Luizianany satyp alu (1803) – Amerika tarihyndaghy sheshushi sәt

1803 jyly AQSh preziydenti Tomas Djefferson Luiziana aumaghyn Fransiyadan satyp alu turaly sheshimge keldi.

2 million sharshy shaqyrymnan asatyn aumaghybar Luiziana satyp alu janadan payda bolghan memleket ýshin manyzdy ózgeris boldy, búl Amerikanyng  kontiynenttik derjavagha ainaluyna baspaldaq boldy.

Luiziana koloniyasy Fransiyanyng Soltýstik Amerikadaghy eng iri territoriyasy edi. Degenmen, Fransiya baqylauyndaghy Sent-Dominge (qazirgi Gaiti) aralyndaghy birneshe ret qúl kóterilisteri jәne Úlybritaniyamen soghys qaupi fransuz kósemi Napoleon Bonapartty ony Amerika Qúrama Shtattaryna satugha iytermeledi.

1803 jyly Luizianany Fransiyadan satyp alu jas Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng alghashqy iri ekspansiyasyn bildirdi.

Ol kezdegi Luiziana qazirgi Luiziana shtatynan әldeqayda ýlken boldy, Missisipy ózeni men Rokky taulary arasynda ornalasqan 15 zamanauy shtatty qamtydy.

Búl jerge ie bolu Djeffersonnyng batysqa qaray ekspansiya ambisiyalary ýshin óte manyzdy negiz boldy; ol onyng Amerikanyng bolashaghyn beyneleytinine sendi. 1803 jyldyng qarashasynda AQSh pen Fransiya ýkimetteri Luizianany 15 million dollargha satyp alu turaly kelisimge keldi, búl býgingi tandaghy 400 million dollardan astam somagha ten.

Búl auqymdy satyp alu jas memleketting aumaghyn eki esege juyq úlghaytty.

Meksikanyng jerin jaulau (1848)

1840 jyldargha qaray amerikandyqtar batystan Tynyq múhity jaghalauyna deyin kenen «taghdyr tandauy» degenge imanday sendi. Búl sayyp kelgende Meksikanyng esebinen jýzege asty.

AQSh shekarasyn keneytuding eng belsendi jaqtaushylarynyng biri preziydent Djeyms K. Polk boldy. 1845 jyly qyzmetke kiriskennen keyin, Meksikamen Tehastyng iyelik qúqyghy jayly úzaq aitysqa týsti. Tehas 1836 jyly Meksikadan bólinip shyqqan edi.

Vashington 1845 jyly Tehasty qosyp alyp, ony AQSh shtatyna ainaldyrdy. Kelesi jyly AQSh pen Meksika kýshteri arasyndaghy qaqtyghystardan keyin Kongress Meksikagha qarsy soghys jariyalaudy maqúldady, biraq qaqtyghystyng tamyry terende edi.

Tarihshy Djey Sekstonnyng aituynsha, «Amerika Qúrama Shtattary sol kezde Meksikagha tiyesili jәne Amerikadaghy ekonomikalyq túrghydan eng qarqyndy aimaqtardyng biri bolghan, tereng suly porttary bar Kaliforniyagha qyzyghushylyq tanytty».

Amerika Qúrama Shtattary soghysta jeniske jetkennen keyin, eki el 1848 jyly Gvadelupa-Idaligo kelisimine qol qoydy.

Vashington aqyrynda berilgen aumaq ýshin 15 million dollar tóledi, búl býgingi tanda shamamen 615 million dollargha ten. Búl aumaqqa qazirgi Kaliforniya, Nevada jәne Yuta, sonday-aq Arizona, Kolorado, Niu-Meksiko jәne Vayoming shtattarynyng bólikteri kirdi.

Biraq Sekston atap ótkendey, Meksika jenilmese eshqashan jerin satpas edi. «Búl qarumen jasalghan kelisim boldy», - deydi ol.

Qysqasy, Meksika soghysqa deyingi aumaghynyng jartysynan kóbin berdi, al Amerika Qúrama Shtattary shamamen 1,36 million sharshy shaqyrym jerdi iyelendi.

La Mesiliyanyng satyluy (1853)

1848 jyly Meksika-Amerika soghysy ayaqtalghanyna qaramastan, eki el arasyndaghy shiyelenis saqtaldy.

1854 jyly ayaqtalghan kelisimde eki ýkimet Meksikanyng ontýstigindegi shaghyn aumaqty satugha kelisti, ol keyinirek Arizona jәne Niu-Meksiko shtattarynyng qúramyna kirdi.

Meksikada «La Mesiliyanyng satyluy» (Venta de la Mesilla) jәne Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynda «Gadsden satyp aluy» dep atalatyn búl kelisimge ishinara Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng transkontiynenttik temirjol salugha degen úmtylysy jәne Meksika ýkimetining ekonomikalyq qiyndyqtary yqpal etti.

AQSh ýkimeti aqyrynda shamamen 76 900 sharshy shaqyrym jerdi 10 million dollargha (býgingi dollarmen shamamen 421 million dollar) satyp aldy. Búl jer keyinirek qazirgi Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng ontýstik shekarasyna ainaldy.

Reseyden Alyaskany satyp alu (1867)

Kóptegen adamdar AQSh Memlekettik hatshysy Uiliyam Siuardtyng 1867 jyly Resey imperiyasynan Alyaskanyng shalghay Arktikalyq aumaghyn satyp alu turaly sheshimin týsine almaydy.

Siuard búl jerding strategiyalyq qúndylyghy zor dep sanady, sebebi ol Úlybritaniyanyng Soltýstik Amerika isterine aralasuyn toqtatady jәne Amerika Qúrama Shtattaryna Tynyq múhitynyng bay balyq sharuashylyghyna qol jetkizuge mýmkindik beretinin algha tartty.

Resey, kerisinshe, ózin onsha qúndy emes, basqarugha qymbat jәne sol kezdegi basty qarsylasy Úlybritaniyanyng shabuylyna jii úshyraytyn aumaqtan azat boldyq dep sanady.

Alayda, Siuard Reseyden 1,554 million sharshy shaqyrym jerdi 7,2 million dollargha (býgingi baghamen shamamen 158 million dollargha ten) satyp alghan kezde, búl kelisimdi amerikandyq qogham quana qabyldamady.

Qarsylastar búl mәmileni «Siuardtyng aqymaqtyghy» dep atady, búl aitarlyqtay dau tudyrdy, keybireuler Amerika Qúrama Shtattary paydasyz jer uchaskesin satyp aldy dep mәlimdedi.

Ýzdiksiz syngha qaramastan, Kongress satyp alu turaly kelisimdi maqúldady, al Alyaska Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng qúramyna kirdi, degenmen ol 1959 jylgha deyin shtat bolghan joq.

Aqyrynda, Siuardtyng Alyaskagha salghan investisiyasy aqtaldy, óitkeni keyinirek altyn men múnaydyng iri qorlary tabyldy, al Alyaskanyng әskery manyzy qyrghy qabaq soghys kezinde algha shyqty.

Daniyadan Virgin araldaryn satyp alu (1917)

Amerika Qúrama Shtattaryng songhy ret jer iyelenui Daniya ýlesinen boldy. Sol kezde Daniya Vest-Indiyasy dep atalghan Karib araldarynyna 19 ghasyrdyng ortasynan bastap amerikandyq strategter qyzygha bastaghan edi.

Uiliyam Siuard búl aumaqty ózining beybit ekspansionistik josparlarynyng manyzdy bóligi retinde qarastyrdy. Qazirgi AQSh Virgin araldaryn qúraytyn ýsh negizgi araldyng biri - Áulie Tomas porty erekshe tartymdy boldy, sebebi onyng ailaghy Karib tenizin baqylau ýshin tamasha baza retinde qarastyryldy.

Shamamen sol uaqytta Daniya araldargha degen qyzyghushylyghyn joghalta bastady. Daniya búryn araldarda europalyq saudagerler Atlant múhitynyng arghy jaghynan әkelgen afrikalyq qúl enbegin paydalanyp, iri qant plantasiyalaryn damytqan bolatyn. Alayda, әlemdik qant baghasy tómendegen sayyn, Daniyanyng búl plantasiyalardy saqtaugha degen yntasy bәsendedi.

1867 jylgha qaray eki el arasynda eki araldy 7,5 million dollargha (býgingi baghamen shamamen 164 million dollargha ten) satu turaly aldyn ala kelisimge qol jetkizildi. Alayda, AQSh Kongresi ony maqúldaudan bas tartqandyqtan, kelisim jýzege aspady.

Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng bastaluy jәne nemis sýnguir qayyqtarynyng amerikandyq kemelerge tóndirgen qaupi Vashingtonnyng qyzyghushylyghyn qayta oyatty. AQSh Germaniya Daniyany basyp alyp, araldar men strategiyalyq manyzdy Áulie Tomas portyn baqylaugha alady dep qauiptendi.

AQSh Memlekettik departamentining veb-saytyna sәikes, Memlekettik hatshy Vudrou Uilson Daniyagha eger Daniya satudan bas tartsa, AQSh araldardy basqa qolgha týsip ketpeui ýshin basyp aluy mýmkin ekenin eskertken.

Daniya halyqaralyq zertteuler institutynyng agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri Astrid Andersen: «AQSh Virgin araldarynyng taghdyry men býgingi kórip otyrghanymyz arasynda úqsastyqtar joq dep aita almaymyz» deydi.

Andersen: «Grenlandiyadaghy jaghday úqsas, sebebi sol kezdegi AQSh-tyng kózqarasy: «Ne Grenlandiyany bizge satasyz, ne biz basyp alamyz» boldy», - dedi. 1917 jylgha qaray Karib araldaryn AQSh-qa 25 million dollargha satu turaly kelisimge qol jetkizildi, búl býgingi tanda shamamen 630 million dollargha ten.

Kelisimning bóligi retinde AQSh Daniyanyng «Grenlandiya boyynsha sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq mýddelerin keneytuine» qarsylyq bildirmeuge kelisti.

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