«Ádilettin» su jana deputattaryna alghashqy saual!

(Kolpakovskiy kóshesinen ótken sayyn tóbe qúiqam nege shymyrlaydy?)

Almaty qalasynda Kolpakovskiy atynda kóshe bar. Sol kósheden ótken sayyn tóbe qúiqam shymyrlaydy.

Qazaqtyng songhy hany Kenesary 1847 jyly otarshyldyq qúrbany bolghannan keyin Resey imperiyasynyng qazaq dalasyn jaulau sayasaty tipti de ýdey týsti. Otarlyq tasqyny toqtausyz jónkidi.

Kenesary bastaghan últ azattyq qozghalysy Patshalyq reseyding jaulau sayasatynda neni erekshe eskeru qajettiligin odan ary úqtyrsa kerek.

Kenesary ólgennen keyin de Eset Kótibarúlynyng kýresi (1847-1858 jj), Janqoja Núrmúhamedúlynyng qozghalysy (1856-1857 jj) syndy  azattyq úrandary kóterildi. Qazaq dalasyndaghy qarsylyqtar otarlaushylardy qazaq jerin neghúrlym tez jaulaugha asyqtyrdy.

Resey әskery shebin ontýstikke qaray jyljytyp, Jetisu men Syrdariya ónirin iyeleudi barynsha kýsheytti. Resey әskeri Jetisugha enip, Qoqan handyqtarynyng bekinisterin basyp aldy. 1860 jyly Toqmaq pen Pishpek, keyin 1864 jyly Merke, Áulieata, Týrkistan, Shymkent jәne basqa bekinister art-artynan Resey qolyna ótti.

Osylaysha otarlyq órtine oranghan ontýstik jәne ontýstik-shyghys qazaq jeri de Resey imperiyasynyng qandy shengeline týsti. Qazaq dalasy Týrkistan → Orynbor → Batys Sibir general-gubernatorlyqtaryna bólinip, әskery jәne azamattyq biylik týbegeyli otarshy elding general-gubernatorlary men әskery gubernatorlarynyng qolynda boldy. Óktemdik óz bilgenin istedi.

Osy arqyly qazaqtyng dәstýrli handyq-súltandyq basqaru jýiesining ornyna (qazaq memleketining ornyna) reseyding imperiyalyq әkimshilik jýiesi ornady.

Otarlyq sayasattyng asa auyr saldarynyng biri jer mәselesi boldy. Imperiyalyq zannamada qazaqtardyng dәstýrli paydalanghan jerin orystyq otarlyq jýiedegi memlekettik menshik retinde qarastyrdy.

Resey ishki guberniyalarynan orys sharualaryn qazaq dalasyna qonystandyru kýn sanap kýsheydi. Ásirese Jetisuda Kolpakovskiyding bastamasymen 1868 jyly qonystandyru turaly arnayy ereje qabyldandy. Qonys audarushylargha memlekettik jenildikter men nesie beru qarastyryldy.

Búl qazaqtyng dәstýrli kóshpeli sharuashylyghyna jasalghan óktemdik qana emes, otarlaudyng qandy búghauy edi. Qazaq ýshin jerding manyzy bir ghana egistikpen ólshenbeytin: qystau, kókteu, jaylau, kýzeudi qamtyghan shúrayly óris-qonysy bar bolatyn. Qazaqtardyn: «Búl – ata-babamnyng qonysy» degeni endigi jerde «Búl – memleket qaramaghyndaghy jer» degen ústanymmen bastyqtyryldy.

Sóitip Resey imperiyasynyng qazaq dalasyndaghy әkimshilik-otarlyq jýiesi barynsha bekidi.

1847 jyldan keyingi jaghday qazaq memlekettiligining әskery túrghydan ghana emes, sayasi, әkimshilik, jer jәne demografiyalyq jaghynan da meylinshe әlsiregen (otarlanghan) kezeni boldy.

Osy otarlyqtyng Jetisu jerindegi bas atamany biz sóz etip otyrghan Kolpakovskiy edi.

Sózdikterde әspetteluinshe, Gerasim Alekseevich Kolpakovskiy (1819-1896) – Resey imperiyasynyng generaly, Jetisu oblysynyng әskery gubernatory jәne osy ónirdegi patshalyq әskeriy-әkimshilik biylikti ornyqtyrugha qatysqan negizgi túlghanyng biri jәne biregeyi.

Kolpakovskiy Jetisuda Reseyding әskery biyligin kýsheytip, jergilikti qazaq-qyrghyz qoghamyn imperiyalyq basqaru tәrtibine engizuge (shyn mәninde jaulap-qúldanugha) bar kýshin saldy. Qazaq-Qyrghyz dalasyna Reseyden qonys audarushylardy jappay qonystandyrdy.

Onyng bastamalary men «jenisti sheruleri» imperiyalar iyesi jaghynan «erlik» sanaldy. 1867 jyly Jetisu oblysy qúrylyp, Kolpakovskiy onyng әskery qolbasshysy boldy. Sonymen birge Jetisu kazak әskerining atamany qyzmetin de atqardy. Ol qolyndaghy әkimshilik biylik, әskery kýsh, kazak әskery qúrylymyn paydalana otyryp, qazaq jerinde oiyna kelgenin istedi. Imperiya jalauyn jelbiretti.

1868 jyldan bastap onyng bastamasymen «Jetisudaghy sharualardyng kóship-qonuy turaly uaqytsha erejeler» engizildi. Qonys audarushylargha bir er adamgha 30 desyatina jer, 15 jylgha salyqtyq jenildikter jәne 100 somgha deyin nesie berildi.

Osylaysha, 1867-jyly Jetisu men Syrdariya oblystaryn basqaru turaly uaqytsha ereje kýshine endi de, ile-shala (1848 jyl) Oral, Torghay, Aqmola jәne Semey oblystaryn basqaru turaly erejening kýshine enuine negiz boldy. Búl shyn mәninde  «basqaru turaly uaqytsha ereje» emes, otarlyqtyng óz kýshine engen qaghaz jýzindegi zandyq qúqay-qaruy edi.

Kelimsekterding kóbengi qazaqtardy jaz jaylau, qys qystauynan aiyryp, tynysyn meylinshe taraytty. Patsha әkimshiligining zorlyqty sayasaty nәtiyjesinde shúrayly jerler tartyp alynyp, «jana qonystanushy qonaqtargha» syigha berildi. Osynyng bәrining avtory jәne joba-josparyn jasap atqaurshy Kolpakovskiy boldy. Ol ózi jasaghan «Jetisugha orys sharualaryn ornalastyru»  josparyn atqaru barysynda eshteneden tayynbady. Qarsy kelgendi atty, qyrdy, jer audardy, qamady.

1860-jyldardaghy qazaq-qyrghyz qarsylyqtary kezinde Kolpakovskiy jergilikti qarsylyq kórsetken adamdargha qatang shara qoldandy. Aytalyq, Sauryq, Balbay, Sabatyr molda, Moldajan jәne Dýrәlige qatysty iste Kolpakovskiy óte qatal jaza qoldanudy búiyrdy. Sauryq pen Balbaydy dala sotymen atudy, al Dýrәlini aidaugha jiberudi úsyndy. Búdan basqa da onyng qara qazaq balasyna jasaghan qastandyghy, qiyanaty az emes. Kerek bolsa, reti kelgende onyng bәrin tizip aityp shyghugha da bolady.

Kenestik kezennen qalghan oqulyqtar bayany boyynsha – Kolpakovskiydi qazaq tarihyna baylanysty Vernyy (Almaty) qalasyn damytuy jәne Resey imperiyasynyng Jetisuda әskeri-otarlyq biyligin ornyqtyrugha qosqan ýlesi jaghynan erekshe auyzgha alady. Osy túrghydan ol – qazaq dalasynyng sayasy derbestigin әlsiretip, imperiyalyq qonystandyru men basqaru jýiesin ornyqtyrugha qyzmet etken patsha әkimderining adal úlyghy sanalady.

Almaty qalasy ishindegi Jetisu audanynda túrghan «Kolpakovskiy kóshesinen» qalsa, Almaty oblysy, Jambyl audany, Úzynaghash manynda Kolpakovskiyge arnalghan eskertkish bar.

Endeshe, býgingi tәuelsiz qazaq sanasymen qaraghanda, Kolpakovskiyding kim bolghany?

Áriyne, Kenesary han ólgennen keyingi qazaq jerin otarlaugha erekshe ýles qosqan otarlaushy elding atamany, qolshoqpary.

Endeshe, biz qalamyzdyng tórinde kimning atyn әspettep otyrmyz?

Osy arqyly otanshyldyq ruhpen tәrbiyelenip jatqan jas buyngha neni aitpaqpyz? (Almaty qalasyndaghy №143 mektep-liyseyining mekenjayynyng «Kolpakovskiy kóshesi, 26» dep kórsetilip túrghanyn eske alynyz).

Kolpakovskiy bizding әkemiz be, әlde әkemizdi óltirgen otarshyl jendet pe?

Kolpakovskiy kóshesining atyn jana ataumen ataugha ne kedergi?

«Ádilettin» su jana deputattarynyng aldyna osy saualdy tastaghym keledi.

Qazaqtyng jazushy-tarihshy úly retinde Almaty qalasyndaghy Kolpakovskiy kóshesining atyn alyp tastaudy ótinemin!

Jәdy Shәkenúly,

Jazushy-tarihshy, Qazaqstan jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi, Euraziya jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi. Halyqaralyq Alash әdeby syilyghynyng iyegeri.

Almaty.

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