Kezinde múnay halyqqa әr zamanda qúdiret kýshi dep tanylady. Erte dәuirlerde adam balasy Teristik Italiya memleketinde jer qoynauyn jaryp shyghyp, qaynar bolyp aghyp jatqan múnaydy tastan jasalghan ydystargha qúiyp, qaranghy mezgilderde jaryq retinde paydalanudy bilgen. Gerodot shygharmalarynda Tigr men Evfrat ózenderining boyynda kóptegen múnay kózi bolghanyn, jinalghan múnaydan payda bolghan asfalitti Vavilon qalasynda qúrylys materialdary esebinde qoldanylghaly turaly aitady. Plutarh Aleksandrdyng ómiri turaly shygharmasynda mәngi baqy laulap janyp túratyn kógildir jalyn turaly әsirilep jazghan. Vizantiya memleketining jauyngerleri dúshpanyna qarsy soghystarda tarqatylghan kenderdi aghash basyna orap, ony múnaygha malyp alyp túratyn, jau kemelerine laqtyru arqyly jeniske jetip otyrghan. Búl oqigha «Grek oty» degen atpen qaldy. HVII ghasyrdyng bas kezinen bastap kóptegen múnay keni ghylymgha múnaydyng paydaly qor ekeni mәlim bola bastady. Osydan keyin qara altyndy» jappay iygeru bastalyp ketti.

Birynghay teoriya joq

Zertteushiler planetada múnaydyng qalay payda bolghany turaly óz gipotezalaryn kópten beri úsynyp keledi. Biraq әli de onyng payda boluy turaly birynghay teoriya joq. Múnay men gaz ýnemi jer qyrtysynda tabighy quystar (tesikter, jaryqtar) boyymen qozghalady. Alayda, miyneraldyng qay jerde jәne qalay payda bolatyny dәl býginge deyin belgisiz. Tabylghan ken oryndary – búl tabighy baylyqtyng jinalghan qory ghana. Osyghan qaramastan ghalymdar múnay týziluining eki yqtimal gipotezasyn anyqtady. Onyng biri – organikalyq, ekinshisi – beyorganikalyq.

Organikalyq teoriya

Múnay qosylystaryn anyqtay alatyn kórsetkishter bar. Sonyng biri – sazdy jynystar. Búl bir kezderi teniz týbinde jatqan balshyq. Uaqyt óte kele ol teniz januarlarynyng qaldyqtarymen, qúmmen jәne topyraqpen aralasyp, jinaqtalady. Milliondaghan jyldar ótken song tyghyzdyqtyn, joghary temperaturanyng jәne qysymnyng әserinen múnday balshyq tasqa ainalady.

Jerding qyrtysyndaghy organikalyq zattar joghary temperatura men qysymnyng әserinen ydyrap, himiyalyq reaksiyalar kezinde maygha ainalady. Búl ózgeris 50-350 million jylgha sozylady. Jerdegi barlyq múnay-gaz kompaniyalary birdey teoriyany ústanady, sondyqtan olar tabighy baylyqty slanes bar jerden izdeydi.

Beyorganikalyq teoriya

Himiya ónerkәsibining damuy múnay men gazdy beyorganikalyq qosylystardan zerthanalyq jaghdayda alugha bolatyndyghyn kórsetti. Mysaly, kómirtegi oksiydi men sutekting qospasy (sintez gazy) kómirsutekterge ainaluy mýmkin.

Áygili ghalym D.IY.Mendeleev te múnaydyng beyorganikalyq shyghu teoriyasyn úsynghan edi. Orys himiygining aituynsha, jer sharynyng ortalyq yadrosy temir jәne qúramdarynda kómirtegi bar basqa materialdardyng qospalarynan qúralady. Jer qyrtysyndaghy jaryqtardan ótken sulardyng әserinen búl yadro jenil kómirsulardy – asetiylen, etiylen jәne t.b. týzedi. Jer jaryqtary arqyly joghary jer qyrtysynyng suyq bólikterine kóterile bere olar múnaydyng negizgi qúraushy bólikterine ainalghan auyr kómirsular qospasy bop shyghady. Sonymen qatar, kómirsutekter kóbinese kýtpegen jerden payda bolady. Sondyqtan keybir geologtar múnay jer betinen 50-

240 kilometr terendikte payda boldy dep sanaydy. Olar janghysh súiyqtyq metan qorynan shyghady, sodan keyin janadan óndirilgen múnay quystar men jaryqtar arqyly planetanyng jogharghy qabattaryna jetedi deydi.

Búl teoriyanyng bir qateligi mynada: osylaysha qalyptasqan resurstyq klasterler kez kelgen jerde jinaluy mýmkin. Odan góri sazdy taqtatasty tabu әldeqayda onay. Alayda, eger múnay men gazdyng kózi beyorganikalyq bolsa, onda olardyng qory tausylmaydy.

Al múnay qorynyng shekteuli ekenin aityp ghalymdar jyldar boyy dabyl qaghyp keledi. Aldaghy jarty ghasyrda biz myndaghan jyl boyy paydalanyp kelgen tabighy baylyq qory tausyluy mýmkin degen boljam bar.

"Múnayly meken" gazeti

Dәuren Omarov

Abai.kz