Aughanstan Ortalyq Aziya ýshin kólik qauipsizdigine qater tóndiretin aumaqtan Euraziyanyng jana tranzittik kópirine ainala ala ma?

Keshe ghana Ortalyq Aziya ýshin kólik qatynasy túrghysynan tәuekeli joghary aimaq retinde qarastyrylghan Aughanstan birtindep Ortalyq Aziya, Iran men Týrkiyany baylanystyratyn jana tranzittik buyngha ainalyp keledi. Búghan birneshe temirjol jobasy, Iran men Aughanstan arasyndaghy sauda ainalymynyng ósui jәne Ózbekstannyng kólik infraqúrylymyna qyzyghushylyghy týrtki bolyp otyr.

Iran Aughanstan baghytyn ózining kólik diplomatiyasynyng manyzdy bóligine ainaldyryp, Ortalyq Aziya memleketterimen osy baghyttaghy әriptestigin de kýsheytip keledi. Songhy uaqytta búl baghytta birneshe manyzdy oqigha boldy. Olardyng jiyntyghy Aughanstannyng Euraziyadaghy qúrlyqtyq kólik dәlizderin keneytu ýderisine barghan sayyn belsendi tartylyp jatqanyn kórsetedi.

«Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf»: $780 mln jobanyng mәni nede?

2026 jylghy mausymda Aughanstannyng Temirjol ministrining orynbasary Mәulauy Múhammed Ysqaq Sahibzada bastaghan delegasiya Irangha baryp, kólik logistikasy salasyndaghy birqatar infraqúrylymdyq jobany, sonyng ishinde «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» temirjolyn salu mәselesin talqylady.

Taraptar jobanyng tehnikalyq talaptaryn, standarttaryn, qarjylandyru tetikterin jәne iske asyru kezenderin qarastyrdy. Kezdesu qarsanynda Tehrandaghy aqparat qúraldary Aughanstannyng kommersiyalyq bankteri Balh pen Gerat provinsiyalaryn baylanystyratyn jana temirjol qúrylysyna investisiya salugha dayyn ekenin habarlaghan. Jobanyng aldyn ala qúny 780 mln dollar dep baghalanyp otyr.

Keyin búl infraqúrylymdyq jobany iske asyrugha aughan paydaly qazbalaryn iygeruge qatysu shartymen irandyq kompaniyalar da tartyluy mýmkin ekeni belgili boldy. «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» temirjoly Irannyng Haf qalasynan bastalatyn transshekaralyq sauda baghytynyng jalghasy bolmaq. Sonymen birge ol jalpy úzyndyghy shamamen 2100 shaqyrym bolatyn Bes el temirjol dәlizining negizgi qúramdas bólikterining birine ainaluy mýmkin.

Búl baghyt Qytaydyng Qashghar qalasyna deyin tartylyp, býkil jol boyynda eni 1435 milliymetrlik birynghay temirjol tabanyn paydalanudy kózdeydi. Dәliz Tәjikstan men Qyrghyzstan aumaghy arqyly ótui tiyis.

Kenirek túrghydan alghanda, әngime Euraziyanyng shyghysy men batysyn jalghaytyn bәsekege qabiletti qúrlyqtyq dәliz qalyptastyru turaly bolyp otyr. Múnday jaghdayda Aughanstan ózining soltýstiktegi kórshilerimen birge jana kólik jelisining manyzdy buynyna ainaluy yqtimal. «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» jobasynyng strategiyalyq manyzy múnymen shektelmeydi. Ol Aughanstan aumaghy arqyly Iran men Týrkiyany Ortalyq Aziya jәne Qytaymen baylanystyrugha mýmkindik beredi. Búl ýderiske Ankara da qatysyp otyr. Týrkiya 2025 jylghy qazanda Ystambúlda ótken Halyqaralyq temirjol odaghynyng 36-ónirlik otyrysy ayasynda Mazariy-Sharifke deyin temirjol salu jónindegi birlesken kelisimge ýshinshi tarap retinde qosylghan.

Tehrangha búl ne ýshin qajet?

Iran ýshin Qytaygha baratyn qosymsha kólik baghyttaryn qalyptastyrudyng manyzy erekshe artyp otyr. Óitkeni Qytay — Irannyng eng iri sauda seriktesterining biri. Búghan qosa, Ormuz búghazy tóniregindegi tәuekelder men AQSh-pen әskery teketires jaghdayynda qúrlyqtyq baghyttardy әrtaraptandyru Tehran ýshin strategiyalyq mindetke ainalyp otyr.

Qytaydyng da óz mýddesi bar. Beyjing Iran naryghyna ghana emes, Islam Respublikasynyng tranzittik mýmkindikterine de qyzyghushylyq tanytady.

2025 jylghy 25 mamyrda Qytaydyng Siani qalasynan Irandaghy qúrghaq port — Apringe alghashqy jýk poyyzy jolgha shyqty. Búl eki el arasyndaghy tikeley qúrlyqtyq qatynastyng resmy bastalghanyn bildirdi.

Siani – Aprin baghyty Qazaqstan men Týrikmenstan arqyly ótedi. Múnda 2014 jyly iske qosylghan Ózen – Bereket – Gorgan temirjol jelisi paydalanylyp otyr. Búl jeli halyqaralyq Soltýstik – Ontýstik kólik dәlizining shyghys baghytynyng bir bóligi bolyp sanalady.

Sonymen qatar temirjol әkimshilikterining altyjaqty kezdesuleri ayasynda Qytay – Qazaqstan – Ózbekstan – Týrikmenstan – Iran – Týrkiya/EO baghyty boyynsha jana dәliz әzirlenip jatyr.

Búl joba Ózbekstandy Shyghys – Batys dәlizining ontýstik tarmaghy arqyly konteynerlik tasymaldargha belsendirek tartudy kózdeydi. Sonymen birge ol «Bir beldeu – bir jol» bastamasy ayasynda Qytay men Europa arasyndaghy temirjol tasymaldaryn keneytu ýderisine sәikes keledi.

2026 jyldyng basynan beri Qytaydyng Chunsiyn, Sychuani, Szyansu, Hubey jәne Sinin ónirlerinen Ortalyq Aziya memleketterine birneshe túraqty jәne synaqtyq blok-poyyzdar iske qosyldy. Olardyng bir bóligi bolashaqta Irangha deyin jetui mýmkin.

Aughanstan ýshin Pәkistangha balama jol ashyla ma?

«Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» jobasynyng algha jyljuy jәne qazirding ózinde júmys istep túrghan Haf – Gerat temirjoly Irannyng kólik dәlizderin әrtaraptandyrugha úmtylysyn kórsetedi.Búl әsirese teniz tasymalyna qatysty tәuekelder saqtalyp otyrghan jaghdayda manyzdy. Sondyqtan Tehran Aughanstanmen ghana emes, Ortalyq Aziya memleketterimen de temirjol baylanysyn keneytuge basymdyq berip otyr.

2026 jylghy tamyzda Iran ýkimeti «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» jobasyn osy sayasattyng basym baghyttarynyng biri retinde atady. Temirjol baylanysynyng damuy Aughanstannyng ózi ýshin de barghan sayyn manyzdy bola týsude.

Aughanstan men Pәkistan arasyndaghy qatynastyng shiyelenisui jaghdayynda Iranmen temirjol qatynasy Kabulgha Parsy shyghanaghy elderi, Týrkiya jәne Europalyq odaq naryqtaryna qosymsha shyghu mýmkindigin beredi. Búl Pәkistannyng teniz porttaryna tәueldilikten tuyndaytyn shekteulerdi ishinara azaytugha jol ashady.Onyng alghashqy nәtiyjeleri sauda kórsetkishterinen bayqalyp otyr.

Iran men Aughanstan arasyndaghy jyldyq tauar ainalymy 3,6 mlrd dollargha jetti. Al temirjol arqyly jýk tasymaly búdan da qarqyndy ósken.

2025–2026 qarjy jylynda Haf – Gerat jelisi arqyly 640 myng tonnadan astam jýk tasymaldanghan. Bir jyl búryn búl kórsetkish 15 myng tonnagha da jetpegen edi. Ay sayynghy tasymal kólemi shamamen 130 myng tonnagha jetti. Boljam boyynsha, búl kórsetkish aiyna 160 myng tonnagha deyin, yaghny jylyna shamamen 1,5 mln tonnagha deyin ósui mýmkin. Haf – Gerat jelisi tolyq paydalanugha berilgennen keyin memleketaralyq tasymal kólemi jylyna 3 mln tonnagha, al tranzittik jýk kólemi 1,7 mln tonnagha deyin jetui yqtimal.

Búl jospar Tehrannyng búdan da auqymdy strategiyasynyng bir bóligi. Iran temirjol arqyly tasymaldanatyn jalpy jýk kólemin jylyna 60 mln tonnagha jetkizudi kózdep otyr. Búl maqsatqa eng aldymen Soltýstik – Ontýstik jәne Shyghys – Batys halyqaralyq dәlizderin damytu arqyly qol jetkizu josparlanghan. Demek, Irangha kórshi memlekettermen, onyng ishinde Ortalyq Aziya elderimen tyghyz kólik-logistikalyq yntymaqtastyq qajet.

Tehran búghan deyin aldaghy bes jylda Qazaqstanmen temirjol arqyly jýk tasymalyn jylyna 5 mln tonnagha, Týrikmenstanmen 4 mln tonnagha, Ózbekstanmen 2 mln tonnagha jetkizu niyetin bildirgen.

Tasymaldaghy tehnikalyq kedergilerdi azaytu maqsatynda Iran Ózbekstan jәne Týrikmenstanmen óz vagondarynyng olardyng temirjol jelilerinde jýruine qatysty kelisimder jasady. Búl irandyq vagondardyng TMD kenistigindegi temirjol jelisi boyynsha erkinirek qozghaluyna mýmkindik berui tiyis. Alayda búl kelisimder әzirge tolyq kólemde jýzege asqan joq. Ózbekstan da oiyngha qosyluda Songhy ailarda Kabul men Tehrannyng Mazariy-Sharifke deyin temirjol salu mәselesindegi әreketteri barghan sayyn ýilesimdi sipat alyp keledi. Búl joba jýzege assa, Ózbekstan shekarasy arqyly Ortalyq Aziyagha shyghatyn jana kólik arnasy qalyptasady.

Osy túrghydan 2026 jylghy 22 shildede Aughanstannyng tehnikalyq delegasiyasynyng Tashkentke sapary manyzdy boldy. Ózbekstan temirjoldary basshylyghymen ótken kelissózder barysynda Trans-Aughanstan nemese Kabul temirjol dәlizi boyynsha tehnikalyq-ekonomikalyq negizdeme dayyndaugha qajetti injenerlik zertteu júmystaryn bastau mәselesi talqylandy.

Sonymen qatar Aughanstan tarabyna jobalyq qújattardy jәne «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf» temirjolynyng aldyn ala tehnikalyq-ekonomikalyq negizdemesin beru mýmkindigi qarastyryldy. Taraptar Hayraton stansiyasyn janghyrtu, jana qoyma keshenderin salu jәne Hayraton – Mazariy-Sharif baghyty boyyndaghy Naibabad stansiyasynda úzyndyghy 1650 metr qosymsha kirme joldar salu mәselelerin de talqylady.2026 jylghy sәuirde ózbek mamandary jýk óndeu júmystaryn jedeldetuge arnalghan osy uchaskede 1000 metr kirme jol tósep ýlgergen. 27 shildede Aughanstannyng Qoghamdyq júmystar ministri Múhammad Isa Sany Ózbekstan premier-ministrining orynbasary Jamshid Hodjaevpen kezdesti.Aughan aqparat qúraldarynyng mәlimetinshe, Ózbekstan tarapy Gerat pen Mazariy-Sharif arasyndaghy temirjol jelisine investisiya salugha qyzyghushylyq tanytqan. Alayda búl aqparatty Tashkent resmy týrde rastaghan joq. Eger Ózbekstan jobagha shyn mәninde qosylsa, búl elding Bes el jolyn damytugha qatysuyna da qosymsha serpin berui mýmkin.

Bastapqyda búl baghyt Ózbekstandy ainalyp ótetindey etip jobalanghan edi. Alayda Qytay – Qyrghyzstan – Ózbekstan temirjolynyng qúrylysy Tashkentke Tәjikstan baghytyna qaray tarmaqtalyp, odan әri Soghdy oblysy arqyly Bes el dәlizine qosylugha mýmkindik berui yqtimal. Múnday konfigurasiya Tashkentting shamadan tys jýktelgen kólik torabyn ainalyp ótuge jәne Aughanstangha deyingi qashyqtyqty birneshe jýz shaqyrymgha qysqartugha mýmkindik beredi.Ortalyq Aziyanyng kólik kartasy ózgerui mýmkin

Osylaysha, mәsele jekelegen temirjol jobalaryn iske asyrumen ghana shektelmeydi.

Iran Qytay men Ortalyq Aziyagha shyghatyn qosymsha qúrlyqtyq baghyttardy qalyptastyryp jatyr. Aughanstan Pәkistandy ainalyp ótetin jana syrtqy sauda baghyttaryna ie bolugha úmtyluda. Al Ózbekstan jana kólik-logistikalyq jýiening yqtimal manyzdy qatysushysyna ainalyp keledi.

Eger «Gerat – Mazariy-Shariyf», «Qytay – Qyrghyzstan – Ózbekstan» jәne Bes el joly ózara baylanysqan birtútas jýie retinde júmys istey bastasa, Ortalyq Aziyanyng kólik geografiyasy aitarlyqtay ózgerui mýmkin. Búl jaghdayda aimaq elderi Iran, Týrkiya jәne Parsy shyghanaghy naryqtaryna shyghatyn taghy bir balama baghytqa ie bolady. Al Aughanstan kólik jolyndaghy kedergi rólinen birtindep bas tartyp, Euraziyadaghy manyzdy tranzittik buyngha ainalugha mýmkindik alady. Basty mәsele endi temirjol salu ghana emes. Mәsele — Euraziyadaghy jana kólik arhiytekturasynyng kimning paydasyna júmys isteytinde. Eger búl jobalar bir-birimen týiisse, Ortalyq Aziya tek Qytay men Resey arasyndaghy tranzittik kenistik bolyp qalmay, Iran, Týrkiya, Parsy shyghanaghy jәne Europa naryqtaryn baylanystyratyn derbes logistikalyq torapqa ainaluy mýmkin. Osy túrghydan Aughanstandaghy temirjol qúrylysy — bir elding infraqúrylymdyq jobasy ghana emes, Ortalyq Aziyanyng bolashaq ekonomikalyq geografiyasyna әser etetin strategiyalyq prosess.

Nargiza Umarova,

Ózbekstan Álemdik ekonomika jәne diplomatiya uniyversiyteti janyndaghy Perspektivaly halyqaralyq zertteuler instituty Strategiyalyq baylanys ortalyghynyng jetekshisi, «Bilim karvoni» memlekettik emes ghylymy mekemesining sarapshysy

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