(Býgin Týrkiyanyng әlemge әigili jazushysy, 2006 jylghy Nobeli әdebiyet syilyghynyng iyegeri Orhan Pamuktyng tughan kýni).

 Álem әdebiyetindegi bedeldi qalamgerlerding biri, 2006 jylghy Nobeli syilyghynyng laureaty Orhan Pamuk shygharmalarynda otbasy taqyryby erekshe oryn alady. Múnyng sebebi de týsinikti: onyng balalyq shaghy men jastyq kezeni kýrdeli qarym-qatynastargha, otbasylyq qayshylyqtargha jәne әleumettik ózgeristerge toly ortada ótti.

Bay әri batystanghan әulet

Orhan Pamuk 1952 jyly 7 mausymda Ystanbúldyng Nishantashy audanynda dýniyege keldi. Búl audan Týrkiyadaghy eng auqatty әri batystyq ómir saltyn ústanatyn ortalardyng biri sanalatyn. Pamuktar әuleti respublika qúrylghannan keyingi jana týrik elitasynyng ókilderi boldy.

Onyng atasy Mústafa Shevket Pamuk Týrkiya temirjoldarynyng qúrylysyna qatysqan belgili injener edi. Zamandastary ony Ystanbúldaghy eng dәuletti adamdardyng biri retinde biletin. Atasy qaytys bolghan kezde úrpaqtaryna qomaqty baylyq qaldyrghanymen, keyin onyng bir bóligi sәtsiz kәsipkerlik jobalargha júmsalyp, otbasynyng materialdyq jaghdayy birtindep әlsirey bastaydy.

Soghan qaramastan, Pamuktyng balalyq shaghy joqshylyqta ótken joq. Ol birneshe úrpaq ókilderi birge túrghan ýlken әulettik ortada ósti. Anasy, әkesi, aghasy, әjesi, kókeleri men tәteleri bir ýiding әr qabatynda ómir sýrgen. Keyin jazushy ózining әigili «Ystanbúl: estelikter men qala» atty memuarynda sol kýnderdi bylay sipattaydy:

«Anam, әkem, agham, әjem, kókelerim men tәtelerim – bәrimiz bes qabatty bir ýiding әrtýrli qabattarynda túrdyq».

Ýiding qasbetinde ýlken әriptermen «Pamuk Apartmanı» («Pamuk ýii») degen jazu ilinip túrghan.

Zayyrly әri europalyq ruhtaghy tәrbiye

Pamuk otbasy zayyrly kózqarasty ústandy. Olar Mustafa Kemal Atatürk bastaghan Týrkiyany janghyrtu sayasatyn qoldaghan ortadan shyqqan edi. Otbasy mýsheleri europalyq mәdeniyetke qyzyghyp, fransuz jәne aghylshyn әdebiyetin oqydy.

Orhan men onyng aghasy Shevket aghylshyn tilinde bilim beretin bedeldi mektepterde oqydy. Ýide pianino kóp bolghanymen, jazushy keyin әzilmen eske alghanday, olardyng eshqaysysynda eshkim oinamaghan.

Búl orta jas Orhannyng dýniyetanymyna zor әser etti. Ol bir jaghynan Osman múrasymen tanysyp ósse, ekinshi jaghynan Batys mәdeniyetining yqpalyn erte sezindi. Keyin onyng shygharmalaryndaghy Shyghys pen Batys arasyndaghy dialog dәl osy balalyq shaqtan bastau alady.

Ákesi – injener әri әdebiyetke qúshtar jan

Orhan Pamuktyng әkesi Gýndýz Pamuk Týrkiyadaghy alghashqy IBM kompaniyasynyng bas diyrektory bolghan tabysty injener edi. Alayda onyng taghy bir qyry boldy: ol әdebiyetti sýidi, óleng jazdy, europalyq shygharmalardy audardy.

Gýndýz Pamuk úlynyng jazushylyq qabiletin erte bayqaghan. Ol Orhangha ýnemi senim bildirip, bir kýni ýlken jetistikke jetetinin aityp otyratyn.

Jazushynyng Nobeli syilyghyn alghan kezde sóilegen әigili «Ákemning shabadany» atty bayandamasy osy qarym-qatynasqa arnalghan. Ákesi ómirining sonynda oghan óz qoljazbalary men kýndelikteri salynghan shaghyn shabadan tabystaydy. Búl oqigha Pamuk ýshin jazushylyqtyng mәnin tereng týsinuge sebep boldy.

Suret: jazushynyng jeke arhiyvinen alynghan

Otbasylyq kiykiljinder

Syrt kózge baquatty әri mәdeniyetti kóringenimen, Pamuktar otbasynyng ishinde sheshilmegen qayshylyqtar az bolghan joq.

Jazushynyng estelikterinde tuystardyng birge dastarqan basynda kýlip-oynap otyrghanymen, artynan múra men aqsha mәselesine kelgende qatty janjaldasyp ketetini aitylady.

Ásirese әkesi men anasynyng arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas kýrdeli boldy. Ákesining nekeden tys baylanystary otbasyndaghy ýlken daghdarysqa ainaldy. Anasy kýieuining opasyzdyghyn bilgennen keyin olardyng arasyndaghy janjaldar jiyileydi.

Keyde әkesi úzaq uaqyt boyy ýige kelmey ketetin. Keyde anasy da renjip, balalaryn tuystarynyng qarauyna qaldyryp, biraz uaqytqa joghalyp ketetin.

Bala Orhan ýshin búl auyr kezeng edi. Ol ata-anasynyng úrys-keristerin kórip ósti. Keyde olardyng uaqytsha ketip qaluy ýidegi janjaldan qútqarghanday kórinse, keyde kishkentay Orhan jalghyz qalyp, jylap otyratyn.

Suret: jazushynyng jeke arhiyvinen alynghan

Aghasymen bәseke

Orhannyng ómirindegi taghy bir manyzdy tәjiriybe – aghasy Shevketpen aradaghy bәseke.

Eki bauyr anasynyng meyirimi men yqylasyna talasyp ósti. Jazushy keyin búl sezimdi qyzghanysh, baqtalastyq jәne ózin dәleldeuge degen úmtylys retinde sipattaydy. Osy ishki jarys onyng minezin shyndap, shygharmashylyqqa degen qúlshynysyn arttyrdy.

Áuelgi armany – suretshi bolu

Qyzyghy, Orhan Pamuktyng alghashqy armany jazushy emes, suretshi bolu edi. Ol jiyrma eki jasqa deyin ózin bolashaq qylqalam sheberi retinde elestetti.

Nishantashydaghy pәterde otyryp suret salu onyng eng sýiikti isi boldy. Keyin әdebiyetke bet búrghanymen, suretshining kózi men estetikalyq talghamy onyng shygharmalarynda saqtalyp qaldy. Sondyqtan Pamuk romandarynyng kópshiligi beyneleu óneri men kórkem detalidargha erekshe bay.

Orhan Pamuk dәuletti, zayyrly, bilimdi әri batystyq qúndylyqtardy ústanghan otbasynda tәrbiyelendi. Materialdyq qúldyrau, tuystar arasyndaghy dau-damay, ata-anasynyng janjaly jәne bauyrlar arasyndaghy bәseke onyng balalyq shaghynyng ajyramas bóligi boldy.

Dәl osy kýrdeli otbasylyq orta bolashaq jazushynyng sezimtaldyghyn qalyptastyryp, onyng shygharmalaryndaghy jalghyzdyq, otbasy, sәikestik, Shyghys pen Batys arasyndaghy tartys siyaqty mәngilik taqyryptardyng qaynar kózine ainaldy. Bәlkim, Orhan Pamuktyng úly jazushy bolyp qalyptasuyna tek baylyghy ghana emes, dәl osy qayshylyqtargha toly otbasy tarihy kóbirek әser etken shyghar.

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