«Islam qauymdastyghyna beybitshilik, janghyru, ghylymiy-tehnikalyq damu jәne órkendeu auaday qajet» N.Á. Nazarbaev

Zamanmen birge ózgergen әlem

«Islam qauymdastyghyna beybitshilik, janghyru, ghylymiy-tehnikalyq damu jәne órkendeu auaday qajet» N.Á. Nazarbaev

Zamanmen birge ózgergen әlem

Bir kezderi Europadaghy renessans dәuirine týrtki bolghan, ozyq ghylymy jetistikteri ar­qyly órkeniyet kóshin algha sýiregen islam әlemine HIH ghasyr orasan zor qayghy-qasiret ala keldi. Áldeqashan nadandyq búlty túmshalap, qaranghylyq perdesi týsken, әleueti әlsirep, kedeyshilikting ashy zardabyn tartqan, alauyz­dyq jaylap, altybaqan bolghan jer jýzindegi músylman jamaghaty alasapyran ghasyrda bostan kýnin úmytyp, bodandyq qamytyn kiydi. HH ghasyrdyng ba­syndaghy jahandyq soghystan keyin Osman memleketining kýireuimen birge islam әlemi tereng kýizelisti bastan keshti. Batystyng basymdyghy artqan osy tústa Sham men My­syrdyn, Ystambúl men Qazannyng ghalymdary osy tym kýrdeli mәselening bayybyna barugha úmtylyp, órke­niyet kóshindegi keruennen artta qalushy­lyqtyng sebepterin indete zerttey bastady. Basqa týsken qúldyq olardy: «Biz nege múnday halge týstik, nege bodan boldyq?» degen pikirding tónireginde tereng oilanugha jeteledi. Islam ghúlamalarynyng pikirinshe, islam dini - Alladan týsken aqyr­ghy, kәmil din, endeshe, artta qalugha sebepshi bolghan islam emes, sol dinning qaghidattaryn janylys tәpsirlegen músylman­dar edi. Olay bolsa, jýrip ótken joldy qayta sholyp, janylys jiberilgen tús­tardan qory­tyndy shygharyp, sanany ózgertu kerek eken. Osyn­day oi-tújyrymgha kelgen kóptegen ghúla­ma­lar HH ghasyr basynda islam әlemin janghyr­tu turaly bastamalar kóterip, sonyng nәtiy­jesinde Ystambúlda «yslahat», Mysyrda «tәjdiyt», Qazan men Qyrymda «jәdiyt» qozgha­lystary keng auqymda taray bas­tady. Shahabeddin Marjani, Ismail Ghas­pyraly syndy oishyl, aghartushy ghalym­dardan bastau alghan jәditshildik qazaq jerine Abay, Shә­kәrim, Mәshhýr Jýsip jәne Ahmet Bay­túr­synov arqyly tamyr tartty.

Shyn mәninde sol tústaghy islam әlemining artta qaluyna ne sebep boldy? Ghalymdardyng oi-pikirlerin saralay kele, negizgi sebepterdi bylaysha tújyrymdaugha bolatyn siyaqty: nadandyq, alauyzdyq, tomagha-túiyqtyq. Búl oidy odan әri qauzasaq, dýniyedegi býkil indet­ting basynda nadandyqtyng túratyny jasyryn emes. Al ózara alauyzdyq músyl­man­dardy bodandyqqa әkeldi, bodandyq erkin oilau qúqynan aiyryp, tomagha-túiyqtyqqa tiredi. Múnyng bәri músylmandardy taqyr kedeyshilikke, aqyr ayaghy ashtyqqa úryndyrdy.

Rasynda, Shynghys hannyng joryghynan keyin qúldyrap, búrynghy qúdiretinen aiyryl­ghan islam әlemi toqmeyilsuge, kertart­palyqqa boy aldyrdy. Onyng sony mektep, medrese jәne zauie birligining ajyrauyna, dәlirek aitqanda, medresening qasang qaghidat­tardyng erkine berilip, ruhaniyattan irge ajyratuyna jәne pәn ghylymdaryn shettetuine әkelip soqty. Osylay­sha aqyl men jýrekting arasyna auyr syzat týsti. Zamana qúbylysyn aiqyn angharghan Abaydyng «búl kýndegi tahsil ghulum eski medreseler ghúr­pynda bolyp, búl zamangha paydasy joq boldy» dey otyryp, oghan em-shipa retinde aqyl, jýrek, qayrattyng birligin úsynuy sondyqtan.

Zadynda, kýlli әlemge, barsha adamzatqa jәne býkil dәuirlerge arnalghan Jaratqan­nyng joldauy bolghandyqtan, islam - ýnemi jana­ryp, janalanyp otyratyn din. Búl jerde bir jәitti dúrys angharghan jón: dinning ózegi, imannyng sharttary, senim negizderi ózger­meydi; janaryp otyratyn - islamnyng ómir salty. Sondyqtan, iman, yaghny senim negizderi bir bolghanymen adamzattyng ósui men órisine jәne dәuirlerine sәikes kelgen pay­gham­barlar Allanyng әmiri men ómir saltyn janartu arqyly dindi ýzdiksiz tolyq­tyryp otyrghan. Árbir payghambar kelgen sayyn uahy arqyly adamzat balasynyng dini óristep, mi­nez-qúlqy men ghylymy órkendey týsken. Sondyqtan, órkeniyetting kósh basynda qashan­da paygham­barlar túrghan. Osylaysha Múhammed aleyhissalammen birge din kemeline keldi, biraq din toqyraugha úshyraghan joq. Óitkeni, әsem attarynyng biri «ýzdiksiz, údayy Jaratushy» degen maghyna beretin Alla taghala týsirgen Qúrannyng jana ayattary­men eski ayattardyng ýkimin janalau arqyly islam aqiqatynyng әr dәuirge sәikes óz shyndyghy bar ekenin sana­largha úqtyrdy. Hadiske sýiensek, búdan by­lay islam negizderin zamangha sәikes tәpsirleu isi mujaddit ghalymdargha jýkteldi. Mәselen, «islamnyng dәleli» atanghan imam Ghazaly sonday ghalymnyng biri edi. Ghazaly amanatyn Marjany arqyly qabyldaghan Abay da jana­lyq­tyng lebin sezindi.

Bir orynda túrmaytyn dәuir donghalaghy tegershiginen zymyrap ainaldy. Zamanmen birge dýnie de ózgerdi. Músylman elderi HH ghasyr­dyng orta sheni men HHI ghasyrgha iyek artqan almaghayyp tústa tәuelsizdikterin ja­riyalady. Degenmen, kóptegen músylman elderi ótken ghasyrdaghy kertartpalyqtan aiygha almady. Qarjy daghdarysyn bastan keshken, kedeyshilik qamytyn kiygen, әleumet­tik tensiz­dikke úshyra­ghan biraz músylman elderinde týrli tónkerister oryn alyp, kóz aldy­myzda sayasy rejimder auysty. Sonyng saldarynan jýz myndaghan músyl­mandar ashtan qyrylyp, Otanynan jyraqqa aua kóshken bosqyndar payda boldy.

Mine, osynday kýlli ýmbet tyghyryqqa tirelgen kezende Qazaqstan Preziydenti búl mәselening ózektiligine toqtap, islam әlemine týbegeyli sheshimder úsyndy. Biylghy jyly Astanada ótken VII Býkilәlemdik Islam eko­nomikalyq forumynda sóilegen sózinde Elbasy: «Islamnyng ózi din retinde eshqanday daghdarysqa týspeydi. Qoghamdy modernizasiyalau islamnyng ózining negizderin búrmalau degen sóz emes. Islam qoghamyn modernizasiyalau qajettigi aiqyn bayqalyp otyr. Búl aldymen tehnologiyalyq, ghylymy jәne ekono­mikalyq damugha baylanysty», dep atap kór­setti. N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng osy sózderi mәr­tebeli meymandardyng erekshe yqylasyna ie bolyp, islam әlemi elderining kýn tәrtibine ýlken әriptermen jazyldy.

Abzal músylman - memleketshil azamat

Úlystyng úiytqysy - últ, memleketting ózegi - qogham bolsa, sol últ pen qoghamnyng ruhy - din. Búl rette, biz kóptegen qauym­dar­dyng toptasuyna, últtardyng úiysuyna, úlys retinde qalyptasuyna dinning yqpa­lynyng asa joghary bolghanyn eske alsaq ta jetkilikti. Mәselen, orys halqy pravoslav shirkeuining arqasynda alauyzdyghynan ary­lyp, biyik múrattardy maqsat tútqan irgeli imperiya dengeyine jetti. Búl orayda taghy bir aita keterlik jәit, últty qalyp­tastyruda din faktory tipti keyde tildik faktordan da biyik týsip jatady. Búghan týp-tamyry bir, tilderi jaqyn bola túra týrli dinderdi ústanghan­dyqtan, uaqyt óte kele bir-birine qaru kezengen búrynghy Yugoslaviya shenberindegi elderding taghdyry mysal bola alady.

Dinsiz adam boluy mýmkin, alayda, dinsiz qogham bolmaydy. Din qoghamdyq qúbylys bolghan­dyqtan, memleket te odan tys qala al­maydy. Qoghamtanu ghylymynyng atasy sana­latyn Ibn Haldun «Múqaddima» dep atala­tyn әigili enbe­ginde dinning qoghamdyq qaty­nastardy rettep, memleket isterine boly­satynyn, búghan tiyisinshe memlekettik biylikting de dinge qamqor bolatynyn atap kórsetken. Diny senim men qúndylyqtar azamattardyng boyyna imandylyq pen әdepti úyalatady, kisilik pen parasattylyqty qalyp­tastyrady, nashaqorlyq, zinaqorlyq siyaqty jat qylyq­tar men jamandyqtardan tyyady, otbasyn úiytyp, qoghamdy ornyqty­rady. Batystyq qoghamnyng qalyptasuyna yqpal etken Russo el túraqtylyghy ýshin azamattardyng dindar boluy tiyis ekenin jazghan. Onyng pikirinshe, dindar azamattar memleketke erekshe qúrmet­pen qaraydy, biylikke moyynsúnady hәm otanshyl bolady. Din osylaysha zanmen de ornyqtyra almaytyn keybir qoghamdyq qúby­lystardyng ong qalyp­tasuyna yqpal etedi. Óz kezeginde memleket te dindi qadaghalap, rettep otyruy tiyis. Dinning atyn jamylu nemese dindi betperde etip qoldanu әreketinen, eng bastysy, dinning zardap shegetinin úmytpaghan abzal.

Bolmysynda berekesizdikke, anarhiyagha qarsy islam dini elding birligi men mem­leket­ting tútastyghyn qamtamasyz etedi. Qúran «Allagha, payghambargha jәne biylik basynda­ghylargha moyynsúnudy» búiyrady. Búl rette әz Payghambarymyz qogham men jamaghatty birlikke shaqyra otyryp, bas­shynyng tóniregine top­tasudy uaghyzdady, basshygha baghynudyng manyzdylyghyn eskertti. Mәselen, Abdulla ibn Omardan Payghambarymyz alayhisalam­nyn: «Kimde kim boyúsynudan bas tartsa, qiyamet kýni Alla aldynda aitar uәji bolmaydy. Kimde kim (patshany) moyyndamay qaytys bolsa, nadan­dyq ólimimen qaytys bola­dy», degen hadiysi riuayat etiledi (Hadis sahiyh, Musliym). Sol siyaqty Abdulla ibn Abbastan Paygham­barymyz alayhisalamnyn: «Kimde kim basshydan ózine únamaytyn jәitti kórse - sabyr etsin, sebebi, bir adam jamaghat­tan bir qarys bólinip, sol halde qaytys bolsa, nadandyq ólimimen qaytys bolady», degen hadiysi riuayat etiledi (Hadis sahiyh, imam Búhariy). Imam Ghazaly búl turaly: «Nashar jýiening ózi jýiesizdikten, berekesizdikten jaqsy. Biylikting mindeti dindi saqtau bolsa, dindi qorghaudyng joly da biyliktin, jýiening nyghangy arqyly bolady. Sondyqtan, memlekettilikti saqtap, biylikke moyynsúnu kerek», - dep jazyp ketken.

Qúran Kәrimde bir adamdy óltiruding býkil adamzatty óltirgenmen birdey ekeni aity­lady. Búl orayda әrbir jaratylysqa jarat­qan­nyng tuyndysy retinde qúrmetpen qaray­tyn músylmannyng terrorist boluy әste mýmkin emes. Osyghan qatysty әz Paygham­barymyz óltiru maqsatynda qaru kezengenning júmaqqa barmaytynyn eskertken. Olay bolsa, qútty Otanyna, tughan júrtyna qarsy qaru kezengenning ýkimi qanshalyqty qatal bola­tynyn oilaudyng ózi auyr.

«Otandy sýng - imannan» degen qaghidagha jýginsek, músylmannyng dindarlyghy onyng otanshyldyghymen de ólshenedi. Bizdinshe, abzal músylman - elding tynyshtyghyn oilap, otbasynyng amandyghyn tileytin memleketshil azamat. Óitkeni, tәuelsizdik - tәube degizer, tәuekel etkizer qasterli boytúmar, talaydyng taghdyryna búiyrmaghan eren baqyt. Azat el, azamattarynyng diny senim bostandyqtaryn qamtamasyz etetin tәuelsiz memleket bolmasa, onda dinning de, ruhaniyattyng da erkin tynys­tay almasy anyq. Bodan elde meshit te, medrese de bolmaydy, azan da aitylmaydy. Biz múny jaqyn tarihymyzdan jaqsy bilemiz. Sonymen qatar, túraqtylyq pen tynyshtyq ornamaghan elde dinning ahualy da onalmaydy. Sondyqtan, din men ruhaniyattyng óristeui ýshin әueli tәuelsizdik pen túraqtylyq, tatulyq pen tynyshtyq qajet. Búl orayda tәuelsizdigining 20 jyldyghyna qadam basqan Qazaqstan tatulyq pen túraqtylyqtyng kepili, beybitshilikting beldeui retinde islam әlemine ónege kórsetip otyr. Azamattaryna senim bostandyghyn úsynghan zayyrly qazaq elinde islam dini erekshe qarqynmen damyp, keninen qanat janda.

Islam - zayyrly din. Injildegi siyaqty «Tәnirding aqysy - Tәnirge, Sezardyng aqysy - Sezargha», degen qaghida bolmaghandyqtan, islamda bilim men iman, aqyl men jýrek, tәn men ruh, memleket pen din arasynda da qay­shylyq joq. Tariyhqa ýnilsek, músylman elderinde batystaghyday taza teokratiyalyq memle­ketting bolmaghany anyq. Mәselen, katoliyk­terding senimi boyynsha Papa Tәnirding jәne Hazireti Isanyng jerdegi ókili, sondyqtan ol janylyspaydy, qatelespeydi. Tәnirding aty­nan biylik jýrgizetin bolghan­dyqtan onyng әmirlerin búljytpay oryndau kerek. Sheksiz biylikti qolyna shoghyrlan­dyrghan papalar patshalargha ýkimin jýrgizdi, shirkeuding atynan krest joryqtaryn úiym­dastyrdy. Sondyqtan batysta zayyrlylyqqa talpynu memleketti shirkeuding sheksiz biyliginen qútqaru әreketinen bastalghan edi. Batystyq Makiavelli, Hobbes, Russo, Lokk jәne basqa da oishyldar shyghar­malarynda memleketti dinning qúrsauynan qútqaryp, shirkeudi óz qyzmetine jegu turaly jazdy. Búl túrghydan alghanda, batysta zayyr­ly qogham ornatudy kóksegen oishyldardyng ózi islam­dy tanu arqyly sonday baylamgha kelgen deuge negiz bar. Islam tarihyna jiti ýnilip qaraytyn bolsaq, músylman memleketterin moldalar men imamdar emes, súltandar basqaryp kelgenin angharamyz. Óz kezeginde din ghalymdary memleket isterine jón-josyqsyz aralasyp, óz ýstemdikterin jýrgi­zuge úmtyl­maghan. Olar memleket mýddesi jolynda biylik basyndaghylargha bolysyp otyrghan. Óitkeni, islamdyq týsinik boyynsha, әdil patsha qút qonghan, Allanyng erekshe meyirimine bólengen jan dep eseptelingen.

«Adamzattyng bәrin sýi...»

Euraziya kenistigining kartasy ózgerip, sahnagha jas tәuelsiz memleketter shygha bastaghan tústa Semuel Hantington «Órke­niyet­ter qaqtyghysy jәne әlemdik jýiening qaytadan qúryluy» degen әigili kitabyn jariyalady. Mikro dengeyde islam men pravoslav, budda, afrikalyq jәne batystyq hristiandyq arasynda, makro dengeyde músylman, budda jәne hristiandyq órke­niyet­ter arasynda ýlken qaqtyghys oryn alatynyn aitqan avtor búl soghysqa batystyng menmendigi, islamnyng ymyrasyzdyghy jәne Qytaydyng qyrsyqtyghy sebep bolady degen boljam jasady. Ol «Órkeniyetter qazany» dep ataghan Aziya aimaghynda Resey, músylman Aziya, Qytay jәne AQSh arasynda qaqtyghys jýredi degen pikir aitty.

Rasynda, Kenes Odaghy ydyraghannan keyin Osh, Ferghana, Baku, Sumgaiyt, Tauly Qarabaq, Baltyq jaghalauy elderinde dau-janjaldar bolyp, onyng ayaghy etnostyq qaqtyghystargha ainaldy. Onyng ýstine, Qazaqstangha ekonomiy­kasy shayqalghan, memlekettik qúrylymdary toqyraugha úshyraghan, últtyq qatynastary shiyelenisken el múra bolyp qaldy. Alayda, syn­darly sayasat ústanghan respublika basshylyghy tyghyryqtan shyghar joldy taba bildi. Yadrolyq qarudan bas tartqan, eldegi últtardy úiystyra týsken jas memleket damudyng ózindik modelin qalyptastyryp, dý­nie jýzine tanyla bastady. Qysqa merzimning ishinde Qazaqstan kóp vektorly sayasat ústanu, búrynghy odaqtastary­men ortaq til tabysu, tuysqan týrki júrtynyng jaqyn­dasuyna jәne Aziyadaghy yntymaqtas­tyqqa úiytqy bolu, tipti Ýndistan men Pәkstan syndy alyp elderdi tatulyqqa shaqyru siyaq­ty keleli әreketteri arqyly shyn mәninde euraziyalyq memleketke ainalyp ýlgerdi.

Hantingtonnyng pikirlerin joqqa shyghar­ghan Qazaqstan Preziydenti әlem júrtshyly­ghyna ghasyrlar toghysynda órkeniyetter ara­synda qaqtyghys emes, kerisinshe, mәdeniyet­ter ara­syn­da kelisimnin, әlemdik izgilikting altyn kiltin úsyndy. Osylaysha, Qazaqstan әlemde órke­niyet­ter arasy qaqtyghys pikirine qarsy túrudy, mәdeniyetter men din ókilderi ara­syndaghy dia­logty jan-jaqty qoldaudy memlekettik sayasat­qa ainaldyrghan alghashqy memleket atandy.

Jana mynjyldyqtyng basynda dýnie jýzin dýr silkindirgen terrorlyq әreketten keyin әlemdegi alpauyt elder islam dinin jappay aiyptap jatqan kezde islam men terrorizmning eshuaqytta qabyspaytynyn, búl eki úghymnyng bir-birine mýldem kereghar ekenin dәleldep, әlemdegi barlyq dinderding adamzat­ty tek izgilikke shaqyratynyn aitqan Elbasy, músylman dinin ústanatyn Qazaq eline әlemdegi katoliyk­terding dinbasysy Papa II Ioan Paveldi shaqyrdy.

Astana qalasynda ótkizilgen Álemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder liyderlerining I, II, III sezderi elimizding danqyn әlemge pash etip, asqaqtata týsti. Euraziya qúrlyghynda últ­aralyq tatulyq pen týsinistiktin, ruhany kelisim men ózara ýilesimning ózindik aralyna aina­lyp otyrghan Qazaqstannyng bastamasy boyynsha úiymdas­ty­rylghan búl basqosu­lardyng maqsaty - din ókilderining býkil әlemde bolyp jatqan qantógisterge toqtau aityp, jahanda túraqtylyq pen tynyshtyq ornatugha, osylaysha, adamzat balasynyng týsinistik pen beybitshilik jaghdayynda ómir sýruine yqpal jasau bolatyn.

Ayta keterlik jәit, Astana qalasynda ótkizilgen dindarlardyng búl keleli kenesteri Allanyng sózinen bastau alady. Ózge din ókilderin kelisimge shaqyrghan qasiyetti kitap Qúranda búl turaly: «(Ey, Rasulym), bylay de: Ei, kitap týsirilgender! Keliniz, sizben bizding aramyzdaghy ortaq sózde birleseyik. Yaghni, Alladan basqasyna qúlshylyq etpeyik, Alladan basqa tәnir tanymayyq. Eger búghan teris ainalsa, bylay de: Kuә bolynyz, biz Allagha moyynsúnghan músylmanbyz», - dep aitylady. Úly Jaratushy qasiyetti Qúran Kәrimde bir-birimen tanysyp, bilisui ýshin adamdardy qauym-qauym, taypa-taypa etip jaratqanyn eskertedi. Endeshe, bile-bilsek, bizding últtyq erekshelikterimiz, әrqily dәstýrimiz ben mәdeniyetimiz bólinu emes, birigu, aiyrylu emes, tanysyp, bilisu ýshin eken.

Qazaq halqynyng últ retinde qalypta­suyna yqpal etken islam - kendik pen keshirimnin, kelisim men týsinistiktin, beybitshilik pen tatulyq­tyng dini. Islam dini saltanat qúrghan barlyq jerlerde ózge senim ókilderi ghasyrlar boyy beybitshilik ayasynda ómir sýrdi. Baghzydan beri Qazaq elinde kóptegen senim ókilderining tatu-tәtti ghúmyr keshui de búl sózimizding bir aighaghy. Óitkeni, dәstýri men dini ýndesip, dilimen ýilesip ketken qazaq halqy Qoja Ahmet Yasauiydin:

«Sýnnet emes - kәpirge berme azar,

Kónili qatty, dili azardan Qúday bezer», - degen hikmetterin jattap ósken halyq. Búl dәstýr qazaq halqynyng ómirlik ústanymda berik oryn aldy. Tipti elimiz otarshyldyqtyng qamytyn kiygen kezde: "Adamdy sýi, Allanyng hikmetin sez" dep jyrlaghan dana Abay:

«Adamzattyng bәrin sýy bauyrym dep,

Jәne haq joly osy dep әdiletti», - dep adamzattyng bәrin bauyrgha basyp, sýngdin, adamzatty mahabbatpen jaratqan meyirimdi Alladan bastau alatynyn menzedi.

Búl rette dinning әueli kórkem minezben әdiptelgen ónegeli ómir ekenin úmytpaghan abzal. Al kórkem minez kórikti sóz arqyly kestelenip, kórinis tabady. Sonymen qatar «din - nasihat». Endeshe, qoghamda tatulyq pen toleranttylyq saltanat qúryp, dialogtyng odan әri óristeui ýshin búqaralyq aqparat qúraldaryna jauapkershilik mol qasterli mindet jýktelude.

Din dingegi - dil

Islam dinin әlemdegi negizgi bes mәde­niyetting biri retinde atap kórsetken ataqty ta­rihshy, qoghamtanushy A.Toynbi: «...músyl­mandardyng rushyldyq pen әsire últshyl­dyqty auyzdyqtaudaghy ahlaqi, moralidyq jetistikteri qazirgi dýniyege qanshalyqty qajet desenizshi. Mәselening kelisim men beybitshilik ayasynda sheshilui ýshin osy músyl­man parasatynyng ósip-órkendeuine jaghday jasau shart», deydi. Rasynda, adamy qasiyet­terdi ar­daqtap, adam qúqyghyn ayaqqa taptamay, ony asqaq ústau - islamnyng basty erekshe­likte­rining biri. Sondyqtan, islam dinin qabyldaghan kez kelgen qauym ózining tili men dilin saqtap qalyp otyrghan. Sózimizding aighaghy retinde, islamgha moyynsúnghan týrki halyqtarynyng býginde óz tilin, dilin jәne týpki dәstýrin saqtap qalghanyn aitsaq ta jetkilikti.

Islam últtyq dәstýrlerdi teristemeydi, kerisinshe, ghúryp - sharighat ýkimderining negizin qúraytyn búlaq kózderding biri dep biledi. Mәselen, Muaz ibn Jәbәl әkim bolyp taghayyndalghanda memleket isterinde mәsele­ning sheshimi eger Qúran men sýnnetten tabyl­masa, onda ijtihat (onyng ishine dәstýr de kiredi) jasau arqyly ýkim shygharu qajet­tigi turaly sóz bolady. Hazireti Payghambar múny qoldap, quattaydy. Búl rette qazirgi kezde músylman elderining ózindik erekshelikterin joghaltpay, últtyq dәstýr­lerin qaster­lep otyrghany da sózimizge dәlel bolsa kerek.

Ghasyrlar boyy ata-babanyng taryqqan shaqta boytúmary, bolashaqqa bastar ýmiti, tyghyryqtan alyp shyghar baghdary bolghan islam dini qazaq halqynyng kýndelikti ómir saltynda berik oryn alghan. Islamnyng qazaq halqynyng últtyq mәdeniyetimen etene bolghany son­shalyqty, tipti ol últtyng eng ejelgi salt-dәstýrlerine deyin etene sinisip ketken. Besik jyrynan bastap joqtaugha deyingi qazaqtyng әn-jyrlarynan islamnyng әserin kóruge bolady. Ónegeli ósiyetter, naqyl sózder hәm maqal-mәtelderimizde Qúran ayattary men hadisterdi kóptep kezdestiruge bolady. Azan shaqyryp at qoi; neke qii, marqúmnyng janazasyn shygha­ru; sәlem berip, sәlem alu; kishipeyildik, kendik pen keshirimdilik qasiyeti; ata-anany syilap, ardaq tútu; ýlkenge qúrmet, kishige izet kórsetu, olargha qyzmet jasap, aq tilek-batasyn alu; qonsy-qolangha kómektesu; kórshi aqysyn úmytpau; kelgenge kenpeyil qonaq­jaylylyq tanytu; qoldan kelgenshe qayy­rymdy bolyp, jaqsylyq jasau; obal jәne sauap úghymdary; kisining ala jibin attamau jәne eshkimge qiyanat jasamau; amanatqa adaldyq; jetim-jesirdi elep-esirkeu; ýige ayaq kiyimdi sheship kiru, ony alastap, tazartyp, ýide it ústamau; ólgenning artynan jaman sóz aitpau jәne taghy basqa sanap tauysa almaytyn kýndelikti salt-dәstýrlerimizding barlyghy da últymyzgha islam dini arqyly enip, al búrynnan bar bolghandary, bayyrghy babadan ýzilmey jetkenderi kemeldenip, tolyghyp, ornygha týsken. Sondyqtan, islam dini - qazaq halqynyng últtyq mәdeniyetin qúray­tyn eng negizgi faktorlardyng biri.

Mekke-Mәdinada dýniyeni núrlandyrghan islam sәulesi Týrkistan topyraghynda, keshegi Mәuranahrda almastyng qyrlarynday sәule shashyp, jýielenip, sodan irgeli ilimge ainal­dy. Tarlan tariyhqa ýnilu arqyly búghan kóz jetkizu qiyn emes. Mәselen, Qúran ilimin asa bilgirlikpen tәpsir jasaghan Beydaui, Razy syn­dy mýfassiyr-ghalymdar, hadis ilimining ústyny bolghan әigili imam Búhari, imam Tirmizy siyaqty ghúlamalar, aqida-senim negizderi ilimining negizin qalaghan Maturidi, Ashary tәrizdi imamdar, sharighat ghylymyn qalyptas­tyrghan Ábu Hanifa, Ábu Yusuf, Marghinany ispetti fakihtar, tasauuf-ruhaniyat ilimining shoqtyghy biyik ústazdary Yusuf Hamadani, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy bastaghan әuliyeler Qúran men sýnnetti basshylyqqa ala otyryp, islam dinin tútas qalpynda jýiege týsirdi. Sonymen qatar, Týrkistan filosofiya, matematika, algeb­ra, geometriya, geografiya, astronomiya, medisina siyaqty ghylym salalarynda tónkeris jasap, adamzat órke­niyetine zor janalyqtar engizdi. Islamdyq qaynardan nәr alghan әl-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Horezmy syndy ghúlamalar batys órke­niyetining de órleuine týrtki boldy.

Bir tanghalarlyq jәit, tútas dәuirlerge syimaytyn osy orasan zor tabystardyng basym kópshiligi Qarahan memleketi túsynda jýzege asty. Bizdinshe, múnyng birneshe sebebi bar. Birinshiden, Qarahan memleketinde túraq­tylyq pen tynyshtyq boldy. Ekinshiden, elding barsha túrghyndary bir ghana mazhabty - imam Aghzam jolyn ústandy. Ýshinshiden, memleket basty nysana retinde bilim jolyn tandady. Elde irgeli oqu oryndary ashylyp, ghalym­dargha qúrmet kórsetildi. Dәstýr men dindi úshtastyrghan jergilikti ghúlamalar ósip jetilip, boy kótergen sәuletti qalalar ghylym men mәdeniyetting oshaqtaryna ainaldy. Osylaysha, ghylym men bilimning qaryshtap damuyna barynsha jaghday jasaghan Qarahan memleketinde mektep, medrese jәne zauiyening ýilesimdi birligi dýniyege keldi. Elde diny bilim de, ruhany ilim de, naqty ghylym da órken jaydy. Búl jaghday Shynghys han zamanynda ýzilip qalgha­ny­men, Ámir Temir kezenine deyin jalghasty. Odan keyin túghyrly Týrkistan tarihy dýr­belendi bastan keship, alauyz­dyqtan aryl­ma­ghan qalpy qalyng úiqynyng qúshaghyna berildi.

Búl orayda bizding Qarahan memleketine arnayy toqtaluymyzdyng mәni bar. Búl memleket býgingi Qazaqstan aumaghyn alyp jatty, onyng dýnie jýzine tanymal bolghan әigili qalalary da qazirgi qazaq jerinde bolatyn. Sondyqtan Qarahan memleketin bizding ruhany dәstýrimizding tarihy tamyry retinde qaras­tyrugha bolady. Demek, adamzat órkeniyetin jana beleske bastaghan Renessans qazaq topy­raghynan nәr aldy deuge tolyq negiz bar.

Tarih ýshin tym qysqa merzim aralyghynda bereke-birligi jarasqan, eko­nomikalyq әleueti asqan, shyghys pen ba­tysty jalghaghan, ruhaniyat ordasyna ainal­ghan, halqy jan-jaqty sauattanghan, últynyng intellektualdy óresi biyik, dәstýri berik, tarihy tereng irgeli memleket retinde qalyptasqan Qazaqstannyng dýnie daghdarys­qa týsken osynday alma­ghayyp zamanda jana ruhany renessansqa jol saluy әbden mýmkin.

Biyl Islam yntymaqtastyghy úiymynyng tóraghalyghy tizginin qolgha alghan tústa «Islam әlemine reforma kerek» dep músylman ýmbetine pәtualy pikir, baylamdy uәj aitqan Elbasymyz Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng parasat­ty sózin biz osylay jorydyq.

Darhan QYDYRÁLI, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, «Daryn» memlekettik jastar syilyghynyng laurety.

Astana.

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