Bizding jyl sanauymyzdyng 1787 jyly 25 mamyrynda әlemdegi eng qúdyretti elding ata zanyn qabyldaugha arnalghan Filadelifiya mәjilisi óz júmysyn bastady. Mәjilis saltanatyn altynmen aptalyp, kýmispen kýptelgen sәndi saraylarda ótetin bizdegi Parlament otyrystarynyng aibynymen salystyru mýlde mýmkin emes. Ondaghy mәjilis zaly kórer kózge óte qorash, tóraghalar jayghasatyn biyik minbe degen atymen joq. Stol, oryndyqtar qalay bolsa solay qoyylghan auyldyng qarapayym habaqhanasynan esh parqy joq edi. Al mәjilis delagattary da Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng taghdyryn sheshuge jinalghan salauatty sayasatshylardan góri habaqhanagha shәy ishuge nemese tәnerteng birer tostaghan syra iship, bas jazyugha jinalghan auyl adamdaryna kóbirek úqsaytyn. Shynynda da, olardyn  basym kópshiligi auyldyq jerden saylanghan dalanyng erkin kókjaldary edi. Olar mәjilis otyrystarynda ózin óte erkin sezinetin. Otyrystargha qalasa qatysatyn, qalamasa shyghyp jýre beretin. Óz oilaryn eshkimning qabaghyna qaramay býkpeksiz ashyq aitatyn. Tipti, bir-birining sózin tospay qyzyl kenirdek bolyp daulasyp jatatyn. Olardy tәrtipke shaqyrugha da eshkimning biyligi jýrmeytin edi. Delagattardyng sayasy kózqarasy, kәsibi, shyghu tegi, ekonomikalyq әl-auqaty, ósken ortasy da týrlishe bolatyn. Osy bir top dala taghylarynyng bostandyqqa eti ýirengeny sonsha, eger ishki-syrtqy jaghday mәjbýrlemegende, olargha memleket pen ýkimetting de eshbir qajeti joqtay kóriniushi edi.

Bizding jyl sanauymyzdyng 1787 jyly 25 mamyrynda әlemdegi eng qúdyretti elding ata zanyn qabyldaugha arnalghan Filadelifiya mәjilisi óz júmysyn bastady. Mәjilis saltanatyn altynmen aptalyp, kýmispen kýptelgen sәndi saraylarda ótetin bizdegi Parlament otyrystarynyng aibynymen salystyru mýlde mýmkin emes. Ondaghy mәjilis zaly kórer kózge óte qorash, tóraghalar jayghasatyn biyik minbe degen atymen joq. Stol, oryndyqtar qalay bolsa solay qoyylghan auyldyng qarapayym habaqhanasynan esh parqy joq edi. Al mәjilis delagattary da Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynyng taghdyryn sheshuge jinalghan salauatty sayasatshylardan góri habaqhanagha shәy ishuge nemese tәnerteng birer tostaghan syra iship, bas jazyugha jinalghan auyl adamdaryna kóbirek úqsaytyn. Shynynda da, olardyn  basym kópshiligi auyldyq jerden saylanghan dalanyng erkin kókjaldary edi. Olar mәjilis otyrystarynda ózin óte erkin sezinetin. Otyrystargha qalasa qatysatyn, qalamasa shyghyp jýre beretin. Óz oilaryn eshkimning qabaghyna qaramay býkpeksiz ashyq aitatyn. Tipti, bir-birining sózin tospay qyzyl kenirdek bolyp daulasyp jatatyn. Olardy tәrtipke shaqyrugha da eshkimning biyligi jýrmeytin edi. Delagattardyng sayasy kózqarasy, kәsibi, shyghu tegi, ekonomikalyq әl-auqaty, ósken ortasy da týrlishe bolatyn. Osy bir top dala taghylarynyng bostandyqqa eti ýirengeny sonsha, eger ishki-syrtqy jaghday mәjbýrlemegende, olargha memleket pen ýkimetting de eshbir qajeti joqtay kóriniushi edi. Sol sebepti de olar búl aragha qúdaydyng zorlyghymen amalsyz bas qosty. Ár shtattan saylanaghan delagattar mәjilis  bolatyn jerge biri erte, biri kesh jinalady. Tipti, mәjiliske ókil jiberuden bas tartqan shtattar men óz ókilderine jol qarajat tauyp bere almaghan shtattarda boldy. Osynday jaghdaylardyng kesirinen mәjilis belgilengen uaqyttan 11 kýn keshigip bastaldy. Jәne sonyng ózinde nebary jeti shtattyng ókilderi ghana kelip ýlgergen bolatyn.

Osydan keyin múnsha qiyndyqpen qúryltay shaqyryp, zang qabyldaudyng qanday qajettiligi boldy eken degen zandy súraqtyng óz-ózinen tuyndaytyny sózsiz. Endi osyghan toqtalayyq. AQSh tarihyna kóz jibersek, osy bir alyp derjauanyng el bolu tarihy 1976 jyly 4 shildede jariyalanghan «Tәuelsizdik jarnamasynan» bastau alady. Al odan býryn shy? Odan býryn soltýstik Amerika qúrlyghynda memleket emes Úly Britaniya imperiyasynyng otarlary bolatyn. Imperiyanyng osy ónirdegi otar aimaqtary týrlishe kezenderde jәne týrlishe jaghdaylarda qalyptasty. Aghylshyn imperatorynyng búl aimaqtargha syrttay iyelik qúqyghy  bolghanmen, is jýzinde olar ózderin-ózderi derbes basqardy. 1607 jyldan 1732 jylgha deyin múnday otar aimaqtardyng 16-sy qúryldy. Keyin ýsheui basqalargha qosyldy da 13 ortalyq aimaq bolyp qalyptasty. Olar soltýstikten  ontýstikke qaray Niu-Hempshiyr, Masachusets, Rod-Aylend, Konektikýt, Niu-York, Niu-Djersi, Pensilivaniya, Delaver, Meriylend, Virginiya, soltýstik jәne ontýstik Karolina, Djordjiya aimaqtary edi. Búl otar aimaqtardyn  qalyptasu joldary da әr qily boldy. Mysaly, Virginiya men Masachusets otar aimaqtarynyng negizin salushylar aiyryqsha qúqyqty kompanialar bolsa, Niu-Hempshiyr, Meriylent,  ontýstik jәne soltýstik Korolina, Nu-Djersi, Pensilivaniya aimaqtary aghylshyn aqsýiekterine Koroli sigha tartqan jerlerden boy kóterdi. Al Rod-Aylend, Konnektikut otarlary Rodjer-Uilyams siyaqty erkin oily adamdardyng bastauymen aiyryqsha qúqyqty kompaniyalardan bólinip, shekaralyq ónirlerde jana eldi mekender  salu arqyly, túrghyndardyng ózara kelisimimen avtonomiyaly aimaqtar qalyptastyrdy.

Týrlishe jaghdayda qalyptasqan otar aimaqtar óz aldyna týtin týtetip, óz kýnderin ózi kóretindikten, ómir sýru tәsili, basqaru jýiesi, qoghamdyq tәrtipi jәne damu dengeyi de bir-birinen ózgeshe bolatyn. Tәuelsizdik jolynda soghys tútanghangha deyin olar bir-birine qol ýshin bermeytin, ózara at izin salmaytyn tomagha túiyq jaghdayda ómir sýrdi. Olardyng basyn qosyp bir tútas basqarudyng asa qymbatqa týsetindigin sezgen Britan Ýkimeti de otar aimaqtardy biriktiruge qúlyqty bolghan joq. Múnday betimen ketken berekesiz aimaqtardyng basyn qosyp, bir memleket qúrudy qiyaldaudyng ózi qorqynysh edi. Tipti, olardy bir dastarqannyng basyna jinap, kenesuding ózi qiynnyng hiyameti bolatyn. Eger sol kezdegi Britan Parlamenti astamshylyq tanytyp, jana otarshyldyq jýie qalaptastyru ýshin 1774 jyly bes birdey shekten shyqqan zang jobasyn qabyldamaghanda, otar aimaqtar sol bayaghyday bir-birine at izin salmaghan kýide óz betimen ómir sýre berui de bek mýmkin edi.

Atalghan zang jobalarynda eger Britan mәnsaptylarynyng ýstinen shaghymdanghan otar aimaqtar túrghyndarynyng aryzy otar aimaqtardyng ózinde emes, tek Britan aimaghynda qaralady. Britan әskerleri otar aimaqtar túrghyndarynyng ýiine qalaghan uaqytynda basyp kirip, tintu jýrgize alady. Masachusetstyng óz-ózin basqaru qúqyghy joyylady. t.b.

Áriyne, múnday shekten shyghushylyqqa  әste týzuge bolmaytyn edi. Tәuelsizdik pen bostandyqty óz ómirlerinen joghary qoyyp ýirengen adamdar ýshin múnday kemsitu men qorlaugha kónu ólimmen birdey bolatyn. Biraq, Britan koroliy Georg III osynshama halyqtyng órkeniyetti Angeliyadan ketip, adam ayaghy baspaghan qúlazyghan qu dalagha kelui erkin, tәuelsiz ómir sýru ýshin ekendigin týsingisi kelmedi. Ásirese,  Masachusetsterdi óz-ózin basqaru qúqyghynan aiyru baryp túrghan sayasy kórsoqyrlyq bolatyn.

1620 jyly Angliyalyq Piligrimderding (dinniy reformashylyr) eng alghashqy bólegi Gollandiyanyng Leyden qalasynan «Meyflauer» kemesine otyryp, tenizde 66 kýn sapar shegedi. Olar kemede Piligrimderding biylik qúrylysy turaly qújat qabyldaydy. Ol bizge «Meyflyauerdegi kelsim» degen atpen belgili. Alghashqy topta  Masachusetstke qonys tepken osy bir qaysar jandar  nebary 102 adam ghana bolatyn. Sol jylghy qatal qystyng ózi olardyng 58 ining ómirin jalmady. Keler kóktem de «Meyflauer» kemesi osy aragha qayta oralghanda tiri qalghandardyng birde-bireuining órkeniyetti Angliyagha qaytqysy kelmey osy bir qúlazyghan qudalada erkin ómir keshudi tandauy keme kapitanyn tan-tamasha qaldyrghan bolatyn. Býginde Ameriklyqtardyn  «Meyflauer» kemesimen kelgenderdi Amerika ruhynyng bastauy sanap, maqtanysh etetindigi de sol sebepti bolsa kerek.

Astamshyl korolidyng otar aimaqtardy tizege salyp, kýshpen kóndirmek bolghan qatygez sayasatynyng aqyry otar aimaqtar halqyn qarugha jýginip,óz qúqyq-mýddesin qanmen qorghaugha mәjbýr etti.  Áriyne, olar birden qan tógiske asyqqan joq. Mәseleni beybit jolmen týsinistik pen kelisim arqyly sheshuding barlyq mýmkindikterin qarastyrdy. 1774 jyly 5 qyrkýiekte Filyadelifiyada shaqyrylghan túnghysh qúrlyqtyq kongress te «Qúqyqtyq deklarasiya» qabyldap, korolidan adam týzgisiz zang әktilerining kýshin joyyp, beybit kelisimge keludi talap etti. Amerikandyq tónkerisshi Djozeforren Aghylshyn dosyna jazghan hatynda: "Talasty beybit jolmen sheshuge әli de kesh emes. Biraq, men mynaghan kәmil senemin. Eger ..........bizding elge Parlamentting songhy әktilerin jýzege asyru ýshin әsker keletin bolsa, Britandyqtargha býkil Amerikadan ketuge tura keledi " -dep eskertken bolatyn. Ókinishke qaray, halyqqa birinshi bolyp qaru kezengen de Korolidyng ózi boldy.  Búghan jauap retinde otar aimaqtar  da qarugha qarumen jauap berdi. 1775 jyly 10 mamyrda Filyadelifiya da qúrlyqtyq armiya jasaqtalyp, oghan polkovnik Djordj Vashington  bas qolbasshy bolyp taghayyndaldy. Tolarsaqtan qan keshken qatygez soghys segiz jylgha sozylyp, otar aimaqtardyng jenisimen ayaqtaldy.

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