Birinshi surette - aqyn Múhtar Shahanov pen Qúrmaniyaz Jolshy

2012 jyly 17- tamyz kýni Ystambúlda Týrkiya qazaqtarynyng aldynghy qatarly aqsaqaldarynan Qúrmaniyaz Jolshy dýnie saldy. Júma namazynan song Zәitinbúryn Ámina Inanysh meshitinde janazasy oqylghan marqúm ýshin keshkisin ýiinde auyzashar berilip Qúran oqytylyp dúgha isteldi. Ótken jyldarda qazaqtyng belgili aqyny jәne memleket qayratkeri Múhtar Shahanovpen kezdesip sóilesken Qúrmaniyaz aqsaqal HH- ghasyrdyng alghashqy jarymynda Altay men Barkólde belgili din ghalymy bolghan Jahiya mollanyng nemeresi. Osyghan baylanysty Jahiya molla turaly maqalamyzdy úsynbaqpyz.

Birinshi surette - aqyn Múhtar Shahanov pen Qúrmaniyaz Jolshy

2012 jyly 17- tamyz kýni Ystambúlda Týrkiya qazaqtarynyng aldynghy qatarly aqsaqaldarynan Qúrmaniyaz Jolshy dýnie saldy. Júma namazynan song Zәitinbúryn Ámina Inanysh meshitinde janazasy oqylghan marqúm ýshin keshkisin ýiinde auyzashar berilip Qúran oqytylyp dúgha isteldi. Ótken jyldarda qazaqtyng belgili aqyny jәne memleket qayratkeri Múhtar Shahanovpen kezdesip sóilesken Qúrmaniyaz aqsaqal HH- ghasyrdyng alghashqy jarymynda Altay men Barkólde belgili din ghalymy bolghan Jahiya mollanyng nemeresi. Osyghan baylanysty Jahiya molla turaly maqalamyzdy úsynbaqpyz.

Shynjanda ótken ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda ómir sýrgen eki ýlken ghúlamasynan biri Aqyt qajy bolsa, ekinshisi Jahiya molla bolyp tabylady. Qazaqtyng Molqy ruynan shyqqan Aqyt qajyny jәne shygharmalaryn býgin Shynjanda bilmeytin adam kemde kem. Biraq, qalaysha eken Jahya mollany kóp adam bilme bermeydi. Múnyng negizgi sebepterinen biri Aqyt qajynyng ghúlama bolumen qatar, artynda kóptegen jazbasha enbekter qaltyruynda jatsa kerek. Aqyt qajy Islam dinine qatysty enbekterin óleng týrinde jazyp ol kezding shekteuli mýmkinshilikterine qaramastan kózining tirisinde Qazanda baspadan shygharyp ýlgergen edi. Biraq Jahya molla onday jazbasha enbek qaltyrmaghandyqtan ol turaly kóp zertteu jýrgizilmegen bolsa kerek.

Baqytqa oray Jahiya mollanyng úrpaqtary tiri, qazir Ystambúlda ómir sýrip jatyr. Olardan biri úly Hamzadan bolghan nemeresi Jәlel qajy (familyasy Inan). Biz osy maqalamyzdy sol kisining bergen mәlimetteri negizinde dayyndap otyrmyz.

Jahiya molla 1875 jyly Qazaqstannyng Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna qarasty Zaysanda tuyldy. Qazaqtyng Nayman ruynyng Tórtuyl úrpaghyna jatatyn Jahya mollanyng әkesining aty Búrqat edi. Arqat jәne Bólekbay atynda eki inisi bolghan Búrqattyng Jahyadan basqa Jaylaubay atynda bir úly taghy bar edi. Jahya bala kezinen bastap zerektigi jәne enbekqorlyghymen ózge balalardan sytylyp shyghyp kózge týsti. Auyl imamynan alghashqy sabaqtaryn alghannan keyin joghary bilim alu ýshin Semeyge jiberildi. Semeyde ol kezding uniyversiyteti esepteletin Ghaliya medresesine týsti.

Oquy ayaqtalar shaqta Semeyde oba auruynyng payda boluy Jahiyanyng oqudan ketuine sebep boldy. Osy júqpaly aurudyng qashan shyqqannyng dәl bile almay otyrmyz. Degenmen 1890 jyldardyng orta sheni boluy әbden yqtimal. Ol, óte ýreyli apat әkeldi. Kýn sayyn ondaghan, tipti jýzdegen adam aurudan qyrylyp jatty. Alayda aurudyng jan jaqqa taraluyn toqtatu mýmkin bolmay túrdy. Osy tústa bir baqsy "aurudyng toqtauy ýshin Ghaliya medresesining bas imamyn óltiru qajet" degen yrym jasady. Qayterin bilmey mýshkil halde jýrgen halyqtan osy sózge sengen bireu tang sәride namaz oqytu ýshin meshitke bara jatqan bas imamdy art jaghynan kelip pyshaq salyp óltiredi. Osy uaqighadan keyin medrese jabyldy. Sonymen oquy toqtap qalghan Jahya Zaysangha auylyna qaytyp keldi.

Osydan keyin qansha uaqyt ótkeni beymәlim. Bir kýn Zaysangha kelgen әke joldasy Sәrsebay Jahyanyng ómirinde bet búrys jasaytyn bir úsynys aitady. Sәrsebay Altay qazaqtarynyng Nayman ruynan auqatty jәne bedeldi adamdarynan edi. Kereyding bir bútaghy Shaqabaylardyng ataqty bii Tarynyng qúdasy jәne Nәzir teyjining naghashysy bolghan ol Jahyanyng Semeyde medresede oqyp kelgenin estigennen keyin, Altayda mollagha qatty zәrulik bolyp otyrghanyn aityp ony Altaygha bala tәrbiyeleuge shaqyrady. Sóitip Jahya әke joldasy Sәrsebaygha erip Altaygha keledi de, sol ónirding ataqty biylerinen Tarynyng qamqorshylyghynda bala oqyta bastaydy.

Shaqabay ruyn basqaryp otyrghan Tary by jomarttyghy, parasattylyghy, qara qyldy qaq jarghan әdildigimen tariyhqa ótken iri túlgha bolatyn. Ol bay, baylyghyna say jomarttyghymen erekshelenedi. Tary jetim jesirler men kedeylerding qorghaushysy boldy. Saudamen ainalysqan Tary Reseyden alghan tovarlardy Qytaygha, Qytaydan alghan zattardy Reseyge satatyn. Onyng Reseyge jóneltken sauda keruenderin inisi Dәlibay basqaryp jýrdi.

Dәlibay erekshe iltipat kórsetken Jahya molla Sartoghayda tórt jylday oqu aghartu júmystarymen ainalysty. Sodan keyin Zaysangha qaytyp ketti. Búl jerde Bibiymen ýilendi. Biraz uaqyt ótkenen keyin, atap aitqanda 1898 jyly túnghysh úly Hamza Zaysanda ómirge keldi.

Búl arada Sartoghayda Jahya molla ketkennen keyin ornyna molla tabylmaydy. Sondyqtan Sәrsebay qayta Zaysangha kelip Jahya mollagha Tary biyding ózin shaqyryp jatqanyn, óitkeni balalardyng oquynyng shala qalghanyn aitty. Osydan keyin Jahya molla 1904 jyly qayta Sartoghaygha bardy. Qalghan qúmyryn osynda ótkizdi. Biraz uaqyt ótkennen keyin Zaysandaghy inisi Jaylaubaydy da qasyna alghyzdy. Tipti keyin Shynjang qazaqtarynyng әdebiyetinde ózindik orny bolatyn belgili aqyn Arghynbek Apashbayúlyn da Zaysannan Sartoghaygha alghyzdy. Hamza qajynyng Týrkiyadaghy úly Jәlelge tirshiliginde aitqanyna qaraghanda, Arghynbek Jahya mollamen tuys keledi eken. Óitkeni ol jazghan ólenderining ayaghyn

"Naymanda Qarakerey asyl zatym,

Tórtuyl ishinde atam Toqan.

Arghynbek Apashbaev mening atym,

Ár jerde maghlúm bolsyn hatym."

dep keltiredi eken.Aqyn Arghynbek sonymen qatar molla bolatyn. Óitkeni Jahya mollanyng úly Hamzany sol oqytqan eken. Jahya mollanyng Hamza, Qapas, Kәry (Ábdikәrim), Saqaba, Sabyrjan jәne Qúmarbek attarynda alty úly, Qúsni, Zeynep jәne Yqman attarynda ýsh qyzy boldy.

Jahya molla diny saladaghy oqu aghartu jәne moraldyq júmystary halyqtyng kónilinen shyghyp túrdy. Ilsam dinining qúndylyqtaryn, Allagha qúldyq jәne ghibadat etuding manyzyn býkil kýshin salyp uaghyzdap jýrdi. Sóitip auyl adamdaryn birlik-berekege, imandylyqqa shaqyryp otyrdy. Olardyng tek sauatyn ashyp ghylymhal men fyqyh mәlimetterin berumen ghana shektelmedi. Sonymen qatar olardy ghylym men bilimge de jigerlendirdi. Orys tilin jetik biletin Jahya molla Qazaqstan men Reseyde bolyp jatqan uaqighalardy bayqap otyrdy. Jýieli týrde ózine kelip túrghan orys jәne qazaq tilindegi gazet - jurnaldardy oqyp túrdy. Jahya molla oqu aghartu isteri men qatar qazylyq qyzmetti de tabysty atqardy. Kelispestikke týsken jaqtar onyng bergen biylik ýkimderimen tatulasty.

Sol kezding ekinshi ataqty ghúlama jәne qazysy Aqyt qajy boldy. 1868-1940 jyldary arasynda ómir sýrgen Aqyt qajy turaly kóptegen enbekter oqyrmangha mәlim. Sondyqtan biz osy maqalamyzda oghan toqtalmaq emespiz. Biz tek onyng Jahya mollamen baylanysyn atap ótpekpiz. Ekeui bir mezgilde ómir sýrgen dos ghúlamalar edi. Kәmil kisilik tanytqan osy eki úly ghalym birbirimen әste baqtalaspady. Tipti kerisinshe birbirlerining kemshilikterin tolyqtyrugha beyim boldy. Búl әsirese olardyng qazylyq qyzmetterinde naqty kórinis tapty. Sol kezding salt-sanasy boyynsha, arazdasqan adamdar ózderine kimdi qazy taghayyndasa da erikti edi. Sondyqtan halyq Aqyt qajy beytarap bola almaytyn jaghdaylarda Jahya mollagha, al Jahya molla beytarap bola almaydy degen jaghdaylarda Aqyt qajynyng qazylyghyna jýginetin. Misal ýshin aitar bolsaq, Molqy ruynan bireumen arazdasqan adamdar, Molqy Aqyt qajygha emes, Nayman Jahya mollanyng qazylyq isteuin súraytyn. Mine búl jaghday bizge Jahya molla men Aqyt qajy arasynda qazylyq mәselesinde ózara yntymaqtastyq baryn kórsetedi.

Din salasyndaghy tereng bilimi men qazylyq qyzmetteri Jahya mollanyng ataghyn Shynjannan asyryp Qazaqstanda da shyghardy. Sondyqtan bir kýn Qazaqstannan tórt adamdyq bir delegasiya kelip Jahya mollany Qazaqstangha qaytugha kóndiruge kýsh saldy. Óitkeni Zaysandaghy qazaq biylerinen Halit bolys dýnie salghan edi. Onyng ornyn toltyratyn adam tabylmaghan edi. Álgi ókilder Jahya mollagha "Halit bolys dýnie saldy. Onyng ornyna adam tabylmay otyr. Sondyqtan seni alyp ketemiz." dedi.

Osynday sharasyz jaghdaydy bilgennen keyin Jahya molla Qazaqstangha qaytudy maqúl kórdi. Biraq әlgi ókildermen birge emes, keyin qaytatyn boldy da dayyndyq kóru ýshin ózine eki ay uaqyt súrap aldy. Sóitip Jahya molla Qazaqstangha qaytugha dayyndalyp jatqanda, qajygha ketken Dәlibaydyng kiyeli jerde dýnie salghany habary jetip keldi. Osynday jaghdayda, Dәlibay qajynyng zayyby Jahya mollagha kelip Zaysangha qaytpauyn, elde qaluyn ótindi. Qiyn qystau kýnderde ózderin tastap ketpeuin súrady. Jahya molla ózine jaqsylyq jasaghan әke joldasy Dәlibay qajynyng qaraly zayybynyng ótinishin jerge tastay almady da Qazaqstangha baru josparyn bir jolata toqtatyp tastady.

Uaqyt ótip jyl 1930 jyldargha kelgende Shynjannyng tolqymaly kýnderi bastaldy. Qatygez gubernator Shyng Shysay barlyq jerde qazaqtargha qúqay kórsetip qysym jasay bastady. Ásirese ózining temir júdyryghynan alysta Altayda erkin ómir sýrgen qazaqtargha tyrnaghyn batyrghysy keldi. Sondyqtan Altayda túru qyiyngha soqty. Qazaqtar lek legimen Altaydan kete bastady. Osylargha erip Jahya mollanyng otbasy da aldymen Nori, odan keyin Barkólge kóship keldi. Hamza búl jerde qauipsizdik mekemesin basqardy. Ol keyin zalyn, yaghny audan әkimining orynbasarlyghyna kóterildi. Jahya mollanyng kenje úly Qúmarbek Barkólde jas shaghynda dýniyeden ozdy.

Uaqyt óte kele Barkóldegi qazaqtargha da tynyshtyq berilmedi. Zalym Shyng Shysaydyng әskery kýshteri auyldargha qalay bolsa solay shabuyl jasap adam óltirip mal-mýlikterin tonay bastady. Qazaqtar Elishan jәne Zayyp Teyjining jetekshiliginde Ghansugha bosty. Hamza zalyng da Barkólden kóship ketuge tәuekel etip qasyndaghy jýz shaqty otbasy men Ghansugha qaray jyljydy. Biraq Jahya molla keybir júmystaryn retteu ýshin Barkólde qaldy. Alghashqy әieli Biby qaytys bolghannan keyin ýilengen ekinshi әieli Qúpyyany úly Hamzamen birge jiberdi. Ózi keyin olargha qosylatyn boldy. Hamza toby Toranghy degen jerde Shyng Shysay kýshterimen shayqasyp 400 qoy, 30 at jәne 17 syiyr jau qolyna ótti.

Barkólde qalghan Jahya mollagha Qúday úldary men zayyby Qúpyyany ekinshi ret kórudi jazbady. Shyng Sysay әskerleri Barkólding kiris shyghystaryn baqylap túrghandyqtan Jahya molla qaladan shygha almay qaldy. Ózin tergeuge alghan әskerlerge kóship ketu oiy joq ekenin, óz erkimen Barkólde qalghanyn aitugha mәjbýr boldy. Sóitip ol tek Shyng Shysaydyng qarmaghynan qútylyp ghana qoyghan joq, sonymen qatar ýkimetting maqtau madaqtauyna da ilikti. Óitkeni Jahya molla siyaqty qazaqtyng ataqty ghúlamasynyng óz qoldarynda boluy, múny ýgit nasihattarynda paydalanbaqshy bolghan ýkimetke kerek edi. Sondyqtan Jahya mollagha әr týrli jaghday jasalyp kómek kórsetildi. Jahya mollanyng qoylarynyng qúlaghynda en, syiyrlarynda bolsa molla degen tamgha bar edi. Sol eng men tambalar boyynsha úly Hamzadan tәrkilenip alynghan tórt týlik mal qaytarylyp berildi.

Úldary men әielinen kóz jazyp qalghan Jahya mollagha jana bir otbasy qúru qajet edi. Sondyqtan qayta ýilendi. Biraq ghúlama búdan keyin úzaq jasamady. Úldary Hamza, Qapas, Kәry jәne Saqaba Tiybet pen Ghimalayalardy týrli tauqymettermen asyp әren jetken Ýndistanda kýn kóruding qyiynshylyqtaryn bastan keshirip jatqan tústa 1944 jyly Barkólde dýnie saldy. Onyng beyiti qazir Barkólde Jasanqyzylda. Barkól eli ony qúrmettep beyitin kýmbezdep qoyghan. Olargha mynbir rahmet.

Diny jәne qazylyq salalarynda eli ýshin talmay enbek etken Jahya mollanyng aty óliminen keyin jarty ghasyrdan astam uaqyt ótse de býkildey úmyt bolghan joq. Shynjan qazaq ziyalylary marqúmdy shygharmalarynda reti kelgende atap eske aluda. Búlardyng qatarynda qytay qazaqtarynyng alda kelgen jazushylarynan Zeynolla Sәnikúlyn aitugha bolady. Ol Týrkiya qazaqtarynyng kósh jetekshilerinen Qúsayyn Tәiji men Mústafa Óztýriktin әkesi Qәben Tәijining atalary Álkembay men Tólebaydy ózek etken Sergelden degen romanynda Jahya mollanyng aty key jerlerde kózge týsedi. Mәselen sol romanda "Kereyding Jәkesi, Merkitting әkesi" dep tanylghan Jәke biyding ýiindegi jinalysta Jahya molla da boy kórsetedi. Jinalysta sol kezding qasqasy men jaysandary bolyp tabylatyn Shaqabay Tary bi, Qazybek Lak by jәne Nayman Bútabay by bas qosady. Búl jerde Jahya molla men Lak by arasynda qyzyqty diyalogtargha oryn beriledi.

Jahya molla úrpaqtary qazir Qytay, Mongholiya, Týrkiya jәne Europa elderinde ómir sýrude. Onyng nemerelerining sany 200-den asqan. Jahya mollanyng úrpaqtarynan әsirese Hamza erekshe kózge týsken qayratker retinde tanyldy. Ol Barkólden Týrkiyagha jasalghan qazaqtardyng kóshinde Naymandargha jetekshilik etti. Týrkiyagha ornalasqannan keyin ondaghy Naymandardyng qamqorshysy, dúghakóy aqsaqalyna ainaldy. Sonday aqyldy, parasatty, seri, dindar, kópshil jәne berekeshil bolghan Hamza zalyndy tek Naymandar ghana emes, Týrkiyadaghy býkil qazaq qúrmet kórsetip syilady. Ol 1995 jyly, jýzge tayaghan shaghynda Ystambúlda Zeytinbúryn degen jerde dýnie saldy. Hamzanyng úly Jәlel de býgin Týrkiya qazaqtary ishindegi bedeldi aqsaqaldardan biri. Ol 1986 jyly irgesi qalangha Ystambúldaghy Qazaq qorynyng qúrushylarynan biri. Jahya mollanyng Qapas atyndaghy úlynan nemeresi Qúrmaniyaz ben Zeynep atty qyzynan nemeresi Shaqabay úruynan Ziajan qajy Týrkiya qazaqtarynan tanymal isker aqsaqaldary. Jahya mollanyng Hamza, Qapas, Kәry jәne Saqabadan taraghan nemereleri býgingi kýnde Germaniyanyng Munhen, Maynz, Kelin, Fransiyanyng Pariyj, Úly Britaniyanyng London, Gollandiyanyng Amsterdam qalalarynda ómir sýrude. Al Hamza atamyzdyng kezinde Barkólde túrghanda naghashasyna bergen úly Kәrimning úrpaqtary Mongholiyada, al ekinshi úly Rizabekting úrpaqtary bolsa Ýrimjide ósip ónip jatyr.

Mening әkem Sýndet qajy Barkólden Týrkiyagha jasalghan kósh kezinde anasy men bauyrlarynan kóz jazyp tiri jetim bolyp Ýndistangha jetip bir jergilikti Pakistandyqtyn qasynda qazaqtan oqshau júmys istep jýrgen jerinde tauyp qamqorshylyghynda qazaqqa qosqan Hamza atamyz edi. Keyin Týrkiyagha kelgennen keyin әkemiz Jahya mollanyng nemereleri Jәlel jәne Qúrmaniyazben tize qosyp sauda istep elding aldynghy qatarly otbasylarynan birine ainaldy. Ózim jas kezimde Hamza atamyzdyng dastarqanynda kóp bolyp әngimelerin kóp estidim. Sarqytyn da kóp iship talay ret batasyn aldym. Sol kisini ózime ýlgi aldym. Atap aitqanda sol kisidey eline, halqyna qyzmet isteytin, halqyna jaqqan azamat bolsam degen armanmen óstim.

Týrkiyada Jahya molla men Hamza atamyz ýshin aituly bir oqigha boldy. 2007 jyly qazan aiynda Ystambúldaghy bir medresege Mongholiyadaghy Kәrim Hamzaúlynyng nemeresi Marat oqugha kelipti. Kenetten kelgen búl habar Týrkiya jәne Europadaghy Jahya molla úrpaqtaryn ýlken quanyshqa bóledi. Óitkeni solar arasynda býginge deyin molla shyqpaghan eken. Mine Qúdaydyng jazghany sol, onday úrpaq sonau Mongholiyanyng Búlghyn degen jerinen shyghyp Qazaqstanda alghashqy diny sabaqtardy oqyp songhy tolyqtaushy diny bilimdi Týrkiyanyng Ystambúl qalasynan alghan Kәrimning nemeresi Marat bolyp shyqty. Ol bala oquyn tabysben ayaqtap molla degen ataq alyp Mongholiyagha qaytyp ketti. Ol keter aldynda Jahya molla úrpaqtary qúran hatim týsirip sauabyn atalarynyng aruaqtaryna baghyshtady. Sóitip Jahya molla men Hamza atamyzdyng aruaqtary 2008 jyly tamyz aiynda oryndarynan bir aunap týsken bolsa kerek.

Osy maqalamyzgha baylanysty eske alghan Jahya molla atamyzdyng jatqan jeri torqa, barghan jeri újmaq bolghay demekpiz. Onyng esimining qazaq halqynyng jýreginde mәngi saqtalary dausyz.

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