Týrkiler qúrghan Úly qaghanattar
Álemdegi basqa halyqtarmen birge tirshilik keship jatqan 200 milliongha juyq týrki júraghaty HI ghasyrdan bastap HVII ghasyrgha deyin jer sharynyng ýshten ekisin biylep túrdy desek qatelespegendigimiz. Sonau HI ghasyrdan bastap-aq, Shynghys han qúrghan Úly qaghanattan bastap, odan keyingi onyng nemereleri úiymdastyrghan; Qúbylay ( Qytaydy biriktirip, imperiya dәrejesine jetkizgen), Qúbaghúl (Hulagu) (qúramyna kóptegen elder kirgen Kishi aziya imperiyasy), sonymen qatar, Batyl han (Batu) negizin salghan imperiyalardyng ómir-jasy birneshe ghasyrgha jetti deuge bolady. Euraziya jazyghynda Batyl han ornatqan úly qaghanatty - Altyn Ordany, - negizinde týrki qypshaqtar ornatqanymen, onyng qúramyna jaulap alynghan kóptegen handyqtar men knyazdyqtar jәne koroldyqtar kirgen edi. Sol sekildi, ózge qaghanattarda da solay.
Degenmen, qazirgi qazaqtar, bir kezderi ózderining ata-babalary qúrghan osynau Úly tarihty týsine ala ma?! Neghaybyl? Anqau, alanghasar qazaqtyng altyn tarihyn ainaladaghy eti tiri elder ózderine qaratyp alghan.
Alash júrty, óz sanasyndaghy keri ketken qúldyq týisikti aldaghy uaqytta alyp tastay alsa, bolashaqta týsiner deymiz. Biraq, kesh boluy da mýmkin. Qazaqtyng óz mәtelimen aitqanda, «Bolary bolyp, boyauy sinip» degendey.
Janyn shýberekke týiip, qany men qúrbandyghyn shasha jýrip, kezindegi kóshpeli týrki qypshaqtar - arystanday aigha shapqan, azuly birneshe imperiyany qúra bilui, ol onay dýnie emes. Múnday úly isterdi atqaru, úiymdastyru kóptegen halyqtardyng peshenesine jazylmaghan. Mýmkin, olardyng otyryqshylyghy bolar? Tek, Rim imperiyasy ghana bolmasa! Qalay desekte, qazirgi qazaqtar osy úghymdy, payymdy týsinse bolghany!
Týrki júrtynyng ekinshi bir eli qúrghan úly qaghanat, ol – Osman imperiyasy. Búlar da óz zamanynda at ýstinde ósken júrt. Kәri qúrlyqtyng tizginin qolyna alyp, Aziyanyng birneshe elin ózine iyliktirgen halyq. Biraq, jetken jetistikteri kóbine kóshpeli Jalayyr taypasynyng arqasynda ghana. Vizantiya imperiyasyn qúlatyp, astanasy Konstantinopolidi tartyp aludyng ózi úshqyrlyq pen myqtylyqtyng belgisi emes pe?!
Shynghys han men onyng altyn úrpaqtary ornatqan alyp qaghanattar, sonday-aq, Osman imperiyasy, ózge últtardyng shashylyp jatqan knyazdyqtary men korolidikterin biriktirip, olardyng memleket boluyna jol ashyp jәne damuyna әkeldi.
Osylardy aita otyryp, kezinde Kóshim han qúrghan jәne biylegen Sibir handyghynyng da (Ybyr-Sybyr ólkesi) kendigi jaghynan, óz uaqytyndaghy Rim imperiyasynyng aumaghynan әlde qayda ýlken bolghan.
Kóshim de, Shynghys han jәne onyng nemeresi Batyl han siyaqty kóne qypshaq tilinde sóilegen týrkilerding úrpaqtary. Osylardyng barlyghy kezindegi qypshaqtardyn, yaghni, qazirgi qazaqtardyng boytúmar tarihy. Olardy úmytugha, ne bolmasa salghyrt qaraugha bolmaydy jәne keyingi úrpaqtyng sana-sezimine, onyng ata-babalarynyng qanday bolghandyghyn tereng týsindirip, qalyptastyra biluimiz kerek!
Týrki qypshaqtar eng birinshi ishki tay-talastan (qazir de kezdesedi) jәne auyz birligining joqtyghynan, ózderi bir kezderi qúrghan qúrlyq aralyq alpauyt memleketterin qúlatyp aldy.
Mәselen; Kulikova dalasyndaghy (Kýlik alqaby) soghysta Altyn Orda biyleushisi er Mamay jenilgen emes. «Ólding Mamay, qor boldyn», – dep te aitpaghan. Qayta «Jending Mamay, erleding Mamay», – degen. Stalin qúrghan Kenes Odaghynyng sol kezdegi orys ghalymdary bәrin kerisinshe jazghan. («Staliniyada» kitabynan). Tek, Altyn Orda imperiyasy Temirlannan birneshe ret soqqy jep, jenilgennen song әlsirep qalghan. Ásker basy Mamay bolsa Altyn Ordany qayta qolgha alyp, kýsh jiyp, orys knyazdyqtarynan keletin toqtap qalghan alym-salyqty qalpyna keltirmek bolghan. Altyn Orda әskeri búrynghyday mol bolmaghandyqtan, shegingen jaudyng artynan jibermegen. Sony Qyzyl tudyng astyndaghy ghalymdar men jazushylar Dmitriy Donskoy jendi, – dep oidan qúrastyryp, Kenestik iydeologiyagha óz ýlesterin qosqan. Altyn Ordany qúlatqan negizinde Temirlan bolatyn.
Temirlan kim edi?! Orys jazushysy S.Dyominning «Bayaziyt», – atty ataqty romany bar. Roman týrik súltany Bayazitting atymen atalghanymen, kóbine-kóp Temirlannyng bir rette jenilmegen әskeri men onyng jenimpaz joryqtaryna arnalghan. Romandy týgelimen oqyp shyqqan adam, jazushynyng Temirlandy eshbir jerde ózbek, – dep atamaghandyghyn bayqaysyn. Mýmkin, ol kezde ózbek atauy bolmaghanda shyghar. Tek, Barlas ruynyng azamaty bolghandyghyn aityp otyrady. Kóp jerinde bylay dep jazady: «On byl synom skotnika kochevogo naroda, kogda to peresilivshiyesya na bereg reky Syrdariy y Kashkandariiy». Jalpy Barlas ruy qaydan kelgen jәne búl arada qaydan payda bolghan? Shynghys hangha baylanysty romandar men orys jәne europa ghalymdarynyng ghylymy zertteu monografiyalaryn oqyp, zerttep qaraghanda, Barlas ruyn Altay aimaghyndaghy sol zamandaghy jәne sol kenistiktegi eng iri taypa Naymandardyng qúramynan kóresiz. Osy taypagha jatatyn kishigirim ghana ru. Horezm imperiyasyn Shynghys han shapqanda, Altay aumaghynan qosylyp, qalyng әskerding qúramynda soghysqa qatysqan. Qara Ertisten kóship, Baykólge deyin barghan. Biraq, keyin ol jaqtyng qatty suyghy únamady ma әlde jaz jaylaudan, qys qystaudan qyspaq kórdi me ontýstikke qaray yghysyp, ol kezde suy mol Syrdariya men Qashqandariya ózenderining jaghasyna kelip toqtaghan. Qashqandariyagha Barlas ruynyng birneshe atasy ghana kelip qonys tepken. Mine, Temirlan osy ózenning alqabyna ornalasqan Shahrisyabz qystaghynda dýniyege kelgen.
Dalanyng er - azamaty bolghandyqtan at qúlaghynda oinap ósken. Daladaghy qyratty, oipatty, saylardy soghysqa qalay paydalanudy óte jetik bilgen. Sonda, Temirlan qay elding úlany? Qazirgi ózbek aghayyndarymyz óz memleketining aumaghynda tughan qay halyqtyng balasy daryndy túlgha bolsa, ol ózbek deydi. Biraq, Temirlan turaly qatelesuge bolmas deymiz. Tipti, sol memlekette túrghan basqa etnostardyng kópshiligin ózbek qylyp jazdyryp, ózderine sinirip әketti. Jalpy, ózbek aghayyndar qalalyq halyqtar, otyryqshy el. Erte zamannan sauda-sattyqpen jәne baqsha ónimderin ósirumen ainalysqan tirshiligi myghym júrt. Álimúlynan shyqqan Jalantós batyrda Samarqandty qyryq jyl biylegen emes pe?. Ony da ózbek,- dep qanshama jyl aitysyp-tartysyp aqyry týbi qazaq, ruy Álimúly bolghany anyqtalghan song jayyna qaldyrdy. Keshegi Kenes Odaghynyng batyry Sabyr Rahymov sekildi. Týptep kelgende, ataqty Temirlanda Nayman taypasynyng Barlas ruynan shyqqan azamat. Múny, europalyq jәne amerikalyq ghalymdar jazyp otyr. Tipti, ghalym jәne jazushy Hilda Hukhem ózinin Ámir Temir turaly jazghan ghylymy enbekterinde de osylay kórsetken. Sonda, imperator Temirlandy qay elding balasy deymiz?! Áriyne, Týrki júrtynan shyqqan handar da, súltandar da, batyrlar da kóp bolghan. Degenmen de, Temirlandy kóshpeli elding azamaty dep týsinuimiz kerek jәne solay da.
Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,
Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi
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