(ghylymiy-tanymdyq esse)

Qogham algha basyp damyghan sayyn ghylym ainalagha ash kózdene qarap, barlyghyna tynnan týren salugha yntyzar boldy. Kýn, ai, júldyz, ghalamshar, kempirqosaq, búlt bәri-bәri birtindep sholaq oidyng tar shenberdegi payymynan yrshyp shyghyp, eng aldymen ghylymy tanymnyng sheksiz kókjiyegine bet aldy. Aqyndar jyrlaytyn tanghajayyp oqighalar men jaujýrek batyrlar ertegi әlemine qaray jol tartty. Jastar jaghy Gesiodtyng shygharghan «kóp qúday» turaly úzyn sonar jyrlaryna kýle qarap, Gomerge tamsanyp, tabynushylardyng qatary da siyrey bastaghan.

Gesiodten song bir buyn almasty. Jana dәuir tuyp, jyrdy da, oi-sanany da janalaudy talap ete bastady. Grek elinde Ksenofan degen qarapayym aqyn boldy. Ol kifar dep atalatyn kóp ishekti saz aspabyn ózine adal qyzmetshisi qariyagha kótertip  alyp, Ellada qalasynyng shandy kóshelerin jayau aralar edi. Aqyn shyndyqtyng izin qaytsem de tabamyn dep әlemdi kezgen kórinedi. Ýisiz-kýisiz, jadap-jýdep ystyqqa kýidi, suyqqa tondy. Qalalargha barghanda adamdar jan-jaqtan qaumalap, bay-manaptar ýilerine aparyp, tәtti-dәmdisin aldyna tosady eken. Kezbe jyrshynyng sózin tyndaugha júrtshylyq asa yqylasty edi.

(ghylymiy-tanymdyq esse)

Qogham algha basyp damyghan sayyn ghylym ainalagha ash kózdene qarap, barlyghyna tynnan týren salugha yntyzar boldy. Kýn, ai, júldyz, ghalamshar, kempirqosaq, búlt bәri-bәri birtindep sholaq oidyng tar shenberdegi payymynan yrshyp shyghyp, eng aldymen ghylymy tanymnyng sheksiz kókjiyegine bet aldy. Aqyndar jyrlaytyn tanghajayyp oqighalar men jaujýrek batyrlar ertegi әlemine qaray jol tartty. Jastar jaghy Gesiodtyng shygharghan «kóp qúday» turaly úzyn sonar jyrlaryna kýle qarap, Gomerge tamsanyp, tabynushylardyng qatary da siyrey bastaghan.

Gesiodten song bir buyn almasty. Jana dәuir tuyp, jyrdy da, oi-sanany da janalaudy talap ete bastady. Grek elinde Ksenofan degen qarapayym aqyn boldy. Ol kifar dep atalatyn kóp ishekti saz aspabyn ózine adal qyzmetshisi qariyagha kótertip  alyp, Ellada qalasynyng shandy kóshelerin jayau aralar edi. Aqyn shyndyqtyng izin qaytsem de tabamyn dep әlemdi kezgen kórinedi. Ýisiz-kýisiz, jadap-jýdep ystyqqa kýidi, suyqqa tondy. Qalalargha barghanda adamdar jan-jaqtan qaumalap, bay-manaptar ýilerine aparyp, tәtti-dәmdisin aldyna tosady eken. Kezbe jyrshynyng sózin tyndaugha júrtshylyq asa yqylasty edi.

Ksenofan eshkimge úqsamaytyn dara túlgha boldy. Onyng zamandastary Gomer men Gesiodtyng sózderin jaqtary talghansha jatqa aitsa, Ksenofan ol aqyndardy mýlde mensinbeytin kórinedi. «Gomer men Gesiod adamda ghana bolatyn kýnәlardy Qúdaygha aparyp teligen. Olar úrlyq jasady, bir-birlerin aldap jýgensizdikke bardy» dep sayraydy eken. Jinalghandar onyng batyl әri ótkir sózderin «osy bir buyryl saqaldy qart aqynnyng shynymen de eshkimnen qoryqpaytyn qanday qúdireti bar?» - desip tandana tyndaydy. Ol sol kezding ózinde qazirgi islam dinining qaghidalarymen ýndesetin uaghyzdar aitady eken. Mysaly, «Qúdaygha zor qúrmetpen qarau kerek. Qúdaydy adam sekildi tuatyn, kiyinetin, bizben sóilesetin, syrtqy pishini ózimiz sekildi dep oilap jýrmegin! Ony erte zamanda dýniyege keldi desender de kýnә bolady. Ony әrkim óz bilgeninshe beynelep, suret sala da almaydy».

Búdan sәl búrynyraqta halyq múnday sóz estise esterinen tanyp, abyrjyghan bolar edi. Al, sol kezeng eski tanym-týisikting irgesi bosap, shayqalyp túrghan dәuiri bolatyn. Adamdar onyng әr sózine zeyin qoyyp, shyndyqtyng joly, qúdayshylyq degenimiz ne dep saual qoyady eken. «Adam qúdaydy kórgen emes, kórmeydi de. Adam shyndyqty aitugha batyly jetkenimen ony tanugha qúlyqsyz. Qúday adam balasyna barlyq dýniyening syryn ashyp bergen joq. Adamdar tynymsyz izdenuding arqasynda ghana birtindep shyndyqqa jaqynday týsedi».

Jaratushy jayynda Ksenofan janasha jyrlady. «Qúday - tabighat sekildi mәngi, aspan әlemi syndy sheksiz әri jalghyz. Qúday - barlyq dýniye, tabighat, kýlli әlem! Barlyq dýnie qúbylmaly. Alayda, dýnie men Qúday ghana mәngi. Ol janadan payda bolmaydy, joghalyp qúryp ketpeydi...».

Ár kýn sayyn Ksenofan bir otbasynyng qúrmetti әri syily qonaghy bolady, tanerteng ol ýiden shyghady. Adal serigi qonghan ýiinen baghaly syilyq alghanyna mәz. Al, Ksenofan otbasy mýshelerining óz sózin úiyp tyndaghanyna zor quanyshty.

Alayda, Gomer men Gesiodty әjualaghan әzilqoy jyrshyny jek kóretinder de barshylyq edi. Keybir baylar ózderin Qúdaymen tuys sanaytyndyqtan qart aqyngha ólerdey óshigetin. Dýnie men dәuletting qúlyna ainalghan, jasandy shashtarymen maqtanugha qúmar pasyq baylardy Ksenofan da jiyirkene jek kóretin. Baylyqqa mastanghan olar alaulaghan peshting qasynda sharaptaryn soraptap otyryp, qart aqynnyng basynda ýii, bauyrynda qazany joqtyghyn tabalap kýler edi. Aqynnyng kedeyligi sol baylardyng kesirinen bolatyn. Sebebi, tóbeleste algha shyqqandardy ol tústa ýkimet óz asyrauyna alatyn. Ókinishke qaray, bilekting kýshi baghalanghanymen bilimdining aqyl oiy qúndylyqqa jaramaghan kez. Ol tústa ruhany oidyng әleuetin adamdardyng týsinip-týisinbegen zamany bolsa, qazir ghalymdardan zalymdar ozghan kez tuyp otyr.

Miylet qalasy manyndaghy Samosta qúdaygha senuden qalyp, tabynatyn jana bir nysan tapqan. Onysy, sol tústa adam balasynyng aqylyna qonbaghan qaydaghy bir manet aqsha edi. Aqshany neghúrlym kóp jinaghan sayyn qúdaygha degen senim de soghúrlym azaya týsedi.

Samos qalasynyng túrghyny qaradan shyqqan Polikrat esimdi bir pysyq jigit shaghyn óndiris ashady. Onyng kәsipornynda jiyrmashaqty qúl tang sәriden júldyz jamyraghansha júmys istep, kórse kóz toymastay әsem ýy jihazdaryn, bay-manaptardyng toy-tomalaqta qoldanatyn baghaly qasyqtaryn, shanyshqylaryn jasap bayyp shygha keledi. Keshikpey jelkendi keme jasap, jolaushylar jinaydy, olardy araldan aralgha sayahat jasatyp, altyn-jamby men jibek matalardyng astynda qalady. Manet aqsha degender de dorba-dorbasymen ýiilip qalady. Aqshanyng arqasynda әlgi Polikrat ýkimet biyligin de ashsa alaqanynda, júmsa júdyryghynda ústaydy. Oghan saudagerler, ústalar men aghash sheberleri, keme qojayyndary qatty quansa kerek.

Alayda, ózderin tәnirden jaralghan aq sýiek sanaytyn adamdar Polikrattyng zәulim әsem ordasyn kórip «qaradan shyqqan jannyng peshenesine múnshalyqty nәsip búiyrmasa kerek-ti» desip qabaqtarynan qar jauyp, qyzghanyshtyng qyzyl iyti ózekterin órteydi. Aqyry olar qúdaylar óz ýlesterin talap etip jatyr degendey maghynasyz ósek taratady. Oghan imanday sengen Polikrat ózining asa baghaly bilezigin múhiytqa laqtyrady. Onysy, ózining qaramaghyndaghy bir anshysy aulaghan balyqtyng qarnynan tabylady. Túp-tura «jýgirgen jetpes, búiyrghan ketpestin» keri. Aqsýiekter qúdaylarynyng Olimp tauynyng shynynan kórip túrghanyna senimdi edi. Biraq, nege qaradan shyqqan jannyng bangyna, asyl tekti bizding әupirimdep kýn kóruimizge jol beredi eken desip shulasty.

Aqsýiekter kim qútqarushy bolaryn izdep әurege týsti. Kedeylenip ketken olar qúday men adam arasyndaghy deldal retinde Pifagor danyshpandy tandaydy. Ózderin tәnirden taralghan sanaytyn bir top danyshpanmen kýnde kenes ótkizedi. Alayda, ne turaly aqyldasyp jýrgendikterinen bәri beyhabar. Olardyng múnday kezdesulerinen kýdiktengen Polikrat aragha óz jansyzdaryn da salyp qoyady.

Alayda, Pifagor tym keshikpey Samos qalasynan birjolata ketip qalady. Oghan tabynushylar «diktatura shegine jetip, aqyry, bostandyqty pir tútatyn adamnyng oghan tózbeytindey ahual qalyptasqandyqtan ol ketip tyndy» dep mәlimdedi. Pifagordyng Mysyr, Vavilon elderin aralap jýrgeni jayynda habar taraghan. Keyin Italiyanyng Kroton qalasyn túrghylyqty mekendegeni belgili bolghan. Ol tústa atalmysh qalada qoghamdaghy tepe-tendikting búzylghan shaghy edi. Biylik jalpy halyqqa berile me, әlde, tәnirding sýigen qúldary aqsýiekterge tiyesili bola ma degen daudyng órship túrghan kezi bolatyn.

Aqsýiekter júdyryqtasudyn  olimptik sayysynda top jaryp, ataqqa shyqqan Milon esimdi jigitti basshy etken. Ol batyr er barystyng iylengen terisin iyghyna ilip, qolyna shoqpar alyp shayqas alanyna shyqqanda qarsy kelgen dúshpannyng jýregi dualamay qanjaryn tastap qasha jóneledi eken. Alayda, Milonda bilekting kýshi mol bolghanymen ol shyndyghynda, bilikting әleueti ataulydan júrday pende edi. Krotondyq aqsýiekterde shyn mәninde dana basshy, danyshpan ústaz jetpey túrghan. Onyng ornyn Pifagor basty. Ol ýnemi jastardy ainalasyna jinap alady da: «Órenderim, ainalagha qarandarshy! Býkil әlem layyqty qalyptasqan tәrtip pen erejege baghynady. Bar dýnie ýilesimge, ólshemge, sandyq esepke baghynyshty» - dep syr shertedi. Pifagor lir atty kóp ishekti muzykalyq aspaptyng arnayy qúlaqtaryn birde qatty búrap sozyp, endi birde bosatqanda onyng dybysynyng eseptik sangha baghynyp, joghary-tómen bolyp estiletini angharylady. Osylaysha, ol saz aspabynyng qúpiya syryn ashady.

Ol qúmgha kóptegen ýshbúryshtar salady da beyneler әleminde esepting biyleushi ról atqaratyndyghyn týsindiredi. Esep-qisap, týzu syzbalar, sharshy beyneler ainala әlemdi retsizdikten qútqarady, formasyz dýniyening bitim-bolmysyn  jasaydy, sheksizdikke ólshem belgileydi.

Ayly týnde Pifagor shәkirtterine sansyz júldyz jymyndaghan aspandy núsqap, onda da esep, ólshem men yrghaqtylyq biyleushi ról atqaratyndyghyn týsindiredi. Júldyzdar da belgili bir uaqytta shyghady, óz jolymen jýrip, naqty bir merzimde boy tasalaydy. Dýnie әlemindegi  jaryq pen jylylyqty әkelushi eng kiyeli zat - ot.  Dýniyeni jarylqaushy basty әri kiyeli «ot» ol - kýn. Onyng ainalasynda ondaghan hrustaldyq jýie bar. Kýn, ai, júldyz, ghalamsharlar sol jýie boyynsha ornalasqan. Bizding jer ghalamshary da onyng jalpy zandylyghyna baghynady. Beynebir otty ainala biylep jýrgen biyshiler toby ispetti. Barlyghy naqty esepke negizdeledi. Pifagor osylaysha ózindik  ghylymy janalyghyn ashty. Ol әlemning bastaluy da, jalpy sipaty da tek esepte dep bildi. Shәkirtteri de oghan nyq senimdi boldy, aitqandaryn zeyin sala tyndady.

«Álemdi esep, ólshem, ýilesim ýsheui biyleydi. Qúday on segiz myng ghalamda myzghymas qatang tәrtip ornatqan. Barlyq ghalamshar sol zangha baghynady. Olay bolsa, adam balasy da sol zandylyqtan tysqary qalmaq emes» - dep ol din men ghylymdy úshtastyrghan qaghidalaryn shәkirtterining boyyna sinirumen boldy. Pifagordyng ghylymda jasaghan úly janalyghy kezinde qaranghylyqtyng soqqysy men qarsylyghyna qatty úshyrasa da uaqyt synyna tótep berip, mәngilik sipatta ekendigin dәleldedi. «Esep bilmegen esek» dep qazaq babalarymyz aitqanday, ghylymnyng kilti de sonda ekendigin býginde dәleldep jatudyng ózi artyq.

Matematikalyq formulalarsyz múhit múzyn jarghysh kemeler men gharysh zymyrandaryn jasay alar ma edik?! Tipti, qyl ayaghy tunneli, kópirlerdi de esep-qisapqa sýienbey saluymyz mýmkin emestigi anyq. Aqparattyq jýieler men tehnologiyalar da býginde soghan sýienip otyr. Orta mektepte pifagor teoremasyn oqyghanyn eshkim úmytpaghan bolar. Olay bolsa, proporstyq, progrestik amaldary, taq jәne júp sandar deysiz be, ýshbúryshtyq, 180 gradustyq sekildi kezinde biraz basymyzdy qatyrghan ghylymy izdenisterding týp negizin qalap, onyng ómirshendigin dәleldep bergendigi onyng jetken shyndyghynyng ólmestigin aighaqtasa kerek. Myndaghan jyldar ótse de shyndyqtyng zyndannyng týbinde jatsa da shirimesining kepili osy bolar.

«Abay-aqparat»