Amangeldi Kenshilikúly. Kafkanyng ýii (jalghasy)
HHH
«Jazushy bolghysy kelgen adam, baqytty balalyqtyng bal-shekerin tatyp, jalyndaghan jastyq shaghynda lapyldaghan ottay janyp ótui tiyis» dep, jatamyz, keyde dilmәrsip. Eger sizde baqytty balalyq bolmasa she? Jalyndaghan jastyq shaghynyzda Qúday sizge mahabbat pen quanyshty emes, auyr azap pen qayghy-qasiretti syilasa she? Onda sizding jazushy bolugha qaqynyz joq pa?
Baqytty balalyqtyng boluy er azamat ýshin kóbine-kóp әkening tәlim-tәrbiyesine baylanysty. Tumauymyzgha qalay sharamyz joq bolsa, әkelerimizdi tandaugha da bizding esh dәrmenimiz joq. Qúday adam balasyn dýniyege әkelgende kimning shanyraghynda tuuy kerektigin odan súramaydy. Siz de Qúdaygha qarsylyq tanytugha qauqarsyzsyz.
HHH
«Jazushy bolghysy kelgen adam, baqytty balalyqtyng bal-shekerin tatyp, jalyndaghan jastyq shaghynda lapyldaghan ottay janyp ótui tiyis» dep, jatamyz, keyde dilmәrsip. Eger sizde baqytty balalyq bolmasa she? Jalyndaghan jastyq shaghynyzda Qúday sizge mahabbat pen quanyshty emes, auyr azap pen qayghy-qasiretti syilasa she? Onda sizding jazushy bolugha qaqynyz joq pa?
Baqytty balalyqtyng boluy er azamat ýshin kóbine-kóp әkening tәlim-tәrbiyesine baylanysty. Tumauymyzgha qalay sharamyz joq bolsa, әkelerimizdi tandaugha da bizding esh dәrmenimiz joq. Qúday adam balasyn dýniyege әkelgende kimning shanyraghynda tuuy kerektigin odan súramaydy. Siz de Qúdaygha qarsylyq tanytugha qauqarsyzsyz.
Álbette, bizdi jaryq dýniyemen qauyshtyrghan әkelerimiz sanasynda sәulesi bar, meyirimi men shapaghaty mol, imanjýzdi adamdar bolyp shyqsa Qúdaygha myng da bir rahmet. Al, kerisinshe bizding әkelerimiz óz maqsatyna jetu ýshin eshteneden tayynbaytyn zúlym, ósip kele jatqan balasynyng talantyn kóre almaytyn qyzghanshaq, bergen uәdesinde túrmaytyn alayaq, qúlqynyn toydyrudyng qamynan basqany oilamaytyn toghyshar, biylikting aldynda qúrday jorghalaytyn jaghympaz, aitqan sózi men isi bir jerden shyqpaytyn ekijýzdi, dýniyening bәrin tek aqshamen ghana ólsheytin imansyz.., jandar bolyp shyqsa she? Onday әkelerden tughan bala qalay onbaq? Qúday keshirsin әriyne, biraq, múnday әkeler iritip-shiritkennen basqa, qoghamgha ne jaqsylyq әkele alady? Aytynyzshy ne?
Biz bir aramdyq jasasaq, sәby bolghandyqtan balalarymyz ony bilmeydi, sezbeydi dep oilap, kónilimizdi júbatamyz. Shyndyghynda pendeshilikke salynyp, osynday arzan ótirigimizben ózimizdi-ózimiz aldaymyz. Sol arzan aldanyshymyzdy kónilimizge medeu tútamyz. Aqiqatynda Qúday jaratqan tirshilik iyelerining ishindegi eng sezimtaly -sәbiy. Zúlymdyq pen aramdyqty ar tútatyn әkesining shynayy bolmysyn sezip qalsa, sәbiylerding jany jaralanyp, qatty kýizeliske úshyraydy. Adamnyng ar-úyatynyng taza boluy basqalar emes, eng aldymen tәrbiyelep otyrghan ózining belinen tughan perzenti ýshin kerek. Keyinnen balasynyng toryghyp, qalay ómir sýrerin bilmey, jalghyzdyqqa úshyramauy ýshin qajet.
Jazushynyng múrajayyn aralap jýrip Frans Kafkanyn bala kezinde әkesining shyn bet-beynesin tanyp qoyyp, qatty kýizeliske úshyrap, aurugha shaldyqqany esime týsti. Tipti, ol әkesine óshikkendikten shygharmashylyq joldy tandady emes pe. Onyng úly tuyndylaryndaghy zúlym keyipkerlerding bәri de jazushy qiyalynyn jemisi ghana emes, tughan әkesine degen óshpendilikting kórinisi edi ghoy. Kafka әkesining boyynan dýniyeni baqytsyz etip túrghan zúlymdyqty kórdi.
Ákesining bergen tәlim-tәrbiyesine narazy bolghan Frans Kafka keyinnen «Ákeme hat» atty ataqty shygharmasyn jazdy. Jo, jo, joq, búl shygharma nemese balanyn janyn shoqtay kýidirgen әkesine degen ashu-yzasy ghana emes, ondaghan jyldar boyy Kafkanyng jýregine tynyshtyq bermegen, tipti ony aurugha shaldyqtyrghan jazushynyng jan azasy.
Kafkanyng ýiinde túryp jazushynyng әkesine jazghan hatyndaghy aitylghan sózderi men janymdy tebirentip jýrgen oilarymnyng arasynda ruhany ýndestiktin nemese bir ruhany tuystyqtyn bar ekenin osy sәtte jan-tәnimmen sezinip, jýregimning nәzik pernesining bir ishegi ýzilip ketkendey kýige týstim.
Áriyne, meni jaryq dýniyege әkelgen tughan әkem Kafkanyng әkesindey zúlym adam bolghan joq. Qayta kerisinshe ol eki sóilemeytin, aitqan uәdesinde túratyn, auzyn ashsa ar jaghynan aq jýregi kórinetin, óte meyirimdi, kenpeyil adam boldy. Ol eshteneden taysalmaytyn, eshkimge jaltaqtamaytyn, biylikting aldynda býgejektep, býkshendemeytin naghyz aqyn edi, Ákemning kózi tirisinde men onyng dostarynyng bәrin de ózi siyaqty shyndyqty aitudan seskenbeytin, qoghamdaghy әdiletsizdikterge qarsy shyghudan qaymyqpaytyn, ardyng arqanynan attap ketpeytin, dýniyening bәrin iman tarazysymen ólsheytin jýrekti azamattar dep oilaytynmyn. Shyntuaytyna kelgende әkemning dostary - olar da mening әkelerim emes pe?
Ákem dýnie salghannan keyin onyng kóptegen dostaryn jaqynyraq tanyghanymda qatty qateleskenimdi týsinip, olardyng keybir is-әreketerinen shoshynyp, kónilim qúlazyp, ómirden týnilip kettim. Ákemning ómirden nege tym erte ketkenin sonda baryp týsindim. Olardyng tuyndylaryndaghy kesek oilaryn oqyp jәne sol aitqandaryna mýlde sәikes kelmeytin úsaq tirlikterin kórip, tirshilikte qalay ómir sýru kerektigin týsine almay, dal boldym.
Ákemning bir dosy boyyndaghy ónerin satyp, bir bayshykeshting basy bayly qúlyna ainaldy. Ákemning bir dosy sheneunikterding aldynda qúrday jorghalaytyn alayaq bolyp ketti. Ákemning bir dosy tek ózinen basqany oilamaytyn qayyrymsyz jan bolyp shyqty. Ákemning bir dosy ýlken qyzmette qayta-qayta qalu ýshin ar-úyatty úmytty. Ákemning bir dosy bir úly aqynnyng toyynda zúlymdyq jolmen bәige alyp, qazaqtyng arqaly aqynynyng ólimine sebepker boldy. Ákemning bir dosy biylik halyqty zar iyletip, qan qaqsatqanda, olardy qorghaudyng ornyna, bir ýlken sheneunikting soyylyn soghyp, aqyr sonynda sonyng sózin sóilep, últyn satty. Ákemning bir dosy biylikti qayta-qayta maqtap oda jazyp, ýy aldy. Ákemning bir dosy oppozisiyany jamandap, biylikting aldynda ózine әjeptәuir «bedel» jinap, kýibeng qaqty. Ákemning bir dosy kózi tirisinde ózine kóshe bergizip, elge baryp, dumandatyp qaytty. Ákemning bir dosy...
Frans Kafka әkesine jazghan hatynda odan ólerdey qorqatynyn aitady:
«Qymbatty әke.
Tayauda sen «nege menen qorqasyn» dep súradyn. Áriyne sening aldyna barghanda payda bolatyn ýreyden jәne múnyng sebebin týsindiru ýshin, әngime barysynda kóptegen jayttargha toqtalu kerektiginen qoyghan súraghyna jauap bere almadym. Men búl súraqqa hat arqyly jauap bergenimde de qoyghan saualyna tolyq jauap almas edin, óitkeni osy hatty jazu barysynda da sening aldynda bәrin aqtaryp aityp salugha әli de ýreylenip, pikirimdi tolyq jetkizuge kýsh-quatym men oi-týisigimning jetpeytindigin sezinemin» dep, jazdy jazushy. (Frans Kafka «Ósiyet» (Zaveshaniye) Peterbor qalasy, Azbuka klassika, baspa ýii, 244 shi bet)
Ákemning keybir dostary turaly oilanghanymda Kafka sekildi mening boyymdy da qorqynysh, sana-sezimimdi ýrey biyleydi. Biraq meniki otbasy mәselesine baylanysty emes, basqa sebepten tughan qorqynysh, basqa jaghdaydan tughan ýrey. Men әkelerimning qarnynyng qamyn toydyrudan basqa eshteneni oilamaytyn toghyshar, qoghamdaghy әdiletsizdikterge esh qarsylyq bildirmeytin dәrmensiz, bayyghan ýstine baydan basqagha bas qatyrghysy kelmeytin toyymsyz... bolyp bara jatqanynan qauiptenemin. Qashan kórsem de әkelerimning nәiim-nәiim bauyrsaq pen mәn-maghynasy joq bos kýlkige toyyp, myna ómirge riza bolyp yrjalaqtap jýrgenderi. Qúdayym-au, nege olardyng boyynda janyndy týrshiktiretin, tóbe shashyndy tik túrghyzatyn qoghamda jasalyp jatqan jauyzdyqtargha degen qarsylyq joq? Nege olardyng jýreginde óz últyna degen kirshiksiz adal mahabbat joq? .
Qalyng elim qazaghym, qayran júrtym,
Ústarasyz auzyna týsti múrtyn..
Jaqsy menen jamandy aiyrmadyn
Biri qan, bir may bop endi eki úrtyn
Bet bergende shyrayyng sonday jaqsy,
Qaydan ghana búzyldy sartsha syrtyn?
Úqpaysyng óz sózinnen basqa sózdi,
Auzymen oraq orghan ónkey qyrtyn.
Ózimdiki dey almay óz malyndy
Kýndiz kýlking búzyldy, týnde úiqyn,
Kórseqyzar keledi baylauy joq.
Bir kýn tyrtyng etedi, bir kýn -búrtyn,
Bas-basyna by bolghan ónkey qiqym,
Mineky búzghan joq pa elding syiqyn. (Abay)
dep, últynyng qamyn oilap, qabyrghasy qayysatyn, ardyng qúiyndysynday danyshpan әkelerimiz qayda ketken? Bar bolsa, qayda olar? Qúday ýshin aitynyzshy, qayda?
Altyn taqty handardyn
Handyghynan ne payda,
Qarip penen qasirge
Turalyq isi bolmasa?
Alashtyng baylyghynan ne payda,
Qúlannan basqa el tappay,
Qonaryna jer tappay,
Manqighan sary daladan
Ekindide qúlaghan
Taryghyp kelgen erlerge
Qayyry onyng bolmasa?
Aq júmyrtqa, sary uyz,
Álpeshtep qolda ósirgen
Tughan úldan ne payda,
Qolyna nayza almasa,
Atanyng jolyn qumasa?! (Mahambet)
dep, eshkimnen taysaqtamay, qayrauyqtyng ashy kýiindey shyndyqty tura aitatyn, almastay ótkir minezi bar әkelerimizding bәrin jer jútqan ba? Álde shynymen de bizding elimizde qoy ýstine boztorghay júmyrtqalaghan zaman ornady ma? Álde shynymen de bizding qoghamda shymbaygha batyryp aitatyn shyndyq qalmady ma? Álde Qúran-Kәrimde aitylghanday olardyn bәri de kózderi joq soqyr, qúlaqtary estimeytin sanyrau, tilderi kesilgen mylqau, beyshara jandar ma?
Eger olardyng sanasyn saytan túmandandyrmasa últymyzdyng jer asty, jer ýsti baylyghynyng talan-tarajgha týsip jatqanyn, shyqqyr kózderi nege kórmeydi? Eger qúlaqtaryn qúlyq baspasa, baspanalary bulidozermen talqandalyp jatqan apa-qaryndastarynyn, әke-sheshelerining zarly dauystaryn nege estimeydi? Eger әkelerimizding tilderi kýrmelip qalmasa, nege olar aidyng kýnning amanynda Zamanbek pen Altynbek sekildi azamattarymyzdy it sekildi atyp ketkende bir auyz sóz aityp, qarsylyq bildiruge jaramady? Qayta olar sol eki azamattyng qabirining basynda túryp, betteri shimirikpestan biylikting sózin sóilegen joq pa. Eger bizding әkelerimizde ruh pen jýrek bolsa, ata-babalarymyz janyn berip qorghap, úrpaqqa amanat etip ketken qazaqtyng jeri nege satylyp ketti? Ári-beriden song satylyp ketken jerding ýstinde otyryp mahabbat, izgilik, tazalyq, adamgershilik turaly jazghan bizding shygharmalarymyzdyng kimge keregi bar? Kimge?
Ádiletsizdikter kóbeyip, adamshylyqty úmytsaq, Gogoli, Dostoevskiy, Kafkalalar әuliyelikpen aitqan adamzat balasynyng qanyn suday aghyzghan, kóz jasyn nóser qylyp tókkizgen qasiretti zamannyng qayta ornap, qandy tarihtyng qaytalanuy mýmkin ekenin әkelerimiz shynymen de sezbey me?
Tipti, qylyshynan qan tamyp túrghan uaqytta ta Ahmet, Mirjaqyp, Mústafa, Álihan, Maghjan, Jýsipbek, Beyimbet, Iliyas.. syndy әkelerimiz últ ýshin janyn berip, shyndyqty aityp ketti emes pe! Solardyn izin jalghastyratyn ruhany múragerleri, aqylman әkelerimiz qayda?! Jiyrmasynshy ghasyrdyng basynda aqyn Maghjannyn:
Arystanday aibatty,
Jolbarystay qayratty.
Qyranday kýshti qanatty
Men jastargha senemin!
-dep ýmit artqan keleshegi myna sizder edinizder ghoy. Zamangha ne bolghan? Dýnie nege azyp-tozghan? Últtyng ruhy qalay kýiregen? Dýniyening keri ketip bara jatqanyna eng aldymen jauapty myna sizder emessizder me? Sizder. Olay bolsa sizder qojalyq etip otyrghan qogham aqylynan adasyp, qayda barady? Qayda? Nege sizderding kózderinizde ot, sózderinizde jalyn joq? Qúdayshylyqtarynyzdy aitynyzdarshy, nege?
Áriyne, adam-pende. Biraq pendeshilikti hayuansha jýrip jan baghumen shatastyru -opasyzdyq. Últqa, ar-úyatyna jasaghan keshirilmeytin kýnә. Artta kele jatqan úrpaqtyng adamshylyq qasiyetten aiyrylyp qalmauy -sizderge baylanysty ekenin qalay úmyttynyzdar. Ári-beriden song aqyn men jazushynyng qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershiligin sezinbeui -qylmys. Últ senim artqan halyqtyng ruhany «kósemderi» myna sizder osynday ynjyq bolsanyzdar, basqalar turaly auyz ashyp, birdene deuimizding ózi asylyq shyghar.
Nemene, keler úrpaq sizderding osy isterinizge óz baghasyn bermeydi dep oilaysyzdar ma? Álde sizder últtyng aldynda qara bet bolyp, úsaq-týiek tirlikteriniz arqyly keler úrpaqtyng jigerin tozdyryp, ruhyn azdyryp, olardy da azghynshylyq jolgha týsirgenderinizdi sezbeysizder me? .Jo, jo, joq. Ákelerimizding ókshesin basyp kele jatqan myna bizdi bylay qoyghanda, sizder tipti ózderinizdi de syilamaysyzdar. Qashan kórsem de kózderinshe bir-birindi ótirik maqtap, syrtqa shygha salysymen jamandap, kýndep jýrgenderin. Ataqqa, syilyqqa toymaysyzdar. Aty shuly ýlken syilyqqa qol jetkizu ýshin kez-kelgen opasyzdyqqa barudan tayynbaysyzdar, bir-birindi óltirip jiberuge de dayarsyzdar. Ótirik pe? «Jany ayauly jaqsygha qosamyn dep, әrkim bir it ústap jýr yryldatyp» dep, Abay atam aitpaqshy sizder qoghamnyng aldynda iyilgisi kelmeytin, minezi bar shyn talanttargha emes, sózderinizdi sóilep, soyyldarynyzdy soghatyn ekijýzdi alayaqtargha ghana kómektesesizder. Solargha syilyq, ýy әperesizder, jaghday jasaysyzdar, qyzmetin jogharylatasyzdar. Eng aqyrynda sizder qolynda kishkentay biyligi bar týkke túrghysyz aqyndardy jer-kókke sighyzbay maqtap, olardyng esimderin Múqaghali, Júmekenderdin qataryna qoyyp, әdebiyetti de sattynyzdar. Jasyryp qayteyin, key kezderi men «eger әkem marqúm tiri bolyp, zaman yghyna beyimdelip ar-úyatyn joghaltsa, ony da jek kórip keter edim» degen, qorqynyshty oigha batamyn.
Sizderge úqsaghym kelmey, Patsha-Qúdaygha ainalghan bitim-bolmystarynyzdan jiyirkenip, aqyr sonynda men de Kafka sekildi jalghyzdyqqa úshyradym. Sizderding basy bayly qúldarynyzgha ainalghan zamandastaryma da qolymdy bir-aq siltedim. Ómirge, keleshekke degen senimimdi joghalttym. Sizderge senip jýrip, aqyr sonynda sýttey әppaq jýregimdi kirlettim. Qalay ómir sýrem, endi?!
HHH
Kafkanyng ýiine kelip, onyng qoljazbalary men hattaryn, suretterin kórip, jazushymen syrlasqandaymyn, әigili qalamgerding ruhyn sezingendeymin. Eger Pragagha jolym týsip, jazushynyng múrajayyna bas súqpaghanymda múnday oigha batpas pa edim. Kim bilipti? Biraq Kafka turaly maqala jazudy biraz uaqyttan beri josparlap, onyng shygharmashylyghyn zerttep jýrgen jaghdayym bar-tyn.
Kafkanyng shygharmalarymen eng alghash ret men sekseninshi jyldardyng orta sheninde tanystym. Mektepte oqityn bala kezim. Ol kezderi býgingi uaqyttaghyday qaltanda aqshang bolsa qalaghan kitabyndy dýkennen satyp alatyn mýmkindik joq. Shet elding klassik jazushylarynyn shygharmalaryn kóbine-kóp Almatynyng syrtyndaghy qara bazardan, saudalasyp jýrip, uday qymbat baghagha alamyz. Bir kýni qara bazardy aralap jýrip, Kafkanyng tandamaly shygharmalar jinaghyn qolyma týsirdim.
Oqydym. Shyndyghymdy aitsam, alghashqy uaqytta jazushynyng jetkizgisi kelgen oiyn týsinbey, kitapty satyp alghanyma qatty ókindim. Tipti, Kafkanyng әkesine jazghan hatyn oqyghanymda, onyng sózderin burjuaziyalyq tәlim-tәrbiyening jemisi dep oiladym. Óitkeni men ýshin ol uaqytta әkelerimizden abzal, әkelerimizden ardaqty jandar joq -túghyn. Men jaryq dýniyege әkelerimnin kózimen qaraytynmyn. Olardyng aitqandaryna imanday senip, qaltqysyz oryndaugha tyrysatynmyn.
Alayda 1986 jylghy jeltoqsan oqighasynan son, bizge aqyl ýiretip, imandylyqqa baulyp jýrgen әkelerimizding shynayy bet-beynesin tanyghanymda, jan-dýniyemning astan-kesteni shyghyp, ómirden týnilip, jýregimdegi súlu shyraqtarym kýrsinip óshkendey boldy. Ákelerimizding zúlymdyghy men qayyrymsyzdyghyn kózimmen kórgenimde, olardyng tanym-týsinigi men ornatyp jatqan tәrtibining qoghamgha әli talay qasiret shekkizip, әli talay u ishkizetinin týsindim. Qoldaryndaghy sheksiz biylikting arqasynda olar jauqazynday ósip kele jatqan jastardyng ar-namysyn ayaqqa taptady. On ekide bir gýli ashylmaghan súlu qyzdardyng búrymdarynan sýirep, itterge talatty. Órimdey jastardy ayausyz qyrghan, biylikte mәngi qalu ýshin eshteneden tayynbaytyn әkelerimizding jauyzdyghyn kórgenimde Kafkanyng «Enbekpen týzeu mekemesinde» atty әngimesindegi surettelgen qany sorghalaghan zúlymdyqtyng әli ólmegendigin týsindim. Osy uaqyttan bastap qaytadan mende Kafkany oqugha degen qúlshynys payda boldy. Keyinnen Kenes Odaghy qúlap, Qazaqstan tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizdi. Biraq biylikting basynda bәribir sol әkelerimiz qalyp qoydy.
Kenester Odaghy ydyramay túrghan kezde Kafkanyng shygharmalary eng túnghysh ret 1965 jyly basylyp shyghypty. Dey túrsaq ta, shet el jazushylarynyng ishinde Kafka, Djoys jәne Prusttyng tuyndylary alpysynshy jyldardan songhy jylymyqtan keyin de kenestik senzuranyng qyraghy baqylauynda boldy. Kenester Odaghy kýiregenge sheyin, bizding elimizde Kafkanyng shygharmashylyghy turaly asa kóp әngime aityla qoyghan joq. 1962 jyly jaryq kórgen «Ádeby ensiklopediyada» jazushy Frans Kafkagha ekspressionistik aghymnyng ókili degen bagha beriledi. Degenmen sol uaqyttyng ózinde de Kafkanyng shygharmashylyghyn zerttep, maqala jazghan Dmitriy Zatonskiy degen ukrainalyq әdebiyettanushy boldy. Kafkanyn shygharmashylyghy turaly jazghan Dmitriy Zatonskiyding maqalasy túnghysh ret «Inostrannaya liyteratura» jurnalynda 1959 jyly basylyp shyqty. Alpysynshy, jetpisinshi jyldary ol Kafkanyng shygharmashylyghyn zerttep, kitap ta jazady. (Dmitriy Zatonskiyding әkesining ómiri Kafkanyng «Prosess» romanynyng keyipkeri Iozef K taghdyryna úqsaydy. Ukrainanyng halyq komissary bolghan Zatonskiyding әkesi, repressiyagha úshyrap, 1937 jyly qaza tauyp, onyng otbasyndaghylardyng bәri jer audarylady)
1962 jyly hrushevtyq jylymyqtan keyin Mәskeuge German Federativtik Respublikasynan Genrih Belli, Rudolif Hagelishtang, Rihard Gerlah degen nemisting ataqty jazushylary keledi. Kitaphanalarda, mektepterde, mәdeny mekemelerde kezdesuler ótkiziledi. Ángime barysynda olar Kenes Odaghyndaghy oqyrmandardyng Frans Kafka syndy jazushynyng shygharmashylyghymen tanys emes ekendikterin estip, auyzdaryn ashyp, tang qalady. 1963 jyly Chehoslavakiyada Kafkanyng shygharmashylyghyna arnalghan halyqaralyq konferensiya úiymdastyrylady. Arnayy shaqyru alghanymen, búl konferensiyagha Kenes Odaghynan birde-bir adam barmaydy. Sol jyly Leningrad qalasynda qazirgi zamanghy roman taqyrybyna baylanysty әlemning ýlken jazushylarynyng basqosuy ótedi. Oghan Roje Kayya, Jan Poli Sartr, Nataly Sarrot, Alen Rob-Griye- syndy fransuz, Gans Magnus Ensensberger, Gans Verner Rihter- syndy nemis, Djankarlo Vigorelly sekildi italiyandyq jazushylar qatysady. Olardyng bәri de Djoys, Kafka, Prust syndy әlemdik әdebiyette ýlken tónkeris jasaghan әigili jazushylargha baylanysty Kenes Odaghynda qalyptasqan birjaqty kózqarasty qatty syngha alady. Óz sózinde әigili jazushy Jan Poli Sartr «Búl jazushylardy dekadentterding qataryna jatqyzghandarmen әngimeleskenimde, olardyng shygharmalaryn oqymaghandyghyna kóz jetkizdim» degen bolatyn. Alayda Álem әdebiyeti institutynyng diyrektory Ivan Anisimov: «Kafka men Djoystyng qalyptastyrghan dәstýrin biz qabylday almaymyz» dep, olardyng shygharmalarynyng Kenes Odaghynda basylyp shyghuyna ýzildi-kesildi qarsylyq bildiredi. Onyng pikirin sol kezdegi Jazushylar Odaghynyng hatshysy Konstantin Fedin de qoldaydy.
Kenestik iydeologiya moyyndaghysy kelmegenimen, Batystyng jazushylary Kafkanyng tuyndylarynan altyn oidyng kenishin tauyp, onyng shygharmashylyghyn zerdeleu arqyly janasha jazudyng ýlgisin qalyptastyrghan prozaikter dýniyege keldi.
Solardyng biri, ekzistensialist jazushy Aliber Kamudyng aituynsha, Kafka ónerining basty ereksheligi shygharmany qayta-qayta oqugha mәjbýr qylatyn qúdirettiliginde jatyr. «Keyde bir mәseleni eki týrli qyrynan týsinuge bolatyndyqtan, shygharmany qayta oqugha tura keledi. Avtordyng shygharma jazudaghy kózdegen maqsattarynyng biri de osy» deydi, ol. (Aliber Kamu «Kóterilisshil adam» (Buntuushiy chelovek) 90 shy bet. Mәskeu, «Respublika» baspasy)
Jazushy Horhe Luis Borhes ta Kafkanyng tuyndylarynda eki týrli oy aghysynyng bar ekenin atap ótedi. «Olardyng bireui - baghynyshtylyq, ekinshisi-sheksizdik. Jazushy shygharmalarynyng bәrinde de iyerarhiya suretteledi jәne ylghy da onyng biyligi sheksiz keledi». (Horhe Luis Borhes, tórt tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy, 3 shi tom, 406 shy bet. Peterbor, «Amfora» baspasy)
Batystyng jazushylary men әdebiyettanushylary Kafkanyng shygharmashylyq ereksheligin týsindiruge bar kýshin salsa da, Kenes Odaghynyng iydeologtary onyng tuyndylaryna әzireyil kórgendey ýrke qarady. Kafkanyng shygharmashylyghyn zertteu barysynda, óz betimshe izdenip, múnyng sebebi nelikten degen saualdyng jauabyn tabugha tyrysyp kórdim. Rasynda da Kafkanyng shygharmalaryndaghy aitqan oilary kenestik jýiege qauip tughyzdy ma eken? Tughyzghanda qanday!
Birinshiden, sosialistik realizm degen jasandy konsepsiyany oilap tauyp, jalghan moraligha arqa sýiegen kenes jazushylary Kafkany qabylday almady. Ekinshiden Kafkanyng shygharmalarymen tanysqan oqyrmangha búryn-sondy týsinikti bolyp kelgen kenestik ólshem qalyptastyrghan dýniyelerdi janasha payymdap, qaytadan oy eleginen ótkizuine tura keler edi. Ýshinshiden, rasynda da jazushynyng shygharmalaryndaghy aitqan oilary Kenestik iydeologiyany joqqa shygharatyn. Kafka ashy shyndyq arqyly jalghan moralidyng sayqal tabighatyn әshkereledi. .
Mine sondyqtan da, 1982 jyly Kafkanyng «Ákeme hat» atty shygharmasy boyynsha Mәskeuding kórkem teatry әzirlegen qoyylymy kenestik senzuranyng sýzgisinen ótpey, onyng kórsetiluine tiym salynghan-tyn.
«Ákeme hatty» qayta-qayta oqyghannan keyin baryp qana men jazushynyng әngimeleri men romandaryndaghy aitylatyn oilarynyng negizgi dәnegining osy bir hattyng astarynda búghyp jatqanyn týsingendey boldym. Eger búl hatpen tanys bolmasanyz, Kafkanyng ghajayyp tuyndylaryn bilemin dep, maqtanbay-aq qoyynyz. Bәribir siz eshtene týsingen joqsyz. Oi-týisiginiz birdeneni sezgen kýnning ózinde de, aisbergting bergi jaghyn ghana kórip qaytty.
Kafka stalinizm dәuirindegi milliondaghan adamdardyng taghdyryn tәlkek qylghan repressiyany da, qoghamnyng sanasyn toqyratqan totalitarizmdi de kórgen joq. Biraq Kafka osylardyng bәrin de óz shygharmalarynda kóregendikpen jazdy. Jazushy ómirden ótkennen keyin ondaghan jyldardan song Kafkanyng tuyndylaryndaghy surettelgen zúlymdyqtar tarihta aina-qatesiz qaytalandy. Degenmen, keleshekte әlemning qanyn suday aghyzatyn osynday súmdyqtardyng bolatyndyghyn sezinuine jazushygha qanday jaghdaylar әser etti eken? Qanday?
Kelisu nemese kelispeu shart emes. Biraq bizding payymdauymyzsha, dýniyening sanasyn saytan biylep bara jatqanyn týsinip, keler úrpaqtyng kózqarasymen sanasqysy kelmeytin әkelerding qolyndaghy sheksiz biylikting qoghamdy qasiretke malshyndyryp, aiyqpas dertke dushar etetinin jan-tәnimen sezinui Kafkagha osynday shygharmalar jazghyzdy. Ákesine jazghan hatynda osy shyndyq Kafkanyng kirshiksiz taza jýreginen ashy zapyran bolyp aqtarylady:
«Sen ózinning shekten shyqqan biyliging turaly oilanghan emessin. Áriyne mening sózderim de keyde sening namysyna tiyetin, alayda múnday jaghdayda men qatty qayghyratynmyn, ózimdi-ózim ústay almay, qapelimde auzymnan shyghyp ketken sózderim ýshin ókinetinmin. Sen bolsang óz sózinmen eshkimdi ayamay úratynsyn, sol kezde de, keyin de sening aldynda men ózimdi dәrmensiz sezinetinmin..
Ayghaymen ghana shektelmey sen ylghy da meni qorqytugha tyrysatynsyn. «Men sening byt-shytyndy shygharamyn» dep, zekigen kezinde eshtene bolmaytynyn bile túrsam da kýnderdin-kýninde aitqanyndy isteysing be dep oilap, senen qatty ýreylenetinmin. Sen emes, ylghy tek men ghana bәrine kinәli bolyp shyghatynmyn.» (Frans Kafka «Ósiyet» (Zaveshaniye) Peterbor qalasy, Azbuka klassika, baspa ýii, 264 shi bet)
Ákeler qalyptastyrghan jalghan morali saltanat qúruy ýshin aqiqattan attap ketuge bolmaytynyn Kafka meylinshe tereng týsindi. Júrttyng bәri qaymyghyp jýrgen shyndyqtyng betine jazushy tura qarady. Jalghan moralidyng sheksiz ýstemdigi zúlymdyqty tughyzady eken. Ylghy tek әkeleremizding aitqanymen jýrip, solar sekildi ghana oilaudyn, әlemning sanasyn toqyratyp, qasiretke әkele jatqanyn alghash sezingen jazushy da Kafka boldy.
(Jalghasy bar)
«Abay-aqparat»