Semeyge Abay kelse, bizge duman,
Án salyp, bosamaymyz aighay-shudan.
Bas qosu, baqastasu, mәjilis qúru,
Sekildi bir ghylymnyng jolyn qughan.

Kókbay Janatayúly

Qazaq dalasy ózining damu tarihynda kóptegen kezenderdi basynan ótkerdi. Ár oryn alghan tarihy oqighalar últtyng bolmysyna, tarihy men órkeniyetine aitarlyqtay әser etti. Ásirese qazaq dalasynda bolyp jatqan sayasy oqighalar halqymyzgha kóp ózgeris әkeldi. Sonday qiyn-qystau zamanda, HIH ghasyrdyng ortasynda qazaq jerinde ýlken aqyl-oy iyesi, danyshpan, halqyna núryn shashqan – Abay Qúnanbayúly dýniyege keldi. Abay Qúnanbayúly arqyly qazaq halqynyng oi-órisi, damu satysy, ólenge degen talghamy ósti. 

Abay Qúnanbayúlynyng óz zamanyna deyingi aqyndardan ereksheligi ólenge degen, pәlsapalyq oilargha degen estetikalyq kózqarasynyng ereksheliginde. Óleng qanday bolu kerek, qalay jazu kerek degen oidy oqyrmangha týsindirip, poeziyanyng qúdirettiligin pash etedi. Sonymen qatar, mahabbat, tabighat, óner turaly jazylghan shygharmalarynyng barlyghyna mәn berip qaraytyn bolsaq, ýlken talgham, әsemdik aiqyn kórinedi. Danyshpan Abaydyng «Óleng – sózding patshasy, sóz sarasy» dep atalatyn óleninde aqyn, poeziya turaly estetikalyq kózqarasy kórinedi. Mysaly:

Óleng – sózding patshasy, sóz sarasy,

Qiynnan qiystyrar er danasy.

Tilge jenil, jýrekke jyly tiyip,

Tep-tegis júmyr kelsin ainalasy (1.86-b)

Berilgen óleng joldarynan aqynnyng ólenge qoyghan syny aiqyn kórinedi. Óleng degen sózding patshasy dep saralap, poeziya  jýrekten shyghyp, jýrekke jetu ýshin týsinikti, kelisti bolu qajet ekenin úghyndyrady. Ólenning kelesi bólikterinde «Sóz týzeldi, tyndaushy, sen de týzel» dep oqushygha ýndeu joldaydy. Mine, osynday joghary talghampazdyqpen bolashaqqa oiyn, tilegin jetkizedi.

Abay Qúnanbayúly ghúmyryn elding keleshegi, ómiri ýshin alandaumen, izgi jol izdeumen ótkizdi. Ár óleni men qarasózderin múqiyat oqyp otyrsaq, soghan  kózimiz әbden jetedi. Elding múny men qatar, sol zamandaghy halyq tirshiligi, ómir aghysy jan-jaqty suretteledi. Sol arqyly HH ghasyr kezenindegi qazaq elining әleumettik jaghdayyn kóre aluymyzgha bolady.

Aqynnyng aghartushylyq iydeyany nasihattaytyn ólenderi jayyn qozghasaq, olardyng qazaq әdebiyetindegi alatyn orny erekshe. Abay óz zamanynda qazaq elining damuy ýshin, basqa eldermen teng dәrejede boluymyz ýshin bilim-ghylym kerektigin naqty aitqan. Jastardy bos, paydasyz isten aulaq bolugha, bilim, ghylym izdeuge shaqyrghan ólenderine nazar audarsaq, adamgha erekshe kýsh beredi. Ony biz «Quanbandar jastyqqa», «Ghylym tappay maqtanba», «Senbe júrtqa túrsa da qansha maqtap» jәne t.b. ólenderinen bayqaymyz. Atalghan tuyndylarynda elin jarqyn bolashaqqa shaqyryp, ózine senip enbek etuge ýndep, sol jolda adam balasynyng boyynda tabyluy kerek qasiyetterdi sanamalap kórsetip, jetilgen, tolyq adam bolugha shaqyrady. Álemning nebir qolbasshylary jaulay almaghan әlemge Shynghystauda ómir keshken Úly Abay Aplatonday aqylynyng arqasynda tanyldy. 

Adamzattyng Abayy atanyp, tereng tanym men bilimdi jinaghan úly Abay taghylymy eline taraldy. Últymyzdyng tarihynda eshqashan bolmaghan aqyndyq mektepting negizi qalanyp, jogharghy dengeyge jetti. Semey shaharynan alghyzyp túrghan әr týrli janrdaghy shygharmalardy oqyp taldap, shәkirtterine, ainalasyna týsindirip otyrghan. Mysaly biz Abaydyng Spenserdin, Spinozanyng filosofiyalyq traktattarymen tanys bolghandyghyn M.Áuezov zertteulerinen bilemiz. Sol arqyly qazaq auylynda әlemdik әdebiyette, tarihta bolyp jatqan manyzdy oqighalar jóninde Abay óz oiyn, ónegesin bildirip otyrdy. Álemdik poeziya men prozadaghy aghymdar turasynda aqyn men shәkirtteri oy almastyryp, damy týsti. Sonyng arqasynda Shynghystau mekeni qazaq elitalyq ómirining túraghy boldy. 

Abaydyng aqyndyq mektebinen tәlim alghan shәkirtterining shygharmashylyghyna ýniletin bolsaq, әlemdik dengeydegi taqyryptardy bayqaymyz. Tek qazaq ortasyna ghana emes, әlemdik әdebiyettegi, tarihyndaghy taqyryptardy nysangha alugha eng aldymen Abay Qúnanbayúly sebepshi boldy. Aqyn óz shәkirtterine әr týrli taqyryptar úsynu arqyly qamtylatyn nәrseler ayasyn keneytti. Mysaly aqynnyng sýiikti úldarynyng biri – Maghauiya Abayúly Shynghystau bókterinde jatyp Afrika elindegi oryn alghan «Medghat-Qasym» turaly poema jazsa, Aqylbay Abayúly Kavkaz jerinde bolghan tarihy oqigha jóninde «Daghystan» atty qissa jazdy. Sonymen qatar Aqylbay Afrika jerin mekendegen zúlystar jayynda «Zúlys» poemasyn jaryqqa shygharyp, aqyndyq quatyn damyta týsti. Aqyn úldarynan bólek Shәkәrim, Kókbay, Árip sekildi aqyndyq mektepting kórnekti ókilderi Abay nasihatyn tyndap, ýlgi-ónege alyp, shygharmashylyqtaryn damytty.

Aqyn shәkirtterining atalghan shygharmalary olardyng qoghamdyq- estetikalyq kózqarastaryn tanytyp, qazaq әdebiyeti qazynasynyng tolyghuyna septigin tiygizdi.

Aqynnyng tónireginde Múqa bastatqan әnshiler, ónerpaz, sport sheberleri boldy. Ol adamdar qay jerlerde bolmasyn aqyn shygharmalaryn nasihattap, qazaq dalasyna keninen taraugha múryndyq boldy. Abay auylynda key kýnderi oiyn-sauyq úiymdastyrylyp, mәdeny sharalar bolyp otyrghany turaly zanghar jazushymyz M.Áuezov «Abay joly» roman-epopeyasynda keltiredi. «Búl kesh – týn ortasyna sheyin sozylghan әn men ólen, әsem óner jarysynyng qyzu erkin sauyghy boldy. Týngi astan song kórshilerden kelgen qonaqtar, jatar mezgilin oilap, tarasqan edi. Endi qala qonaqtary men Abaydyng eng jaqyn ainalasy ghana, ýlken ýide, kenirek tynysh jayghasyp otyrysty». (2.583-b) Búl ýzindiden bayqaytynymyz Abay tóniregine auyldyng kәri-jasy týgel jinalyp, óner atty tylsym dýniyening syryna ýniludi maqsat etedi. Osynday keshterde Euraziya kindigi atanghan Jiydebay mekeni shattyqtyn, izgilikting núryn shashyp túrdy. Sonday keshterde oishyl Abay әlemdik әdebiyetting nebir jauhar shygharmalaryn oqyp, toqyp, oy eleginen ótkizip, qasyndaghy jaqyn jandarymen bólisip otyratyn. Búl turasynda Abaymen 25 jylgha juyq uaqyt dos bolghan, әri shәkirti atanghan Kókbay Janatayúly esteliginde bylay keltiredi: «Abay Evropa ghalymdarynyng iri pәlsapamen jazylghan kitaptaryn oqyghanda, ózining basyndaghy oi-pikirlerining irge negizin analargha onay berip jiberip otyrghan joq. Júrtqa ósiyet qylyp, ózge sózin mysal qylyp sóilegende, әrqashan óz aqylynyng eleginen ótkizip alyp aitushy edi. Sondaghy kóp nasihattyng týp qazyghy adamshylyq, aqtyq, әdilet bolsa, osynyng barlyghy da músylman dining dóngelegine әkelip, bir shalyp kelip otyratyn». (2.166-b) Kókbay Janatayúlynyng ústazyna arnaghan ólenderinde Abaydyng asqan bilimdarlyghy men kóregendigin «jaryq dýniyege» tenep, danalyqtan bastau alghan móldir, tausylmas búlaqtyng qúndylyghyn joghary baghalay kele, endigi tanda ózining auyl ishinde dau-damaymen jýrgen búrynghy qúrbylarymen emes, Abay joly arqyly baghyt alatyndyghyn maqtanyshpen aitady.

Qorytyndylay kelsek, HH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy qazaq dalasyndaghy әdebiy-mәdeny kezeng ýlken janalyqtargha, ong serpilisterge toly boldy. Sol kezenderding qaryshtap ósuine Abay Qúnanbayúly jәne onyng aqyndyq mektebi ókilderining múrasy әser etti. Osy jalghasqan kórkemdik, shygharmashylyq dәstýr Alash qayratkerlerining shygharmalarynda jalghasyn tapty. Abay dәstýrin ústanghan Alash qayratkerlerining dәuiri R.Núrghaly jazghanday «Qazaq әdebiyetining altyn ghasyry» atandy. 

1. Abay. Shygharmalarynyng akademiyalyq tolyq jinaghy. Ýsh tomdyq. 1-tom. – Almaty: «Jazushy» baspasy, 2020. – 604 bet.
2. Abay turaly estelikter. 2-basylym. – Semey. – Abaydyng memlekettik qoryq-múrajayy, 2015. – 244 bet.

Danat Janataev,

Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiyteti professory

Núr Maghazbekov,

Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiyteti magistranty

Abai.kz