Tarih bizdiki. Elimiz sony tolyq týsinbeude!
«Qazaqtar ózderining kim ekenin bilse, әlemdi jaulap alady»
II Ekaterina
Orys patshayymy.
«Chingishan byl kazahom - issledovateli istoriy Zolotoy Ordy»
Vladimir Belinskiy
publisist, avtor bestsellerov
«Strana Mokseli, ily Moskoviya», «Moskva Ordynskaya» y «Ukraina-Rusi».
Znamenityy zavoevateli Chingishan byl ne mongolom. Takogo mneniya priyderjivaetsya izvestnyy issledovateli istoriy Zolotoy Ordy, avtor knig «Strana Mokseli» y «Moskva Ordynskaya» Vladimir Belinskiy. On utverjdaet, chto na samom dele Chingishan byl kazahom y ego rod proishodil iz turkoyazychnyh plemen.
«Kiyaty, kiyreity, naymany y merkitami, - eto ne mongoliskiye, a turkoyazychnye plemena. Ostatky ih ostalisi na territoriy sovremennogo Kitaya, no rechi plemen - kazahskaya, - govorit Vladimir Bronislavovich. - Pry jizny Chingishana gosudarstvennym v ego imperiy byl drevniy kazahskiy yazyk. Otes Temudjina (v kazahskoy proiznosheniy Temirshina) Esugey byl hanom kiyatov. Materiu - Oyan iz roda merkitami. Jena Chingishana - Borte byla iz kazahskogo roda koniratov. Vse synoviya pokoriytelya mira nosily turkskie iymena. Sam Chingishan (Shingishan) na kazahskom oznachaet «luchezarnyy han». U mongolov ny togda, ny do sih por ne bylo takih iymen. Slovo «han» toje iskluchiytelino turkskoe, a ne mongoliskoe. Mongoly svoih praviyteley nazyvaly titulom «kontaychiy». Vybiraly Chingishana na obychnom kazahskom kurultae. U mongolov takogo slova net. Toliko kazahi, kotorye ispovedovaly tengrianstvo, horonily svoih pokoynikov v taynyh mestah, o kotoryh malo kto znal. Ob etom obychae pisal evropeyskiy posol v Zolotuy Orde Plano Karpini. On viydel etot obryad. V te vremena mongoly otvozily svoih umershih na kladbiyshe y ostavlyaly tam pod otkrytym nebom».
Belinskiy schitaet, chto russkaya istoriya skryvala etot fakt chtoby ne priznavatisya v tom, chto v svoe vremya russkih pokorily kazahi, kotorye vposledstviy voshly v Rossiyskuy imperii y byly podchiynennymy russkih sarey. Poetomu vsu slavu zavoevateley otdaly dalekim mongolam.
«Ofisialinoe priznanie kazahskogo proishojdeniya Chingishana proizoydet v blijayshee vremya, - prognoziruet Belinskiy. - Kazahstan eshe oglyadyvaetsya na Rossii y Kitay, kotorye iymeiyt svoy tochky zreniya y ne sobiraitsya ustupati istoricheskimy mifamiy».
Osydan biraz jyldar búryn, әlem tanyghan Edil batyrdy (Attila) ózimshe zerttep, maqala dayyndap jýrgenimde, qazaqtyng úly ghalymy Álkey Marghúlannyng ghylymy enbekterin oqyp shyqqan bolatynmyn. Sonda, әigili ghalymnyng enbeginen, últymyzdyng «Qozy kórpesh – Bayan súlu» atty dastanyna tórt myng jyl bolghan degen sóilemderdi oqyp, qayran qalghanmyn. Osyghan oray, Euraziya kenistiginde ornalasqan, bizding Úly dalamyzdyng aumaghynan shyqqan, osy Edil batyr, ne bolmasa, odan bergi zamanda әlemge aty shyqqan Shynghys han men onyng úldarynyng qúrghan imperiyalary týrki elinin, yaghny aitqanda, qypshaqtardyng altyn tarihy bolyp esepteledi ghoy. Men, talay jyldardan beri, gazet júmysymen birge, elimizding tarihyn shamam kelgenshe zerttep, zerdelep kele jatqan adammyn. Mýmkindigim jetkenshe, qazaq ghalymdarynyn, sonymen qatar, orys jәne shartarap elderinin, Ortalyq Aziya, sonday-aq, Qytay, Mongholiya, Sibir aumaghyn mekendegen últtar men úlystardyn kóneden kele jatqan tarihyna arnalghan býkil enbekterin oqyp shyqtym desem, artyq aitqandyq bolmas. Tipti, «Sokrovénnoe skazánie mongólov» - qazaqshalaghanda «Mongholdyng qúpiya anyzyn» zerdeley qarap, talay ret oqydym. Aqiqatyn aitqanda, búl kýngi mongholdargha eshqanday qatysy joq. Eger, taldap, dәliregin aitatyn bolsaq, «Mongholdyng qúpiya anyzyn» - ol myng qoldyng qúpiyasy, yaghni, Shynghys hannyng anau kógildir Altaydan, sonau Atyraugha, Edilge deyingi jәne Sibir ormanynan bastap, Qytaydyng Úly qorghanyna deyingi aralyqtaghy tolyp jatqan ru, taypalardy qalay biriktirgeni, ol ýshin qanday әdis – aila qoldanghany, sóitip, han taghyna qalay jetkendigi tolyqtay bayandalady. Sondyqtan, búl shejireni, shynymen de «Myng qoldyng qúpiyasy» deuge tolyq negiz bar. Soghan layyq ta.
Esimderi qypshaq – qazaq tilinde ekenin úmytpayyq.
Taghy bir, asa nazar audaryp, aitarym, Shynghys han men onyng balalary, nemereleri, sol sekildi, Úly qaghannyng tuystarynyng esimderi men tegi, tútastay týrki, yaghni, qypshaq tilindegi ataular. Ásirese, bizding qazaqtardyng nyspylaryna óte jaqyn, tipti, úqsas desem de bolady. Eger aitsam, qaghan kezindegi esimi Shynghys, bala kezdegi aty Temuchin (Temirshi, Temirshyn), (qytaylar, orystar, sonymen qatar, europalyqtar, týrkilerding aty – jónin qújatqa týsirgende, qalay da әriptik qateler (gramatikalyq) jiberedi. Búl qazirgi kýnderi de jii kezdesedi, ony ózderinizde bilesizder.), sonymen ary qaray kettik : Jamúqa-Sechen (Jalmúqan Sheshen), Hubilay (Qúbylay), Hulagu (Qúbaghúl) , Shaghatay, Joshy - Djuchy (Jolshy), Qasar, Belgudey, Daritay (Dәritay), Sashabek(Saqa-bek, Saqabek), Targutay Kiriltuh ( Targhyltay Qyryldaq), óstip kete beredi. Anau, Monghol atanghan, qazirgi buryat – manjurlardyng aty – jónderine, shynymdy aitayyn, mýlde juyqtamaydy. Men , birneshe jyl osylardy qarastyryp, osy kýngi Mongholdyng aty – jónderimen mýlde úqsastyq taba almadym. Tipti, jaqyndamaydy da.
Oqyp, izdey jýrip týsingenim, búrynnan orys ghalymdary, sonday-aq, qazirgi qatardaghy orys ziyalylary da, Reseydin qúramyndaghy Buryatiyany «Reseylik mongholdar» dep ataydy eken. Nege deseniz, buryattar jәne mongholdar bir-aq tilde qarym - qatynas jasaydy. Dәstýri de, dini de birdey.
Osylarmen qatar, nazar audara aitarym, orys jәne Europa ghalymdary, tipti, Aziyalyq ghalymdardyng birazy, osy Shynghys han imperiyasy jәne onyng ainalasynda órbigen tarihy oqighalardy, keyingi jyldary týbegeyli qayta zerttep, Úly qaghanattyn eshqanday búl kýngi Mongholdyng tarihy emestigin, kezinde ketken qatelik ekendigin, naqty aityp, jazyp, kórsetude. Búghan, dәlel retinde, kóptegen ghalymdardyng ghylymy júmystaryn mysal retinde aitugha bolady. Men, osy oqymystylardyn kóbining enbekterin paydalanyp, sizderge biraz jyldardan beri maghlúmat berip kelemin, sonday-aq, ol ghalymdardyng aty-jónderin de, reti kelgenshe, jazghan maqalalarymda kórsettim. Sondyqtan, osy ghalymdardyng ghylymy júmystaryna sýiene kele, aitarym, - Úly dalamyzda kezinde oryn alghan, әr zamangha ózgeris әkelgen, kóptegen elderding biriguine, keyinnen olardyng quatty memleketterge ainaluyna jol ashqan, (Qytay, Resey sekildi ) - yaghni, óz uaqytynda elimizding aumaghynda tirshilik keshken, daqpyrty alysqa ketken, sonday-aq, adamzattyng damuyna orasan zor ýlesin qosqan, búl órkeniyetti qaghanattar, shynymende bizding maqtan tútar, altyn tarihymyz, - deuge bolady.
Tek, bizding últymyzgha, Kenestik dәýirden qalghan eski, jattandy oi-pikirin ózgertip, óz ara qyrqyspay, ózderinen qyzghanbay, orystyng talay ghasyr bizden jasyryp kelgen , tekti, asyl dýniyemizdi tanyp jәne olardyn egip ketken qúldyq sana – jýiesinen arylyp, kezindegi Úly ata-babalarymyzdyng iske asyrghan ghalamat isterin úghynyp, týsinse eken deymiz.
Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,
Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi
Abai.kz