Klassikalyq kredittin, yaghny ipotekanyng ajyramas bóligi – bank prosenti. Onsyz kredit jýiesi júmys istey almaydy. Biraq islamda ol ósim – «Riba» dep atalady jәne onymen ainalysu, oghan qatysty bolu auyr kýnәning birine jatqyzylghan. Jalpy, ribanyng eki týri bar, prosentke qatystysy – «Riba an Nasia» dep atalady. Osy kezde dindi berik ústanatyn, biraq baspanaly bolu ýshin ipotekadan basqa jol tabylmay túrghan bizdegi azamattardyng biraz qiyndyqqa úshyrap jatatyny jasyryn emes. Jeke ózime osy túrghydaghy súraqtar kóp kelip týsti.

Qaytpek kerek? Sharighatty búzbay, ipotekagha ýy alugha bola ma?

Shyn aitqanda, qazirgi tanda sharighatty búzbay Núr-Súltan, Almaty, Shymkent jәne Týrkistan qalalarynda ghana ýy alugha bolady. Sebebi, eldegi islam bankingining jalghyz operatory – Al-Hilal bank tek osy qalalarda ghana júmys isteydi. Biraq islam ipotekasyna mysaly Atyrau men Aqtóbe syndy ónirlerden súranys óte joghary. Sondyqtan Al-Hilal bank osyny eskerip, basqa qalalardan da óz ókildikterin ashsa dúrys bolar edi.

Islam ipotekasy «Murabaha» qúraly arqyly júmys isteydi. Ol sauda prinsipterine negizdelgen. Mysaly, siz kliyent retinde ýy tandaysyz. Ol tek qana jana, bastapqy boluy shart emes. Qoldan (vtorichka) alugha da bolady. Ýy tandaysyz da, 30 payyz alghashqy jarnasyn tóleysiz. Odan keyin qalghan 70 payyzyn Al-Hilal bank ózi qosady da, baryp sol ýidi bankting atyna satyp alady. Ýstine aqsha qosady da, jana bagha taghayyndaydy. Sóitip, sizge sol ýidi prosentsiz rassrochkagha beredi.

Mysaly, bank siz tandaghan ýidi satushydan 10 million tengege satyp aldy. Onyng 3 million tengesi sizdiki. Bank 7 million tenge tóledi. Endi bank sol ýiding jana baghasyn 9 million tenge dep taghayyndaydy da, sizge rassrochkagha berdi. Siz 10 jyl boyy 9 million tengeni prosentsiz tólep, bankke qaytaryp otyrasyz (ayyna 75 myng tenge). Ýy bankting atynda bolady. Biraq aqshany tolyq tólep bitkennen kein, bank ýidi sizding atynyzgha jazyp beredi. Áriyne, islam banki sózsiz búdan payda tabady. Onsyz bolmaydy. Biraq formaldy týrde sharighat búzylmaghandyqtan, siz de, bank te kýnә arqalamaysyz.

Islam ipotekasy tiyimdi me, «7-20-25» tiyimdi me?

Últtyq Bankting bazalyq stavkasy 9,75 payyzgha kóterilgen uaqytta, Qazaqstandaghy kez-kelgen bank ipotekasy tiyimdiligi jaghynan «7-20-25»-pen esh uaqytta talasa almaydy. Sol sebepti, «7-20-25» baghdarlamasy islam ipotekasyna qaraghanda artyq tólem, alghashqy jarna, merzimi jaghynan birneshe punkt boyynsha ozyp túr. Esesine islam ipotekasy baspanany qoldan alugha (vtorichka) mýmkindik beredi.

Jalpy islam ipotekasyna kelgende birinshi kezekke tiyimdilik emes, sharighatty búzbay baspanaly bolu mýmkindigin qoy kerek. Demek, qarjy naryghynda din jolyndaghy adamdargha da teng mýmkindikter qarastyrylyp jatyr degen sóz. Búl túrghydan alghanda bizde alghashqy qadamdardyng bar ekeni quantady. Negizi, qazirgi tendensiyagha qarap otyryp, Qazaqstandaghy islam bankingining perspektivasy zor dep nyq senimmen aitugha bolady.

Aybar Oljaev

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