Mening songhy kezderi jazghan maqalalarym keybir azamattargha oy salghan siyaqty. Búl bir jaghynan quanyshty jaghday. Jazghan maqalandy eskerip, oghan kelisetinin, kelispeytinin aityp, jauap jazyp jatsa, onda enbeginning esh ketpegeni. Sol pikir bildirip, óz oiyn ashyq aitqan azamattyng biri – Naghashybay Qabylbek.

Ol: «Zikiriya myrza, Sizding jan aiqayynyz, ne aiqay?» atty maqalany «Abai.kz» saytyna jariyalady. Búl maqala qazirgi mening zamandastarymnyng qay mәseleni týsinbeytinine, týsine almaytynyna kózimdi jetkizdi. Eng bastysy halyqtyng kópshiligi dinnin, islam dinining qazaq dalasynda qay formada ómir sýrgendiginen mýldem habarsyzdyghy belgili boldy.

Islam dini – bireu. Ol bólinbeydi. Arabtarda qalay bolsa, bizde de solay boluy kerek degen týsinik. Olay bolsa, mazhabtar qaydan shyqty? Sopylyq tariqattardyng músylman halyqtarynyng tarihyndaghy róli qanday? Olar nelikten tarih sahnasyna shyqty? Álde, búlardyng barlyghy Islamdy búzu ma? Búl súraqtardyng barlyghyna derlik songhy ýsh jyl kóleminde jariyalanghan maqalalarymda jauap berildi. Songhy jariyalanghan «QMDB-nyng strategiyalyq baghyty – Ahl al-Hadiys» atty maqalada mazhabtar arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqtar taldanyp, mazhabtar arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqtyng shyghu sebepteri kórsetilgen bolatyn. Sondyqtan búl mәseleni búl maqala shenberinde qayta qozghamay qoya túralyq.

Endi mening ne ýshin shyryldap jýrgenimning sebebin qysqasha týsindirip óteyin. Qazirgi QMDB-nyng ústanyp otyrghan baghyty – qazaqtyng dәstýrli dini emes – arab dәstýrshildigi, Sharighat joly. Sharighat bolghanda da Abu Hanifa kórsetken jol emes, arab qoghamy ýshin jasalghan sharighat. Sol sebepten qazirgi kýni qazaqtyng ana saltyn, myna dәstýrin joqqa shygharuda. Eng bastysy senim negizderine, әruaqqa tiyisip jatyr. Al, qazaqtyng dәstýrli dinining arabtar ústanghan dinnen ne eresheligi bar? – deytin súraqqa keletin bolsa, onda qazaqtyng dәstýrli dini – sopylyq jol-Yasauy joly. Sopylyq jol demek, ol – ruh әlemimen sabaqtastyqta bolu degendi bildiredi. Sol joldy ústanghan halyqtyng diny tanym negizderinde dýnie isi men aqiyret birtútas degen týsinik qalyptasqan. Demek, Alla men adam arasy bólingen emes. Alla men adamnyng arasyn baylanystyryp túrushy ruh bar. Dinning ózi sol Allanyng Ózi adamgha ýrlegen ruhqa beriledi. Sopylyq joldyng maqsaty – osy Alla men ruh arasyndaghy baylanysty, sabaqtastyqty ýzbeu. Osy kiyeli joldy bizding ata-babalarymyz sol Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdan beri, keshe Elimiz óz tәuelsizdigin alghansha ústanyp keldi. Osy kezge deyin qazaq balasy ata-babasynyng jolyna qarsy kelip, myna nәrse dúrys emes degen týsinik bolghan emes. «Áruaq desen  Allagha serik qosu» degen tanym-týsinik qazaq sanasynda mýlde bolghan emes. Al, býgin QMDB sol joldy ústanyp otyr ma? Joq. Qazirgi kýngi meshit imamdarynyng әngimesi sol «Allagha serik qosushylardan bolmandar» degennen bastalady. Nәtiyjesi «jaman» emes. Basqa jerde emes, Týrkistannyng ózinde Allagha serik qospaushylardyng sany jýz eselep artqanyna songhy bir-eki jylda bayqadyq.

90-jyldary meshitke ait namazdaryna barghandardyng 99% Qoja Ahmet Yasauy basyna baryp, әruaqtargha baghyshtap  Qúran oqyp, qúrmet kórsetetin bolsa, qazirgi kýni ait namazdaryna barghandardyng 1% baryp, qúrmet kórsetuge jaramaydy. Nege? Óitkeni, halyqtyng diny tanymy, týsinigi ózgerdi. Ózgertken kimder? Meshit imamdary. Halyqqa meshit imamdary «Kim de kim әulie dep Yasauy kesenesine ziarat jasaytyn bolsa, onda olar «Pil» sýresinde aitylatyn oqighadaghyday, Allanyng qaharyna úshyraydy» dep uaghyz aitady. Onday uaghyzdy esitken ózin músylman sanaytyn qay adam kesenege baryp, әruaqtardy eske alyp, dúgha jasaydy? Eshkim de! QMDB imamdary osynday uaghyz aityp, qazaqtyng dәstýrli dinine shabuyl jasap jatqanda, men shyryldamay, kim shyryldaydy? Qazaqtyng dәstýrli dini – sopylyq jol-Yasauy joly. Qazaq ruhaniaty naqtylap aitar bolsaq: salt-sanasy, dәstýri, mәdeniyeti, әdebiyeti, әn-jyry, kýii barlyghynda osy Yasauy joly negizinde ruh әlemimen sabaqtasa qalyptasty. Qazaqtyng qay jyr-dastanyn alsang da ruhpen, әruaqpen baylanysty sujetke, oqighagha qúrylghanyn kóruge bolady. Kerek dese, Altyn Orda kezeninen bastap Tәuke hangha deyingi qazaq memlekettigining basqaru jýiesi osy Yasauy jolymen sabaqtas bolatyn. Qazirgi ru, taypa, jýz týrki memleketigining qúramdas bólikteri Joshy úlysy kezeninde Yasauy jolynyng qúrylymdyq jýiesimen sabaqtasa qalyptasqan edi.  Al, QMDB-nyng ústanyp otyrghany, «Hanafy mazhabyndamyz» degenimen, arab dәstýrshiligine negizdelgen sharighat joly. Búl jolda qazaq ruhaniatyna oryn joq. Barlyghy ertengi kýni qajetsiz bolyp, tarih kýresinine laqtyrylady. Olarmen birge qazaq degen halyq ta tarih sahnasynan ózi-aq ketedi. Mýmkin aty qalar, bolmasa basqa bir atqa ie bolar. Ol onshalyqty manyzdy emes. Sonyng barlyghyn kórip, bilip otyryp, nelikten men tynysh otyruym kerek. Áriyne, «Osyny nelikten sen ghana bilesin?  Nege ózge tarihshylar ýn qospaydy?» deytinder de tabylar. Osy salany zerttegen mamany bolghan song maghan qazirgi elimizde jýrip jatqan diny ýderisterding ertengi beretin nәtiyjesining qalay bolatynyn boljau  maghan qiyn emes.  Keshe ghana óz tәuelsizdigin alghan Qazaqstan Respublikasy emes, auzyn aigha bilegen Altyn Orda siyaqty alyp derjavanyng on tórt jyldyng ishinde kýirep, ydyrauyna sebep bolghan osy arab dәstýrshildigi, naqtyraq aitar bolsam, shafighy mazhaby bolatyn. Ózbek han qaytys bolghan song ailamen taqqa otyrghan Jәnibek hannyng memlekette jýrgizgen diniy-sayasy reformasy Yasauy jolyn memleketting basqaru jýiesinen shettetti. Olardyng orynyn shafighy mazhaby ókilderine berdi. Asan Qayghy Jәnibek hangha baryp, rayynan qaytuyn talap etkenimen, nәtiyje shyqpady. Keterinde Asan Qayghy Jәnibek hangha: Qily-qily zaman bolady,

Qaraghay basyn shortan shalady,

Múny nege bilmeysin?

Qosh, aman bol Jәnibek.

Endi meni kórmeysin, - dep, Jәnibek hanmen at qúiryghyn kesisken bolatyn. Biraq, maqsaty absoluttik biylikke jetu bolghan Jәnibek han Asan Qayghynyng aitqanyn qabyl alghan joq. Nәtiyjesi belgili. Altyn Orda kýiredi. Qaraghayday qalyng týrikting basyn, sudaghy shortan orys tabanyna basty. Áuliyening aitqan boljamy qate ketpedi. Sol Altyn Orda kezeninde Jәnibek hannyng tapsyruymen jazylghan keybir shygharmalar týrki halyqtarynyng ruhany tútastyghyn ydyratu jolynda keshegi Kenes ókimeti ornaghansha qyzmet etti. Ol Taftazany atty ghúlamanyng «Sharq aqaidy nasafiya» atty shygharmasy bolatyn. Búl Imam Maturidy mektebining ókili Abu Hafs Omar Nasafiyding «Aqaid nasafiya» atty shygharmasyna arab dәstýrshildigi túrghysynan taldau jasauy, týrki halyqtary sanasyndaghy diny tanym negizderine ziyanyn tiygizdi. Osy Altyn Orda kezeninen bastaghan Yasauy jolyna qarsy jasalghan shabuyl keshegi Qazaq handyghy ydyraghansha toqtaghan joq. Abylay hannyng Yasauy jolyn memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kótermek bolghan әreketi sәtsiz ayaqtalyp, ózi sol jolda qúrban boldy. Sol tarihtan biz sabaq almadyq. Sol qatelikti qazirgi kýni biz taghy qaytalap otyrmyz. Bizding basty qasiretimiz sol qasiretti tarihtan qazirgi kýni qazaq halqynyng habarsyz boluy desem artyq aitqandyq emes. Ózin-ózi tanymaghan, óz tarihynan sabaq almaghan halyq әrkezde osylay ózgening jeteginde ketedi. Sonday syrttan kelgen diny aghymnyng jetegine ergen jandardyng biri – Naghashybay bauyrymyz. Ózi tanymy jaghynan uahhaby bolghanymen, ózin uahhabimyn dep tanymaydy.  Hanafy mazhabyndamyn dep esepteydi. Ol ózining maqalasynda bylay deydi: «Allagha shýbəsiz sengen babalarymday mende Qúrangha basymdy iyip, Payghambargha taghzym etemin. Taqua bolmasam da, shama sharqym jetkenshe paryzdardy oryndaymyn. Ər beysenbi shelpek pisirip tarattyramyn kórshi - kólemge. ....qúdayy - sadaqa esepti.  Kelinning betin ashugha, səlem jasatugha, qabirge baryp qúran oqugha, mýmkindik bolyp jatsa Qoja Ahmet Yassauy babama hijret jasaugha, jaqsy adamnyng batasyn alugha asyghamyn.  Jyr - qissalardy tyndaugha, balalaryma oqytugha tyrysamyn. Aytys - termeni tyndasam delebem qozady. Jylqynyng etin sýisinip jeymin. Qymyz ishemin. Kókpargha týsemin. Tang atqansha dombyra tartamyn. Óleng jazamyn. Allagha meken bermeymin. Eshkimdi kəpir demeymin. Óitkeni men tyndaghan uaghyzdar (QMDB bekitken meshitterde) múnyng bireuine de shirk dep shekteu qoyghan emes. Onda sizding jan aiqayynyz, ne aiqay?»  Biraq Naghashybay bauyrymyz ózin hanafy mazhabynyng ókili sanaghanymen, olay emes. Oghan ózining «Áruaqtardy qúrmetteymin, biraq syiynbaymyn ókinishke oray! SEBEBI ABAY ATAM: "JARATUShY TÚRGhANDA, JARATYLGhANNAN NE SÚRAYSYN" dedi ghoy.»-deydi. Osy sózining ózi-aq Naghashybay baurymyzdyng diny tanymy negizi uahhabiylik ekenin kórsetedi. Abay atamyz eshqashan  «Jaratushy túrghanda, jaratylghannan ne súraysyn.» - dep aitqan emes. Abay atamyzgha telip jýrgen uahhabiylerding sózi. Abayda osynday sóz bar deytin bolsa, әkelsin, dәleldesin! Egerde Abay atamyz onday óleng jazghan bolsa, onda:

«Aqyl men jan men ózim, tәn meniki,

Men menen menikining maghynasy eki.

Men ólmekke taghdyr joq әuel bastan,

Meniki ólse ólsin, oghan beki» - dep jazbaghan bolar edi. Búl jerde Abay atamyz ruhtyng mәngilik sipaty barlyghyn soqyrgha tayaq ústatqanday etip kórsetip otyr. Odan ary qaray Abay atamyz ózining búl oiyn búdan ary qaray bylaysha tarqatady:

«Tabighat ólse óler adam ólmes,

Biraq ol qayta kelip oinap kýlmes.

Men menen menikining airylghanyn,

Óldi dep at qoyypty, ónsheng bilmes.» Múnday ólendi jazghan Abay atamyzdyng ruhty joqqa shygharuy mýmkin be? Joq. Ruhty moyyndamaghan kisi múnday ólendi jaza almaydy jәne jazuy mýmkin emes. Ruhty, ruhaniatty moyyndamaghan adam tereng maghynaly bir nәrse jaza almaydy. Sebebi, ruhty, ruh әlemimen sabaqtastyqty moyyndamaghan adamnyng oiy әr kezde shekteuli bolady. Óitkeni, sharighat tek tәn ýshin berilgen, adamnyn, qoghamnyng ortaq zandylyqtaryn rettep otyratyn bilim jýiesi.

Naghashybay bauyrymyz, ózining qazaqtyng dәstýrin ústanatynyn, óleng jazatynyn, dombyra tartatynyn tәptishtep jazypty. Ras, ol әzirge ózin qazaq sezinedi. Qazaq bolugha, ata-babasynyng jolymen jýruge tyrysady. Biraq múnyng bәri onyng diny tanymy men senimine qayshy. Sondyqtan onyng búl ústanymy úzaqqa barmauy mýmkin nemese syrtqy formasyn ghana ústanyp ótui yqtimal. Bәri bir búl onyng shynayy tanym týsinigi emes. Men jazghan maqalalardy oqyghanda ózin uahhabist sezinui onyng kónil týkpirinde sol uahhabiylik tanym jatqandyghyn kórsetedi.

Zikiriya Jandarbek

Abai.kz