2026 jyldyng 11 qyrkýieginde Astana qalasynda fransuz tarihshysy, ortaghasyrlyq Euraziya jәne Joshy úlysy tarihynyng mamany Mary Faveronyng «Altyn Orda: dala imperiyasy әlemdi qalay ózgertti» atty irgeli enbegining qazaq tilindegi basylymynyng resmy túsaukeseri ótti.

Halyqaralyq ghylymy qauymdastyqta joghary baghalanghan búl zertteu kitaby alghash ret otandyq oqyrmandargha ana tilinde úsynylyp otyr.

Saltanatty is-sharany Steppe & World Publishing baspasy Joshy úlysyn zertteu ghylymy institutymen, Maqsút Nәrikbaev uniyversiytetimen (MNU) jәne Fransiyanyng Qazaqstandaghy elshiligimen birlese úiymdastyrdy.

Qazaq dalasynyng imperiya tarihyndaghy róli

Kezdesu barysynda avtor qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynyng Joshy úlysy tarihyndaghy orny men Altyn Orda múrasyn bir ghana memleketpen shekteuge bolmaytyny turaly keninen sóz qozghady. Mary Faveronyng aituynsha, Altyn Orda – býginde birneshe Euraziya memleketin biriktiretin auqymdy múra.

Zertteushi óz sózinde imperiya aumaghy әrtýrli kezenderde qazirgi Qazaqstannyng basym bóligin, sonday-aq Ortalyq Aziyanyn, Tatarstannyng jәne ózge de aimaqtardyng jerin qamtyghanyn atap ótti.

«Biylik ortalyghy negizinen qazaq dalasynda ornalasqan. Degenmen búl tariyh, әriyne, basqa elderge de tikeley qatysty», — dedi Favero.

Mary Favero búl enbeginde Altyn Ordany tek ortaghasyrlyq kóshpeli memleket retinde ghana emes, Euraziyanyng sayasi, ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny prosesterining manyzdy qatysushysy retinde qarastyrady. Avtor sauda joldaryn, diplomatiyalyq qatynastardy, qala qúrylysyn, mәdeny almasudy jәne Shyghys pen Batys arasyndaghy baylanystardy talday otyryp, imperiyanyng әlemdik tarihtaghy airyqsha ornyn ashady.

Altyn Orda múrasyn bóliske salugha nege bolmaydy?

Kezdesude qatysushylar ortaghasyrlyq imperiyalardyng zandy múragerin anyqtau tәsilderi men qay memleket ózin olardyng múrageri dep sanaugha haqyly ekeni turaly súraq qoydy. Mary Favero Altyn Orda jaghdayynda búl súraqqa birjaqty jauap beru mýmkin emes ekenin jetkizdi.

Ghalymnyng pikirinshe, ortaghasyrlyq imperiyanyng tarihy tym ken, sondyqtan ony tek bir zamanauy memleketting enshisine beru dúrys emes. Ol – býginde әrtýrli elderding qúramyna kiretin halyqtar men aumaqtargha ortaq múra. Osyghan baylanysty zertteushi búl dәuirdi tanuda halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyqtyng manyzy zor ekenin erekshe atap ótti.

Tarihy derekkózder men múraghat halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyqty talap etedi

Joshy úlysyna qatysty tarihy qújattar men artefaktiler býkil әlem boyynsha shashyranqy saqtalghan. Favero týsindirgendey, tiyisti materialdar әrtýrli memleketterdin, sonyng ishinde Fransiyanyng da múraghattarynda kezdesedi.

Tarihshy múraghattyq materialdarmen almasu jәne saqtalghan derekkózderdi birlese zertteu Altyn Orda tarihyn janasha zerdeleuge jol ashady dep esepteydi:

«Búl — býgingi tanda óte halyqaralyq manyzgha ie taqyryp», — dedi ol.

Avtor óz kitabyn Qazaqstanda tanystyrugha jәne ony jergilikti zertteushilermen talqylaugha mýmkindik alghanyna quanyshty ekenin bildirdi.

Altyn Orda turaly býginde ne belgili?

Joshy úlysy (Altyn Orda) XIII ghasyrda monghol jaulap alushylyghynan keyin qúrylyp, Ortalyq Aziyadan Shyghys Europagha deyingi keng alqapty alyp jatty. Memleketting negizin Shynghys hannyng nemeresi — Batu han qalady. Bastapqyda imperiya әrtýrli halyqtardy biriktirgenimen, uaqyt óte kele onda týrki halyqtary sheshushi ról atqara bastady.

XV ghasyrgha qaray Altyn Orda birneshe derbes handyqtargha ydyrap, olardyng keybiri keyinnen Euraziyanyng sayasy kartasyn qalyptastyruda manyzdy ról atqardy. Osylaysha, fransuz tarihshysynyng payymdauynsha, Altyn Ordany tek bir elding tarihy retinde shekteu — ghylymy túrghydan dúrys emes, al qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghy Joshy úlysy tarihynda ózekti oryn alady.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq ghylymiy-zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

Abai.kz