshtasady. Qazaqtyng "qayghygha batu" sózin jasaudyng ózinde osynday modernistik sәtti qadamdargha barghanyn kóre alamyz.

7. Ashyghan sýttey ashuyndy taratam,

Sabana týssen, minekey.

Bos saba ústap men túrmyn,

Pispegi qolda, kire ghoy!

«Ashuyndy tarqat, sabana týs!» degen sózdi ashyp ketken sýtting sabagha qúiylghan song pisilse, ashuynyng tarqauy, onyng betinen mayy alynyp, qaynatylghanda odan qúrt alynatyn jaghdayyna balamaly týrde aitqan. Biraq, adam ishinde renjigende ashy jóneletin súiyqtyqtar bar ekeni belgili. Onyng da adam denesinde toghytylyp joghalatyn saba tektes iyirimdi, pispeli orny bar.

Djeykob Hilldyng «Ashu mening jýregim men janymdy toltyrady(Anger Fills My Heart And Soul)» ólenining airansha ashyghan basqy buyndarynda, osy tarqaugha tiyisti ashudyng ózining jýregi men janyn toltyrghanyn, jan әlemin ashytyp jatqanyn aitady:

«Ashu jýregim men janymdy toltyrady,

Janymdy jep ýgimin qaltyrady.

Ashudyng tolqyny sayabyrsyghanymen,

Jýrek týbinde qyshqyl bop әli túrady.

Ishinde mәngi qalady úitqysymen,

Kýnam qúsap aiyrylmay túrdy ishimnen.

Aynalama zәharyn tógip-shashyp,

Ashy dauysyn tógedi múng kýshimen...»

Anger fills my heart and soul

Anger takes a mighty toll

Anger lessens but can never leave

Anger you hope to never receive,

Anger stays forever within

Anger acts with the might of all sin

Anger is deadly to all around

Anger gets mad at the thought of sound...

8. «Aza boyy – qaza bolu»

Ar – aq týs. «Aza boyy – qaza bolu» sózindegi «ar» sózining «az(aza)» bolyp, «qara» sózining «qaza» bolyp aitylghany sekildi, «r» dybysynyng «z» dybysmen alynuy qazaqtyng biraz sózinde úshyrasady. «Qyryl(qyrylu)» sózining «qyzyl» týspen tyghyz baylanysy, «túru» sózi men «týzu» sózining bir maghynalylyghy, «eru(eritu)» sózi men «ezu» sózi, «bordyn» týsi men «bozdyn» týsi, «búru(jaman jolgha búru)» sózi men «búzu» sózi de osynyng aighaghynday.

«Aza boyy qaza bolu» sózi – aq boyy qara bolyp, qaraly jan atanghan, ólim sәtindegi kýnirenisti jaghdaygha arnalghan. Jaqyny ólgen әielding aq denesine qara kiyim kiyip qaraly atanuy...

Zuleyha Chakanyng «Men aq bolsam shy?(What if I was white?)» dep jariyalaghan óleni:

«Not just the colour of my skin but the beauty in my soul.

If I was white, I’d finally be away from this darkness.

Darkness from the dark skin stuck to my bones like a plague, since birth» degen joldarmen tamamdalatyn. Qazaqshalasaq:

«Terimining týsi emes, janymnyng týsin de aitam shyrqyrap,

Eger, men aq bolsam týnekting týsinen qútylar ma em jyltyrap?!

Tughannan sýiegime jabysqan qara terimnen týnek búrqyrap».

Búl kisining basynda qaraly jaghday bolmasa da, ol jan dýniyesi men tәnining qara týske shyrmalghanyn aityp shaghymdanady. Kónilining agharghanyn qalaydy. "Aza boyy qaza bolyp" jyr jazghan ol endi qara boyynyng aq bolghanyn tileude.

9. Maqta bere bergenshe, baptay bersenshi!...

Maqtay beru – maqta beru. Maqtau – maqtalau, mamyqtau, astyn júmsaqtap jaghynu. Sózding týbi osydan shyghady.

Maqtany mal azyghyna azyraq qossa bolady. Maqtadan uly zat bólinetindikten kóbirek berse mal auyrady. Sol sekildi kóp maqtau da kisini auyrtady. Biz mahabbat sózderinde maqtau aitamyz, ayaulymyzdy maqtagha batyramyz.

Áytsede, nekesi búzylghan jandardyng aiyrylysuy kezinde búl mamyq sózderinen ne qalady?

Brenda Makgrattyng «Maqta shary( The Cotton Ball)» degen óleninde ol nekelengenine bir apta bolghanda, kýieuimen birge maqta alqabynyng janyna toqtap, búl baqytty, mamyq kýnderin este saqtau ýshin ekeui maqta teredi. Osy tergen maqtalary 30 jyl boyy jaqsy kýnderde de, jaman kýnderde de aqyn әielding qobdiynda saqtauly túrady. Odan keyin múny úmytyp ketedi de, ekeui ajyrasqan kezde әiel osy eskirgen maqtalardy bayqaydy. Sonda ol múny:

«After the divorce I came across the cotton ball in my things,

A symbol of a love now gone, like my wedding ring.

What do you do with a cotton ball that epitomized our bliss?

With a sigh and a tear I tossed it … moving on, and did not reminisce» dep jyrlaydy. Qazaqshalasaq:

«Ajyrasqannan keyin, maqtaugha toly maqtalarymdy bayqadym.

Neke jýzigim ispetti, sýiispenshilikting jymiysy dep múny aitamyn.

Baqytymdy beynelegen maqtalarymdy shayqadym,

Kýrsinip, kóz jasymmen dymdap bayytamyn.

Laqtyrdym taghy...

Ári qaray jyljyp, esime almadym baytaghym!»

10. Saghymgha erme!

Sofiya atymen belgili bolghan aqyn әielding «Saghym(Mirage)» óleninde:

«Kózderim jalynady:

Keshir meni!

Kimge aitty dep oilaysyng nesin, neni?

Sanamda búldyraghan saghymymsyn,

Shól múny keudesine kóshirgeni.

My eyes begged you,

Forgive me,

I know not with whom I speak,

you are but a mirage to me,

an oasis only existing

in the realm of my twisted mind.

Qoldarym jalbaryndy:

Kel, sýy meni!

Altyn qobdy injuin tóksin dedi.

Tósegimde jastyq bop túrghan qobdiy,

Ishinen injuimning ópsin demi.

My hands pleaded you,

come and love me,

show me what you have inside

that golden box,

you keep hidden behind

the headboard.

Anau ýiden jýrekti shymyldatyp –

Bir saghym әlsireydi jymyng qaghyp.

Jyljyghan jel búlaqty shymshydy ma,

Týnegine týnedim ýnim batyp?!

A light faded and

flickered

in the house across the street.

Up on the hill,

branches swayed peacefully

with the wind.

I succumbed

to your darkness.

Auyr qadam adymnyng ashty sonyn,

Shólding qúmyn búrala basty jolym.

Búlaq ýni sekildi ýn shygharghan,

Sary samal iykemdep bapty qolyn.

A path which winds

through desert sands

is no path at all,

but a choice made each moment

with each aching footstep,

the song of a stream

in the distance,

was only a breeze

passing through the air.

Búryn mening kólenkem bolghan edi,

Saghym juyp óshirgen sonda meni...

The shadow of the man

that had appeared before

was no longer there.

Sofiya apaydyng saghymmen aqyrlastyrghan saghynyshyn oqydynyz. Endi qazaqtyng "saghymgha erme", "saghyna berme" degen modernistik, qamshyday qysqa sózin qystyramyz.

"Saghyna berme" sózi – "saghymgha erme" sózining ózgeriske týsken núsqasynday әser etedi bizge.

Saghynu – shynymende, saghymgha ergen is bolyp tabylady.

Saghymnan tughan saghynysh adastyrady iyende.

Saghymgha úzaq qaraghan adamnyng boyynda tarihy nemese kisilik, tughan topyraqtyq saghynyshtar ózdiginen payda bolady. Saghynysh – saghymnan, jelik – jelden, kónildenu – kólden, buyrqanys – borannan...

11. Ýgilgening – egilgenin, egilgening – jenilgenin.

Jenilu, egilu sózi ýgilu, ýgim bolu úghymynyng kelesi dybystyq aitylymy. Al, qatty jylaudy «egilu(egilip jylady – ýgilip jylady)» dep aitatynymyz da jylaudy qúmnyng minezimen aitqanymyz. Ádemi kóz sharasynyng toqtausyz bytyraghan kóz jasymen birge ýgilip ketkeni qanday auyr!

Kennedy Musyokanyng «Qúmnyng kóz jasy(Tears Of Sand)» degen shalqymasynda «Tears of sand, they flow from the eyes of the sad face of the land, these tears i cant stand, of the gracefull land that beauty it once had, these caused by hands, the greed of the pigs they even eat ants, tears now of sand we wade through where ones we had floods(Qúmnyng jasy ghoy, móltildep jerding múndy jýzining kózinen aghyp jatyr. Men shyday almaymyn bir kezderi súlu bolghan jerding kózinen atqaqtaghan búl jasqa. O, tyrmalaghysh súm qoldar, qúmyrsqagha deyin quyryp jeytin qomaghay kózdi ashkózder, qazir biz qúmnyng seldetken kóz jasymen su tasqyny arqyly kezdesudemiz)» dep bir kidiredi.

12. Múng basu – Mýk basu

Skayler Pekting «Mýk basqan jýregindi ayalauym(To Hold Your Moss-Covered Heart)» degen ólender jinaghy bar. Múnda avtor mýk basqan jýrekti "múng basqan jýrek" retinde әldiylese, qazirgi әlemning tanymynda, emshilik kózqaras túrghysynan "janyndy múng basudy teniz mýgining iyisi emdeydi, ketiredi" degen úghym bar. Onyng qúramyndaghy joghary magniy men antioksidant múnmen kýresuge jәne kónil-kýidi jaqsartugha kómektesedi. Mýkting ózi mikrobtanudan tuatyndyqtan, búnyng ózi udy umen qaytaru, múndy mýkpen jabu degendi bildiredi.

Betindi mýk basyp múnayma, adam,

Qayyghy batyp jylay ma, adam?

Azuyndy keri tartyp azaptanbashy,

Bóriligine shyday ma, adam?

Lingvistikalyq túrghyda, «n», «ng(ngh, ng, nk)», «gh(g, k)» dybystarynyng týpkilikti túrghyda bir qyzmet atqarghanyn, bizde «n» dybysy әli payda bolmay túrghanda «gh», «g», «ng» dybystarynyng onyng ornynda túrghanyn eskere kele, osy ýrdis boyynsha «múng basu» degenimiz «mýk basu» sózinen shyqqan. Múnnyng tildik qalyptasu satysynda eski kezdegi onyng Mung(Mung) bolyp aityluy men keyingi Mung(Mún), Muk(Mýk) bolyp aitylu syndy eki núsqasy bar. Tastyng betin, dymqyl tamdardyng qabyrghasyn basyp ketetin mýkti esinizge alghan bolarsyz. Qazaq "múng basudy" – "adamnyng miyn mýk basyp ketken" jaghdaygha tenep modernistik sóz qozghaghan.

13. Kónil – Kól

«Keng kónilde keme jýzedi» dep aitady qazaq. Múnda kónildi "keng kól" retinde aidyndy sugha ainaldyryp aityp túr.

Songhy 7 jylda әdeby ortagha belgili bolghan Nil Nobldyng «Kónil kólining qúlashty jyr-yrghaqtary(Moods of a Lake and Selected Poems)» degen óleng jinaghynyng atauy da kól men kónildi toghystyryp әketetin edi.

Kónil sózi key ónirde «keuil» bolyp aitylady. Arghy tilimizde «kókil» degen núsqasy da bolghan. Qazanghaptyng ózining kónil-kýii turaly shygharghan «Kókil» kýii bar. Múnyng bәri «n» dybysy payda bolmay túrghan kezdegi «ng(ngh, ng, nk)», «gh(g, k)» dybystarynyng «n» dybysynyng ornynda qyzmet atqarghanynan. Osy boyynsha bolghanda «Kungyl(Kungiyl)» degen sózdegi «ng» dybysynyng birigip «n» dybysyna ainaluy(«kónil» bolyp) nemese osy ashalanghan kýiinde «nk» dybysy bolyp dybystaluynan(«kýnkil» bolyp) jәne múndaghy «nk» degen egizdesken dybystyng birining qalys qaluynan(«kókil» bolyp), búl eki dybystyng mýldem qaldyrylyp aituynan(«keuil» men «kól» bolyp) kónil turaly kólmen maghynalas shynayy úghymdar tiziledi. Saqa respublikasyndaghy saqa tuystarymyz kól degen sózdi «kýól» dep aityp, osy "keuil" sózine jaqyndatady.

Kónil, kókil, keuil sózderining maghynasy búl túrghyda bizge eng úghynyqty "kól" degen jalghyz sózge kelip sayady. Kónili kóterilu – kóli kóterilu. Kónili tolqu – kóli tolqu degen sóz. Osynday modernistik sózderden keyin babalarymyzdyng tapqyrlyghyna qalay tamsanbay, qalay kýlimdemey túra alasyn?!

Kóldenip kónildene bil!

«Kónildendim» sózi "kóldendim, shalqyp tasydym" degen sóz.

«Keuilim bosady» dep sóileytin key ónirding adamdary kónilining kólin bosatyp, jylap alghan sәtin aitatyn.

Tyrmysqan qolyndy bosatsan, qatayghan kóniling de bosay týsedi.

14. Maysaday yrghal masayyp jelge, masayrap.

Sharli Bodlerding «Masay(Be Drunk)» atty óleninde:

«And if sometimes, on the steps of a palace or the green grass of

a ditch, in the mournful solitude of your room, you wake again,

drunkenness already diminishing or gone, ask the wind...» degen joldar búrqap túrady. Múny qazaqshalasaq, aqyn:

«Saraydyng baspaldaghynyng basynda,

Aryqtaghy maysa – jasylda,

Bólmede ilingen múndy jalghyzdyq qasynda:

Bәrinen qúralaqan oyansan,

Masay almay deneng túr-au,

Sen jelden jeligindi súra!»

Endi, qazaqtyng sózindegi masang men jeligudi jýgendep әkeleyik:

Jana ósken balghyn shóbimiz bolghan maysanyng eki jaqqa kezek dirildep, búltalaqtap túrghan beynesi – shalqyp tasyghan, ózin biyley almay túrghan adamgha qaratylghan. Osydan "masay" jәne "masayrau" sózderi shyqqan. "Mәz boludy" da osyghan qosynyz. Sharli Bodlerding jasyl maysanyng qasynda túryp masayghysy kelgenin, mas bolghysy, mәz bolghysy kelgenin kórip otyrmyz.

15. Jelmen oinap, jelige bil,

Jeligi túrsyn qanynda.

Jeli kóp jerding adamdary arqaly keledi. Jelding shynymen adamnyng delebesin qozdyratyny bar. "Delebe", "delbe" sózderi de "jel" sózimen tuystas bolyp, "dauyl" degendi bildiredi. "Doly" degen sózimizding ózi dauyldyng minezine qaratylghan. Saqa respublikasyndaghy saqa tuystarymyz jeldi «tyal» dep ataydy. Bizding úghymymyzdaghy "dýldýl" – dauyl bop úshqan qanatty túlpar. Dauyldyng shúrqanyn «dýley» deymiz. Onyng soghuyn «alay-dýley soqty» dep.

Jelden jelik, dauyldan delbelik kelse, búghan qaraghanda adamnyng eti men terisining arasynda jel toltyrylatyn kepterding jel quystary sekildi quystar bar. Qazaq «Atpen shapqan adamnyng boyyna jelik kiredi» dep esepteydi. Osyghan jel tolghanda adam jeligedi. Ol toltyrylghan zatty jelik deydi. Jel toltyrylghan quys – delebe. Delebesi qozu – jeligu. Sharli Bodlerding "jelden jelik súraghysy keletinin, jelmen birge mastanyp, delebesi qozghanyn qalaytyn" aqyndyq asqaqtyghy jogharydaghy óleninde oryn tauyp jatyr edi.

16. Quanghanda qysyng joq, jaz bop kettin...

"Mas bolu", "masan" sózining "mәz bolumen" úshtasatyn jeri bar. Sharli Bodler «masay!» dep, «mas bol!» dep «jelden jelik súraydy».

«Mәz bolu» sózi jaz bolu sózining kelesi dybystyq aitylymy.

«Áz bolmay mәz bolmas,

Shaghala kelmey jaz bolmas» degen qystyng syzyn aqyrlastyrudy bastaytyn amal atauyna arnalghan jyr da kóp nәrseni sezdiredi. Áz amaly – aqpan aiynyng 10~15 terinde keletin amal.

Qazaq kóktemdi «jaztúrym(jazghytúrym)» dep aitady. Qyrghyzdar men tyvalar, saqalar kóktemdi «jaz», «shas», «sas» deydi. Ázerbayjandar men tatarlar bolsa kóktemdi «yaz» desedi. Hantәniri týbinen soltýstikke qúlay aghatyn Aq-Yaz ózenining Aghayaz bolyp, ontýstikke qúlay aghatyn Sary-Yaz ózenining Saryjaz ataluy da osyghan úqsaydy. Biz jyldyng suyghyn aqyrlastyratyn amaldy «Áz amaly» dep ataymyz.

Jaz sózining ysu, ystyq degen sózderden keletinin Qyrymtatarynyn, úighyrdyn, týrikting jazdy birtútas ataytyn «yaz» degen sózi týsindirip beredi. Bashqúrttyng kýn jylyy bastaghan kóktemdi «yazz» deui men bizding «Áz» sózimiz bir týiinde týidektelip túr. Ysu, ystyq úghymyna ie yssy sózindegi qosarlanghan eki «s» dybysynyng «z» bolyp aityluy osy «Áz» atauyn tudyryp otyr.

Aqpan aiyndaghy «Áz amaly» jýretin uaqytta qardyng alghash kóbesi sógilip, jer betine tamasha iyis keledi. Biz tipti qar qúrsauynan shyqpaq bolghan ermender men jusandardyng әli býr jarmasada tamasha iyis shyghara bastaytynyna kuә bolamyz.

17. Minez-qúlyqty týstermen bezendiru

Aq niyet, aq peyil, aq jýrek, aq kónil, aqjarma niyet degen sózderimizding bәrinde biz izgilikti, jaqsylyqty aq týspen bezendirgenbiz. Kóptegen halyqtardyng tilinde aq týsti niyettin, peyildin, kóldey kónilding týsi retinde qoldanbay, onyng ornyna izgi, jaqsy degen sózderdi alady. Minez-qúlyqty týspen bezendiru qazaqtyng modernistik sózderin tozbaytyn qatarmen tolyqtyrady. Aghylshyn tilinde aq niyet(Goodwill), aq peyil(Good-natured), aq jýrek(Good heart), aq kónil(Good-hearted), aqjarma niyet(Good-natured) sózderine qarasaq, eshbirinde White color(aq týs) úghymy qoldanylmaghan. Kerisinshe, bәrinde qútty, berekeli degen maghyna beretin Good sózi túr. Fransuz tilinde múndaghy Good sózining ornyna «Bon» sózi qoldanylady da, taghy da aq týsti búghan aralastyrmaydy. Biz japondardyng aq niyet, aq peyil, aq jýrek, aq kónil, aqjarma niyet turaly sózderinen de «shiroy(aq týs)» degen sózdi bayqamadyq. Arabtyng osy úghymdargha baylanysty sózderinen de «abyad(aq týs)» sózin kezdestire almadyq. Qytaylar osy úghymdardyng bәrine izgilik, jaqsylyq maghynasyna ie «shan(善)» sózin qoldanyp otyrady da, búl sózderining ishinen taghy da «bәi(白 – aq týs)» sózin taba almay qayta oraldyq.

Qazaqtyng atalghan minez-qúlyqtargha aq týsti qoldanuyn týbi bir Týrki bolghan úighyr, ózbek, tatar, bashqúrt, Qyrymtatary, týrik, týrikpen, әzerbayjan, saqa bauyrlarymyzdyng tilinen de kezdestire almadyq. Qazaqtyng mәdeny yqpalyndaghy qyrghyz ben qaraqalpaqta búl úghymnyng kezdesui tanghalarlyq emes.

«Meyirimdi bola almaydy tang endi,

Qúshtarlyghym qúndy ete almay әlemdi.

Meni әrdayym izgi etetin - osy aq týs,

Mahabbatpen jetkizetin sәlemdi»

The dawn won't hold so kind

Our passion will not be similar and true

But it was always the white that made me humble

It was a deeper love that I knew.

Sheyn Braunnyng «Aq(The Color White)» degen ólenining songhy shumaghy bolyp tabylatyn osy shumaqta onyng aq týske izgiliktin, aq peyildin, aq niyetting týsi retinde qaraghanyn bilemiz.

Qonyr sózi – qazaq tilinde kózge jayly qonyr týsti bildiredi. Qonyr sózi sonymen birge, qazaq tilinde dybys ataulynyng qúlaqqa eng jaghymdysyna qoldanylady. Tau ýngirining kýngiri, qonyraudyng ýni ghana emes, qazaqtyng saz aspaptarymen oryndalatyn kýilerining mauyqqan, tereng yrghaqtylary da qonyrgha jatady.

Qazaqtyng muzyka ónerinde «qonyr» sózi kýiding bir janry retinde qaralyp, osy janrda shyqqan sazdardyng shoghyry ýlken jaqtan «Alpys eki qonyr» delinedi. Qazaq ózi adamnyng 62 tamyrynday denege әserimen boylaytyn, tarauy kóp kýy tobyn jeke-jeke sanap otyrmastan kóptigine qaratyp osylay degen.

Adamgha jayly, sypayy, ibaly, janashyr, aqkónil adamnyng minezin de «qonyr minez» dep atap, onday adamdy «qoydan qonyr» deydi. Qazaqtyng qoyy negizinen qyzyl bolyp keledi, ishinde aqsarbastary da jetkilikti. Qazaqta qonyr qoy joqqa juyq. Sóitsede, qoydy qonyr deui onyng týsine emes, júmsaq, tynysh, ziyansyz minezine qaratylghan.

Qonyr jel, mayda qonyr jel – ystyqta esetin salqyndau, suyqta esetin jylylau jel. Mayda qonyr jel dep te aitady.

Qonyr kesh – baqytty kesh.

Qonyr kýz – suyghy joq, tynysh, beygham kýz.

Qazaqtyng eng jaghymdy minez ben dybysqa, boyaugha birtútas «qonyr» degen atau berui ýngir ishining kýngir qaqqan salqyn, jaylylyghymen birge, onyng ishining kýngirt týsine de qaratylghan.

Kýn batyp, jer beti qonyrlanghan sәtti inirt, ymyrt deydi. Múnysy "kýngirt" degen sózden kelgen. Osylaysha kýngirt, qonyr týster ashyq ta emes, týnek te emes, jayly bir aralyq bolyp otyr.

Eshbir halyqta qazaqtaghy siyaqty qonyr minez, qonyr әuen, mayda qonyr jel, qonyr kesh, qonyr kýz dep barsha jaylylyqqa arnalghan týs úghymy joq.

Qonyr keshti, qonyr kýy men qonyr әn, qonyr ýndi ainaldyra jyrgha qosqan Júmeken Nәjimeden býy deytin:

«Qonyrayyp jatyr alda jol әli –

keudem keyde qonyr kýige tolady.

Qonyr әnmen qazaq besik terbetip,

órgizipti-au qonyr-qonyr balany.

Qonyr kýpi, qonyr dala, qonyr ýn...

qonyr kýimen ótip jatyr ómirim.

Qonyr kýzde, qonyr sharua-kýibenmen

qonsy qonghan qonyr qyzgha ýilengem»

Qazaq saghynudyn, saghynyshtyn, uayymnyng týsin sary týs dep esepteydi. Sary týsti eskiliktin, sartap bolghan uaqyttyng týsi retinde qarap, eski júrtty "sary júrt" dep atasa, birneshe ret qúdandaly bolghan jerdi "sary sýiek qúda" dep, ayazdyng kýshine minuin "saqyldaghan sary ayaz" dep әspetteymiz.

Qazaq uayymdy "sary uayym" dese, saghynyp sarghay dep saghynyshqa týs beredi. Saghynyp kýtudi "saryghu" dep sary týsti keybir halyqtardyng "saryg" dep aitatynymen úqsas aitady. Múndaghy saryghudaghy "sarygh(saryq) " pen sarghai sózindegi "sargha" sózining túlghasynan "sary" sózin ertede "sarygh(saryq)" jәne «sargha(sarghy)» dep qoldanghanymyzdy bilemiz. Tyva tuystarymyzdyng saryny «saryg» dep, ózbek aghayyndardyng «sariyh» dep, úighyrlardyng «seriyh» dep saryny atauy bizding "saryghu" sózimizdegi "sarygh(saryq)" sózimen úqsas bolsa, Saqa respublikasyndaghy saqa tuystarymyzdyng saryny «sargy» deui men Karpat asqan alys tuystarymyz bolghan vengrlerding saryny «shargy» deui bizding "sarghang" sózimizdegi "sargha(sarghy)" sózimen úqsas eken.

Quanysh Dәleyúlynyng sary uayym bolyp shókken sary qúmdardyng arasyn aralaghan myna shumaqtary shólding saryghyn basa alar ma eken?

«Qaghyr qúm –

Samal

Ne jel?

Tymyq.

IYә,

Dauyl...

Mún...

Uaqyttyng uysynda ýgilge,

Qurap týsken japyraghy sabyrdyn.

Men taghy da saghyndym,

Ózindi –

Jalghyzdyq...!

Múnda kelip pana tapqan

Ghasyrlardyng qansyghy...

Bulyghady

Jylay almay,

Kómeyine ketken taghdyr tas tyghyp...

Shól mendetken

Kәri qúm –

Endi nemen basar eken saryghyn?!

... Bilmeymin...»

Qazaq sózding magiyasyna mәn bergen. "Erek" dep naghyz erdi, "erekshe" dep er túlghaly, bólek bolmysty aitsa, óte alasa adamdardy da eski qazaq "ereksheli" degen maghynamen ergejeli(ergejeyli) dep ataghan. Qazirgi zamannyng ózinde qazaqtar kemistigi bar balalardy "erekshe bala" dep sypayy atauda. Búl "kemisti kem emes, keng dep sipattasa ol adamnyng qyrsyghy, kemistigi ketedi" dep sózding magiyasyna sengen qazaqtyng modernistik oilauy edi. "Saqau" sózining de sanqu, sanqyldau úghymymen etene tabysyp jatatyny osydan. "Soqyr" sózining de shúqyr, shegir, shógel degen qyran kózining ótkirligine say magiyalyq týrde qoldanylyp túrghanyn bilemiz.

Qazaq, týrikpennin, týrikting «sheker» deytinin mongholdyng «shiyher» deytinindey, bizding tilimizdegi «shegir» sózi sol sary qúmnan óz bastauyn alyp sary týsti bildiredi.

Qazaq «shegir» sózin negizinen býrkitti týsteuge qoldanady. Kózderining sary týsining qong-ashyqtyghyna qaray otyryp, býrkit ishinde qarashegir, qanshegir(qyzylshegir), aqshegir, saryshegir(qúlashegir, kershegir) degen týrlerining jiktelui sәtti oryndaldy.

Naryn men Aqayazdyng aqshegiri, Shu-Sarysudyng ayaghy men Barkólding qyzylshegiri(qanshegiri), Qalba men Eshkilikting qarashegiri, Sauyr men Jonnyng saryshegiri(qúlashegiri, kershegiri) degen qyran týrlerining aty osylay tizbektele beredi. Býrkitshilerding pirining aty da - Shegir Bayan. Qazaq jasyltqym kelgen kók kózdi adamdardy osy túrghydan «kókshegir» desedi.

Qazaq qyzyl týsti qyzyghudyn, qyzghanudyng týsi retinde jәne úyaludyng týsi retinde júmsaydy. Úyasynyng aumaghyn qyzghanyp, erekshe qorghauyna alatyn qústy qyzghysh qús deymiz. «Qyzdyng kózi qyzylgha qúmar» dep, qyzyghu úghymyn qyzben baylanystyrsaq, qyzghanysh sózining "qyzghysh" degen núsqamen qyzghanshaq qústyng aty bolyp túrghanyn atap óttik.

Qyzyl gýldi qyzghaldaq deymiz. Qyzyl týsting әldebir jerden payda boluyn "qyzaru" dep, qyzyl týsting negizi bolghan "qyz(qyzu)" sózine qaray úlasamyz. Adamnyng kýiip-janyp ysuy men ottyng jyluy – qyzu. Ottyng shoghy – qoz. Ottyng jana bastauy – qozu, qozdau. Qyp-qyzyl asyl tasty "qoza" deymiz.

Biz aghylshyn tilindegi qyzyghu(Interest) men qyzghanu, qyzghanysh(Jealousy) degen sózderding qatarynan "Red(qyzyl)" týsine qatysty bir úshqyn taba almadyq. Fransuz, arab, japon, qytay tilindegi sózder de , búl úghymdar turaly ataularynda qyzyl týsting joq ekenin menzep bas shayqaydy. Úighyrlar men ózbekter qyzyghudy "qyziqish", "hizihiysh" dep, әzerbayjandar men týrikter qyzghanudy "qysqanshlyq", "kyskanshlyk" dep búl minezderdi bizshe týspen bezendiredi. Múndaghy "qysqanshlyq", "kyskanshlyk" sózderining negizin "qys", "kiys" dep dybystap túrghany sekildi, qazaqta qyzyldyng "qysyl" degen núsqasy bar. Qazzaq úyalghan kezdi suretteu ýshin "eki beti úyalghannan qyzaryp ketti" dep jetkizse, qatty qyzarudy "qysylu" dep aitady. Múnysy, bir nәrsening ortasyna qysylu emes, "qyzyl" sózining "qysyl" bolyp aityluy. Qazaqtyng úyaludyn, úyattan órtenuding týsin qyzyl týspen beretini osy. Sondyqtan da, әzerbayjandar úyaludy "hәsalәt" dep jetkizse, úighyrlar múny "qyjalat" dep qyzarat degen sózding negizinde alady. Biz taghy da aghylshyn, fransuz, arab, japon, qytay tili qatarly iri tilderding sózding qoryndaghy úyalugha qatysty sózderden qyzyl týsti taba almadyq. Búl da bolsa qazaqtyng jәne ózine tuysqan halyqtardyng modern sózderindegi qyzyghu men qyzghanudy, úyaludy qyzyl týspen bezendiru bolyp tabylady.

Qyzyghyp shyqqan qyzyl kýnning úyasyna úyalyp batqany, әitsede, jerdi qyzghanyp qyzynyp, qyzghanyshynan qiyagha qyzghysh qús shashyp ketkenin óz ólenimizden taptyq:

«Qyzyghyp shyqqan qyzyl kýn,

Úyalyp batar úyagha.

Jerdi qyzghanyp qyzyndyn,

Qyzghysh qús shashyp qiyagha...

Qyp-qyzyl kózding jasynan –

Aghady eken qyzyl kýn.

Qyzyl jasqa shylanyp, ashyghan,

Kókjiyek sonsha býlindin.

Qyp-qyzyl jastan kýn bolyp,

Taraldy qaghan babalar.

Ólgende, qanyna týrlenip –

Juynyp boldy dalalar.

Qaghangha úiqy bermeydi,

Kýn qúighan qyzyl qany onyn.

Qaghangha ainalmay kelmeydi,

Kýn ishindegi ystyq әlemin»

Biz qatygezdik pen doly kýshti qara týspen beyneleymiz. Búghan bizding "qaraniyet", "qara kýsh" degen sózderimiz dәlel. Qazaq qara týsti keyde auyr maghynagha qoldanghan bolsa, keyde qara týs qazaq úghymynda irilik pen erlikting týsi retinde qaralyp, qara shanyraq, qara orman degen sózderdegi "qara" sózi irilikti, ýlkendikti bildiredi. Arqanyng eli "qara" sózin batyr degen maghynada qoldanady.

Qazaq әdette taudy, shoqyny da "qara" dey salady. Múnysy slavyandardyng «gora», «gara(belorussha)» degen taugha arnalghan Týrki tekti ataulary men belorustyng sol yqpalmen qyratty «grada» deytini, tyvalardyng jotany «kýr» degeni, qazaqtyng jotaly jerge arnalghan «qyr», «qyrat», «kýrke(jotagha eliktep jasalghan, uyqtyng basyn buyp shoshaytyp tigetin ýi)» ataulary men bashqúrttyng tóbe men qyratty «qyrt» deui, qyrghyzdyng tóbe men qyrdy «qyr» degeni, ózbekting jotaly jerdi «qiyr» deytini, әsirese, Saqa respublikasyndaghy saqalardyng jotany «ýreh(kýreh)» deui kýrke atauynyng mәnin onay ashyp beredi.

«Qap-qara, ghajap, siqyrly

Qashpandar qara boyaudan!

Qandyryp uyz-úiqymdy,

Qap-qara týnnen oyangham...

Aq penen qara almasyp,

Almasyp túrsa әrdayym.

Aq týske ghana jarmasyp,

Qarany nege almayyn.

Qap-qara kózdi bir qyz bar,

Qashpandar qara boyaudan!

Aspanda jaryq júldyzdar

Qap-qara týnde oyanghan» dep Múqaghalidyng qara týsting siqyrly, súlu jaghyn ashyp sóileytin jyry bar.

Qazaq qaytpas minez ben qarsylasugha dayar qaysarlyqty kók týspen beyneleydi. Daudan jenilmeytin, kýshtese kýiremeytin adamdardy «kók eken!» deydi. Ádette, tynysh, qarapayym jýrsede, namystanghanda kýshi men sózi oyanyp ketetin adamdardy «kók bórisi bar» deydi. Múnda da adamdy minez-qúlqyna qaray otyryp, ony kókjal retinde sipattap, qaytpas, qaharman kýshin kók týspen berip otyr. Búl da qazaqtyng modernistik sózi.

Serik Aqsúnqarúly:

«Kók Tәniri – Kógimde,

Kók Týrki – Jerde edi.

Bir kie bar mening tegimde,

Keudemdi kerim-jyr kernedi.

Oy-qyrda aluan oy keshtim,

Ólennen ónge bir sóz bilmey...

Kóktegi Tәnirmen sóilestim,

Jerdegi jәndikti kózge ilmey» dep kók týsting kókke, Kók Tәnirine, kók astyndaghy Kók Týrik tarihyna toghysyp ketetin toqtausyz baghytyna qarap, qazaqtyng túla boyyndaghy kók týspen beynelengen kókjal minezining osy úghymdarmen etene ekenin kórsetedi.

Kókbóri Mýbarak

Abai.kz