Mo Yan, Orhan, Gau Shiynjiyan
Bizdi joqtan bar etken, osy joldardy jazugha kýsh berip otyrghan Úly Qúdiretti Alla Taghala qay dәuirde ne nәrse yqpaldy bolsa, sol dәuirding payghambaryna soghan say múghjiza berdi.
Musa a.s) payghambar kezinde siqyr qatty damyghandyqtan Alla Taghala onyng asa tayaghy jylangha ainalatyn qasiyet berip Perghauynnyng barlyq siqyrshylarynan asyp týsirdi. Isa (a.s) payghambardyng zamanynda medisina damyghandyqtan, Alla Taghala oghan soqyrdy kórgizetin, alapesti bir sipap jazatyn qasit berip, dәrgerlerding shamasy jetpeytin múghjizamen quatty etti. Al bizding payghambarymyz Múhammed Mústafa (s.a.u) ghasyrynda bolsa sheshendik, óleng qúrau, sóz óneri qatty damydy. Adamnyng qadir-qasiyetin soghan qarap baghalady. Abay atam aitqanday sóz berilgenderding arasynda estisi de, eseri de boldy. Tipti ólenderin Qasiyetti Kaghbagha ilip qoyatyn bolghan. Sol kezde Úly Jaratushy kórkem sózding eng biyik shyny Qúrandy týsirdi. Qúran óleng de emes, qara sózde emes, ekeuinen de joghary túrghan sóz ónerining eng quattysy. Basynan-sonyna deyin kórkemdikke toly, maghyna, yrghaq, tembir, úiqas, ýndestik, әuezdilik bәrin boyyna jighan adam balasynyng qolynan kelmeytin ghalamat Múghjiza ekenin esti kisiler sezedi. Qúrandy oqyghan sayyn rahattanyp, erekshe kýige bólenip taghyda eriksiz qaytalap oqy beretin boldy. Al eng kýshti degen jyrdy bir neshe ret oqyghanda adam jalyqty. Sol kezding barsha sheshen-aqyndary Qúran adam balasynyng qolynan kelmes, tylsym sóz ekenin moyyndaudan basqa amaldary qalmady. Arabtardyng eng ataqty shayyry Imry ul-Qays «endi eshkimning aitargha sózi qalmady» dep, óz jyryn Kaghbadan alghanda, onyng astynda túrghan alty jyrda alyndy. Qúranda «aqyndar» jәne «qalam» sýresi bar. Sózdi saghan Alla berdi. Onyng da erteng súraghy bar.
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Jazushy adamzatqa paydaly bilmge bay jәne úshqyr qiyaldyng biyiginde qanat qaghatyn boluy shart. Oqyrman birde týsinip, birde týsine almay sharshasyn. Sharshaghanda oilanyp әdemi sharshasyn. Biz búl maqalamyzda ózim oqyp shyqqan noveli әdebiyet syilyghynyng iyegeri jazushy Orhan Pamuk, Mo yan, Gau Shiynjiyan turaly sóz qozghaudy jón kórdik. Orhannyng «Mening atym qyrmyzy» romany, Mo Yannyng «Araq eli», «41 ótirigi», «Jәnnataghy sarymsaq jyry», «Ómir men ólim kýresi», «Baqa», «Qyzyl jýgeri», «13 qadam» romandary, Gau Shiynjiyanyng «Ruh tauy» romany naghyz tiri әdebiyetting ózi. Demek, noveli alghan jazushylar jay jazushy emes. Biz siyaqty jerding betindegi kózben kórgen, qolmen ústaghan tar óristi nәrseler emes, adamzattyq, jalpy tirshilik, jandy-jansyz jaratylys syrlaryna basqasha ýnilip Qúdaylyq ilimge kóz jetkizedi.
Kóptegen әdebiyettanushylar men synshylar Sheved akademiyasy sayasy maqsatty ústanady jazushy «últyn, elin jamandasa boldy, beredi» degen bir jaqtyly kózqarasty aitady. Ádebiyetke syn aitatyn ghalym meninshe jazushylyq qiyaly boluy kerek. Ádebiyet ómirden biyik túrghan, ómirdi oigha, ony qiyalgha qúryq etken jasampazdyq. Ádebiyetten sayasat izdeuding esh keregi joq. Shyn әdebiyette shekara, shenber, últ, úlys joq, tek jandy-jansyz tirshilik, on segiz myng ghalam bar. Pamukting «Mening atym qyrmyzysy» jerding beti emes, aspan asty emes, mýlde basqa bir kenistikte qalyqtap jýr, ózi aitqanday «qalqyma» әlemde. Ýlken shyrma-shatu kýrdeli siijet joq, tek 5 suretshi, on eki jyl syrtta bolghan Qara jәne onyng ghashyghy Shakura eki balasymen, Shakuranyng qaynysy Hasen bar bolghany osylar, osylardyng ortasyndaghy uqigha. Jazushy barlyghyn birinshi jaqpen bayandap, oqyrmannyng ishinen sóileydi. Orhan Qúran men hadisti, Payghambarymyz Múhammed (s.a.u) jaqsy biletini kórinip túr. Atalmysh romandaghy «Men itpin» degen taruynda Qúrannyng «Kahf» sýresindegi jeti jigit pen hiyd-mir atty itting әngimesin bayanday kele it turaly sóz qozghaydy. Qytaydyng ataqty jazushysy Lu Shýnnin «Esalannyng esteligi» әngimesindegi Jaufamilaly ýiding iyti kóz aldyma keldi. Onda: Jau tekti ýiding iyti nege maghan alaya qaraydy, kóshedegi adamdar nege sonsha meni kelemejdeydi? Ana kishkene balalargha ne joq?. Jazushy romannyng әr jerinde payghambarymyzdy eske alyp otyrady, Ábu Qúrayra (r.a) nyng eteginde úiqtaghan payghambarmyzdyng mysyghyn oyatpay etegin qiyp ketken әngimesin eske salyp, tiri jandygha ziyan tiygizbeudi әdemi jetkizedi. Romanda adamnyng bes týrli hәli, әlem ruh, әlem ana qúrsaghy, әlem pәny dýniye, әlem barzaq, әlem qiymet ondaghy adam ruhy, jan shygharda keletin shaytan taghy basqa jinishke dýniyeler sóz bolady. Adamgha qay iste bolmasyn әuelde bilim kerek, sosyn sol iske qadam kerek, sosyn oghan yqylas kerek jazushy osy teoriyany jaqsy bergen. Romannyng betin ashqanda «Shyghys, batys, әr tarap Allagha tәn» Baqara sýresi 115 ayat. «Soqyr men kórushi teng emes»Fatyr sýresi 19 ayat. «Sol uaqytta bireudi óltirdinderde de sol jóninde talastyndar, Alla jasyrghandaryndy ortagha shyghardy»Baqara sýresi 72 ayat. Qasiyetti Qúrannyng ýsh ayaty túr.Ýshinshi ayattaghy qissa baqara sýresining 67 ayatynan 73 ayatyna deyin bayandalady. Musa(a.s) zamanynda bir jigitter bir adamdy óltirip, ózderi Musa payghambargha kelip, qandyqoldy bizge kórsetseniz deydi. Osy kezde Alladan payghambargha uahy týsip: bir siyrdy soyudy aitady. Janaghy jigitter onyng qanday qatysy bar deydi. Allanyng búiyryghy oryndandar deydi. Onda bizge sirdyng naqty belgileri turaly aitsanyz, Rabbynyzdan súrasanyz dep birneshe qaytara belgilerin súraydy. Kәri de emes, jas ta emes, orta jastaghy, kórgen jandy ózine qyzyqtyratyn, soqagha jegilmegen, esh qinalmay ósken әdemi jyltyraghan jýni bar, sap-sary siyr bolsyn degen uahiydi jetkizedi Musa payghambar. Jigitter sol sirdy tauyp soyady. (Siyrdy tabu da Allanyng qúdireti, óz aldyna ýlke qissa, ony búl arda sózi úzartyp aitpadyq). Sol kezde soyylghan siyrdyng bir mýshesimen mәiitti úryndar deydi. Sol sәtte ólik tirilip qandyqoldy aityp beredi.
Orhannyng atalmysh romanynda «men saytanmyn» degen tarauy taghy bar. Gau Shiynjiya men Mo Yan, Orhanda ýlken úqsastyq bar. Mo Yannyng «Ómir men ólim kýresi» romanynda san beyneden ózgergen adam ruhy suretteledi, esek, siyr, donyz, iyt, maymyl bolyp eng sonynda qazan bas auyru bala bolyp tuylady.
Solay óz basynan keshken sarpaldang da ayanyshty ómir men ólim kýresin aitady. Osy jerde jer iyesining ólim sәtindegi tәninen ruhynyng ajyrauy men Orhannyng «Mening atym qyrmyzy» romanynyng bastapqy tarauy «Men bir ólikpin»degi suretshi ólimi jәne Shakuranyng әkesini(romanda men jezdelerinmin) ólimi jәne songhy tarudaghy qandyqol Zaytýndy Hasannyng óltirgendegi sәtterin suretteuleri qatty úqsaydy. Gau Shiynjiyannyng «ruh tauy» romanynda terezeden qarap túrghan menge syrttaghy qúr baqanyng til qatuy, onyng óz әkemning ruhy eken dep suretteui. Mo Yannyng 35 kýnde jazaghan «Janattaghy sarymsaq jyry» romanyndaghy Gau Ma men Jin Jýiding mahabbat tragedyasy, qanday da bir erekshe jaghday tuylatyn kezde Jin Jýiding kózine elesteytin, taydyng әr kez kisinegen ýnin estui, tasyrlata shapqan túyaghynyng dýrsili oqyrmanyn sonday tartyp otyrady. «Araq eli» romanyndaghy prokuror Ding Gurudyng balanyng etinjegenderdi tekserip baryp ózi sonynda bala etin jeui, onyng las tәninen ruhynyng bólinip tóbege jabysyp qarap túruy, sonynda qayta qosyluy. «41 ótirik» romandaghy bas keypker et jegish bala Lo Shiyautonnyng hikayaty, onyng et jeu qúdayy boluy sonday ghajayyp ruh әleminde suretteledi. Qart monah, ghibadathanadaghy qyz bәride tamasha jymdasady. ataqty "Qyzyl Gauliyan" daghy Gau My audany әkimi Jou Hausәnning auzynan beretin: búl pút-jansyz tas, senderge qaytyp janbyr jaudyrady, janbyrdy qúday jaudyrady deui. Shan әuletindegi ýlken hanymnyng týnimen erkek ansap marjan sanuy, týnde jýretin eles, Dәy Juliyan ekeuining ótirik kýlip, shyn shayqasuy. Dәy Juliyan men Ly Jan Au sonday tamasha shyqqan keypkerler. "Baqa"daghy Gu Gu beynesi, onyng ýshqysh ghashyghy, josparly tuu sayasatynan keyingi onyng eng sýrkekeyli adamgha ainaluy, baqalar shuylynyng onyng qúlaghyna ózi týsik tastatqan balalar ýni bolyp estilui ghajayyp suretterler. "13 qadam" da orta mektepting fizika múghalimi Fang Fugy sharshaghannan qúlaydy, ony óldi dep, mәiitqanagha aparuy, odan keyingi onyng ruh әlemindegi ómiri, shyn men jalghan arasynda fantaziyalyq baghytta órbiydi.
Búl jazushylar óz shygharmalarynda Qúday, Perishte, Ruh, Saytan taghy basqa da bizding shekteuli kózimiz kóre almaytyn, az miymyz tanyp jete bermeytin tylsym әlemge sýngiydi, qiyal men shyndyqty úshtastyrady, oqyrmandy «shyn dep oilasa shyn, ótirik dep oilasa ótirik» bolatyn kózqarasqa jeteleydi. Atalmysh jazushylar әlemge basqasha kózben qaraydy. Sony pikirleri men aqyl jetpes beyneler jasaydy. Demek jazushylar sujetke jabyspay oigha erik berip, qiyalmen sheksiz әlemge erkin qanat qaghady. Sujetter qas qaghym sәtte ózgerip oqyrmandy adastyrady, tipti bir sóilemde eki ne odan da kóp ýlken uqigha tizbekteledi. Eki әlemdi bir sәtte qatar qoyyp surettey alady. Olardaghy taghy bir ortaqtyq tarihy kózqarastarynyng óte terendigi, shygharmalaryndaghy miyf, anyz, halyq arasyndaghy әngimeler óz oqushysyn birde tereng oidan demaltyp, azdan song qaytadan tanghajayyp әlemge bastap ketedi. Atalmysh shygharmalardaghy úshqyr qiyal, tartymdy fantastika jazushylardyng jasampazdyq quattarynyng damylsyz tasqyndauy novel әdebiyet syilyghyn bermesine qoymaydy. Mo Yannyng sóz saptauy, obyrazdy beynelui ozyq ekeni men múndalaydy. Áriyne Mo Yan men Gau Shiynjiyan ejelgi qytaylyqtardyng fetishizm, totemizm, anemizm jәne magiya siyaqty kóne nanym-senimdermen birge buddiyzim, dausiyzim, konfusiyshildik, islam, hristan t.tt dýnie tanymdargha tamyryn jibere beretini shyndyq. Al Músylman jazushy Orhan Qúrangha boylap jazghany onyng romannyng birinshi betine jazghan ýsh ayattyng bas-ayaghyn Qúrannan asyqpay zerdeley tәpsirimen oqysanyz, ghalymdar enbegine sýiene, sol ayattar turaly izdenseniz roman ruhyn anyq kóresiz.
Ádebiyet tarihyda «神魔文学流派» Qytayda XIII ghasyrdyng songhy jartysynda bastalghan Qúday, pershte, jyn-shaytan әdebiyet tendensiyasy tolyq qalyptasty. Ondaghy jýrdek qiyal, ghajayyp kýsh, dii-periler әdebiyeti XIX ghasyrdyng basyna deyin jalghasty. Qytaydyng Ming patshalyghynyng songhy kezi men Ching patshalyghy kezeninde dii-peri, jyn-shaytan, aruaq siyaqty tylsym kýshterdi qatystyryp úzaq roman jazu tipten qyza týsti.
神怪小说 Jiyaching patsha túsynda óz biygine jetti, onda buddizm qúdaylary, jyn-albasty, shaytandy keyipker etip roman jazu ýrdisi jedel damydy: Shýy Jonlin men Lushishyng jazghan “Pyng Chyn yaniy”, Ly Shujin jazghan “Jing Huangan” romandary jәne tórt ataqty roman jәne Pu Súnling jazghan Liyaujay anyzdary osy baghytta jazylghan. Osy kezde 700 kesek tuyndy jazylyp, bizge 200 enbek tolyq jetken.
Gau Shiynjiyan men Mo Yan, Orhan Pamuk prozasynda erekshe subektiv sezim әlemin jasaydy, dýldýl minip gharyshty sharlaydy, syrly transzendentti obektiv dýnie somdap, aiqyn avangardtyq reng beredi. Talay synshylardyng ony siqyrlyq realizm әserine qatty úshyraghan deytini sodan. Búl aradaghy transzendentti dýnie degen – bilimning nemese saf rasionaldyng obekti emes, niyetting nemese praktikalyq rasionaldyng qajetti túspaly, til sheberligi men psihologiyalyq emeurini. Búl prozalar metafizikalyq әlemde erkin kezedi, úshqyr oiy oqyrmandy әp-sәtte adystyryp qaytadan oqyrmandy ózi tauyp alady. Jýrdek te jyldam oilar tezesi kim-kimdi bolsyn bey jay qaldyrmaydy.
Mysaly Mo Yannyng – barlyq keyipkerlerin antropologiyalyq dengeyge qaytaryp, adamdy januar, tirshilik, alghashqy tirlik iyesi etip, mәselelerge sosiologiyalyq, etikalyq әdispen qaraudy búzuynda, halyqtyng kýiin baqylaushy sanatynda emes, jay júrttyng biri retinde suretteuinde. Mo Yan túrghan auylynan (jýz otbasy, jeti jýz adamy bar shaghyn ghana qystaqtan) úshqyr oiy arqyly jasandy dýniyeni, shygharmashylyq alandy, ruhany iydeyanyng tórkinin qalyptastyrghan.
Atalmysh jazushylar ózin jasaghan topyraghyna tereng ýnilgen.
Ábden pisip jetilgen, ysylghan qalamgerler. Latyn Amerikasynyng siqyrly realizmining yqpalyna úshyraghany shyn, desede olar atalmysh tendensiyany jaqsy paydalanghan. Ádebiyettegi óli tynyshtyqty, qalptasqan qasang teoriyashyldyq qaghidany búzghan erkin oily jazushylar bolmaq. Jazushygha qaray teoriya jasaluy shart. Ramkagha simaytyn talanttardy qapasqa salu bos әureshildik.
Ádebiyet ol adamzatqa qyzmet etui kerek. Beligi bir teritoryada qamalghan shygharma ómirsheng bola almaydy. Jalghyz últqa baylanghan әdebiyette әlsiz әdebiyet.
Ádebiyet ruh әlemine boylamay tiri әdebiyet bolyp sanalmaydy.
Ádebiyetten sayasat izdeding esh keregi joq. Shyn әdebiyette shekara, shenber, últ, úlys joq, tek jandy jansyz tirshilik, on segiz myng ghalam bar.
Al muzika men dene tili ruhpen týsinisedi, shyn әdebiyette solay ruhqa boylaydy, sonda býngi jahandanu júta almaydy.
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