OTBASYNYNG BEREKESI – IMANDYLYQTAN BASTALADY
«Otbasynda adam boyyndaghy asyl
qasiyetter jarqyray kórinip, qalyptasady.
Otangha degen ystyq sezim – jaqyndaryna,
tughan-tuysqandaryna degen
sýiispenshilikten bastalady»,
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti N.Á.Nazarbaevtyn
2013 jyly 8 qyrkýiekte alghash ret ótkizilgen
«Otbasy kýni» atty merekesinde sóilengen sózi
Qoghamdy tanyp-bilu qoghamda tirshilik etip jýrgen adamdardy tanudan bastalady. Al, adamdardyng adamdyq qasiyetterin tanyp-biluding birden-bir joly – olardyng ómir sýrgen ortasy, yaghny otbasy jәne sol jerde alghan tәlim-tәrbiyesi. Osy orayda, izgi jәne imany tәrbie alghan adam – ónegeli, imandy janúyanyng izgi jemisi ekeni sózsiz.
Otbasy degenimiz – adam balasynyng janyna jaqyn әleumettik ortasy, sonday-aq ata-babamyzdan qalghan salt-dәstýrler men әdet-ghúryptardyng asyl múrasy. Sәby dýniyege kelgennen bastap, onyng ata-anasy jәne otbasy mýsheleri ony alghash ret ómirmen, ózin qorshaghan ortamen jәne minez-qúlyq normalarymen tanystyrady. Demek, búl balanyng keleshekte sanaly azamat bolyp ósuine negiz bolatyn baspaldaq. Janúya – birligi jarasqan orta, bala tәrbiyesindegi basty újym.
Otbasynyng basty maqsaty men temirqazyghy – bala tәrbiyesi. Endeshe, janúya tәrbiyesi – tәrbie aludyng negizgi irgetasy.
Yaghni, adamnyng jeke túlgha bolyp er jetip ósui men adamgershilik qasiyetterdi boyyna sinirui janúyada qalyptasady. Sondyqtan da «Otbasy – ghajap tabighattyng syiy, tirshilik tiregi», – desek qatelespeymiz. Osyghan oray, úl-qyzdarymyzdyng boyyna ar-úyat, adamgershilik, inabattylyq, sýiispenshilik, bereke-birlik, janashyrlyq jәne t.s.s. asyl qasiyetterdi boyyna darytatyn imandylyqtan bastau alghan berekeli otbasynyng zor әseri barshylyq.
«Adamnyng adamshyldyghy – aqyl, ghylym, jaqsy ata, jaqsy ana, jaqsy qúrby, jaqsy ústazdan bolady» dep Abay atamyz beker aitpaghan.[1] Búl degenimiz, otbasy – adamzat úrpaghy ýshin esh nәrsemen salystyrugha jatpaytyn altyn dingek, qasiyetti ómirlik mektep. Mektep dep balanyng aqyl-parasaty men oi-órisin jetildiretin tәlim-tәrbie alatyn újymdy aitamyz. Búl jerde ómirlik mektep róline otbasy, oshaq qasy ie bolyp otyr.
«El bolam desen, besigindi týze» – degen[2] qazaqtyng naqyl sózi otbasyndaghy tәrbiyening adam balasy ýshin qanshalyqty manyzdy ekenin aiqyndap túr.
Baghzy zamannan beri qazaq halqymyz balalaryna salt-dәstýr men әdet-ghúrypqa ainalghan últtyq tәrbie beruge úmtylyp, «ýlkenge qúrmet, kishige izet kórsetu» arqyly barynsha adamgershilik qaghidalardan túratyn imandylyqty basshylyqqa alghan.
Shynynda da, dana hylqymyz aitqanday: «Úly jol ýiinning tabaldyryghynan bastalady» – demekshi, balagha jastayynan adamy qasiyetterge toly ýlgi-ónege kórsetip, ruhany qúndylyqtardy dәriptep, kemeldi túlgha ósirsek, jas úrpaqtyng jarqyn bolashaqqa qol jetkizetinine senimimiz arta týsedi.
Qasiyetti Qúranda Payghambarymyz: «Men eng ghajap kórkem minezdi tolyqtyru ýshin jiberildim» – degen, ómirding eng manyzdy zandylyqtary – tәrbie men imandylyq ekenin kórsetken. Diny túrghydan qarasaq, imandylyqtyng negizin músylman qauymy Qúran Kәrimde dep biledi. Múhammed payghambarymyzdyng minezi turaly Hazireti Aysha bylay degen eken: «Onyng minezi – Qúran».[3] Islamda imandylyqtyng úghymy izgi isterde jatyr, al zayyrly órkeniyetti qoghamda imandylyqtyng úghymy asa qasterli adamgershilik qasiyetterden qúralghan.
Bolashaghy zor, shattyqqa toly, bereke-birligi jarasqan elde ómir sýrgisi kelgen әrbir azamat óz janúyasynyng tәlim-tәrbiyesine, әsirese imany tәrbiyege basty nazar audaruy qajet.
Jalpy imandylyqtyng mәn-maghynasy «iman» degen sózden bastau alady. Kýndelikti ómirde adamzat «iman jýzdi», «boyynda imany bar eken», «imandy adam» dep, adam balasyn iman sózimen baylanystyryp otyrady. Iman degenimiz – arab tilinde «әl-Iman», yaghny «senim» degen maghynany bildiredi, al imandylyq degenimiz – adamnyng kýndelikti ómirde, qoghamda qalyptasqan is-әreketterdi ishtey ruhany túrghydan retteytin ar-úyat, sabyrlyq, adamgershilik, adaldyq, jomarttyq, kishipeyildilik, izgilik pen kisilik belgisi.
Osy jogharyda aitylyp ketken asyl qasiyetterdi boyyna jinaghan adamdy qoghamda «kórgendi», «imandy», «әdepti» dep ataghan.
Payghambarymyz bir hadiysinde: «Imannyng alpystan astam tarmaghy bar, al úyat – imannyng bir tarmaghy» degen.[4] Sol sebepti, «úyalu» – iman amaldarynyng bir týri. Halyqta mynaday maqal bar: «úyat kimde bolsa, iman sonda». Endeshe, «úyaty bar adam – imandy adam» dep, balalarymyzdy saltymyzgha sinisip ketken, ata-babadan qalghan tәrbiyeni jalghastyryp, «úyat bolady» degen sózding maghynasyna zer salyp, jaghymsyz jәne osal qylyqtardan aman saqtap, imandylyqqa boy salghanymyz abzal.
Sebebi qazirgi tanda, osy sózding mәni joghalyp bara jatyr. Ata-analardyng kóbi batystyng tәrbiyesine eliktep, balamyz jasqanshaq, momaqay bolady dep, «úyat bolady» degen sózding týp maghynasyn týsinbey, balalargha nening «jaqsy», nening «jaman» ekenin ýiretpey, boyyna imandylyqtyng dәnin ekpegenning sony ne bolatynyn bilmey jatady. «Otan otbasynan bastalady» degen sózding mәni de osynda túr. Demek, jýreginde imany bar, últtyq tәrbie negizinde qúrylghan otbasy syrtqy jәne ishki kýshterden kelgen soqqylargha der kezinde tótep bere alatynynda esh kýmәn joq. Tarihymyzgha ýnilsek, erte zamanda bir janúyanyng tәrbiyesizdiginen bir ruly elding sýiegine tanba týsken eken. Sondyqtan da, әr ata-ananyng qogham mýshesi retindegi boryshy – bala tәrbiyesine barsha jauapkershilikpen qarap, imandy úrpaq tәrbiyeleu men qoghamgha sanaly mýshe qosu.
Sonymen, otbasynyng baq-berekesi imandylyqtan, al imandylyq imannan bastau alady. Osyghan baylanysty imandylyq bolashaq úrpaqqa imany tәrbie beruge, dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtar men salt-dәstýrdi dәripteytin otbasynda tamyryn jayady.
Býkil dýniyejýzinde oryn alyp jatqan qatygezdik, azghyndyq pen meyirimsizdik – imany joq tәrbiyening nәtiyjesi. Imansyz qalghan adam – baqylausyz qalghan adammen ten. Búl jayynda kórnekti aqyn, aghartushy Abay Qúnanbayúly «On ekinshi qara sózinde» bylay degen: «Kýzetshisiz, eskerusiz iman túrmaydy, yqylasymen ózin-ózi andyp, shyn diny shynshyldap jany ashyp túrmasa, salghyrttyng imany bar dep bolmaydy».[5] Rasynda da, boyyna imandylyqty jinap ósken adam ómirde eshqashan ayaghyn shalys baspaydy.
Qoryta kele, elimizdin, halqymyzdyng jәne últymyzdyng abyroyy әrdayym joghary, ayaghynda nyq túrghan jәne býkil jer jýzi moyyndaghan keregesi keng dәrejede boluy bolashaq úrpaqtyng boyyndaghy últtyq sezim men imandylyqtyng bar boluyna baylanysty. Al búl óz kezeginde elimizde búrynnan qalyptasyp ketken salt-dәstýr men otbasy tәrbiyesine baylanysty.
Naqty aitqanda, otbasynyng berekesi barsha adamzatty adagershilikke, adaldyqqa, meyirimdilik pen parasattylyqqa jeteleytin birden-bir jol – imandylyqtan bastalady. Sondyqtan da qazirgi tanda jas úrpaqty tәrbiyelep otyrghan qazynaly ata-әjelerimiz, ata-analarymyz neghúrlym imandy bolsa, jastarymyz soghúrlym ibaly bolary anyq.
[1] http://almaty-akshamy.kz/2015/08/21/%D1%88%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82-%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B/
A.A. Ahmetova, QR MSM DIK Mәdeniyetter men dinderding halyqaralyq ortalyghy Halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyq bólimining agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri
Abai.kz