Bekqoja JYLQYBEKÚLY, filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, Euraziya Últtyq uniyversiyteting professory:

– Bekqoja Jylqybekúly, sizben 3-4 jyldyng aldynda súhbattasqan edim. Uaqytqa toqtau barma, ómir synaptay syrghyp ótip jatyr. Biyl 60-qa tolyp jatyr ekensiz, mereyli jasynyz qútty bolsyn! Merey toygha baylanysty qanday dayyndyqtar jasalyp jatyr?

– Áleke! Osydan birneshe jyl búrynghy ekeuara súhbattarymyzda shygharmashylyq pen shyrayly da shynayy ómir jayly, mening tólqújatymdy tartyp alyp, birneshe jyl «ýiqamaqta» ústaghan Qytay elining qogham qauipsizdik mekemesining merez is-qimyldary turaly dәlel sypattary aiqyn, qúndy pikirlerdi ortagha salghan bolatynbyz. Ol taqyryptar әli de kónergen joq. Dese de, Tanjaryq aqynnyng «Kuәsi talay ghasyr ótti syrghyp, jyldy jep, aidy asap, kýndi turap» degen ataly sózi sekildi kýnderding kýmiljip, jyldardyng jylysyp ótip bara jatqan kerueni bizding keshegi balalyq, jastyq shaghymyzdy 60-tyng biyigine jetkizip salyp otyrghany adamgha oy salady. «Alpys – taltýs» desek te adam aldyna emes, artyna qarap qarttyq qoynauyna betalghandyghyn sezinetindigi anyq ekendigin angharghandaymyz. Sondyqtan oqu-toqugha den qoyghan, ózindik shygharmashylyq joly bar adamynyng 60 jasqa kelip, osy jasqa deyin ne istedim, ne tyndyrdym dep, ózine ózi ghana emes, el-júrtyna, halqyna esep berui tabighy qúbylys ekeni belgili. Sol dәstýr ýlgilerimen eles-qimyl arqyly san-sanaqtyq mәlimet beru sharuasyna ózimshe әzirlik jasap, qamdanyp jatyrmyn desem, anyq bolatyn shyghar.

– Úzaq jyldan bergi aghartu salasyndaghy enbeginizding nәtiyjesinde shygharmashylyghynyz ben ghylymy zertteu enbekteriniz turaly 60 jyldyq merey toyynyzgha oray «Qazaq, qytay tili men әdebiyetining damu betalysy» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-tәjiriybelik konferensiya ótedi degen aqparattyq hatty kózimiz shalyp qaldy. Onyng jay-kýii qalay?

– 1985 jyly Shynjang uniyversiytetin tamamdaghan son, QHR Qúlja qalasyndaghy Ile pedagogikalyq instutynda til-әdebiyet mamandyghy boyynsha «Jazushylyq bilimi», «Qazaq әdebiyeti tarihy» jәne «Osy zaman qytay әdebiyeti» qatarly sabaqtardy dәris retinde studetterge leksiya oqu barysynda shyndalyp shyqqanym esimde. Sol barysta ortalyq Últtar instutynda bilim jetildirumen birge Sandong pedagogikalyq unversiytetining magistraturasynda arnauly «Qytay әdebiyeti» mamandyghy boyynsha bilim alghannan son, ghylymiy-zertteu baghytymdy odan ary aiqyndap, «Óleng teoriyasy» salasynda izdenis jasaugha kiristim.

Al 1995 jyly atajúrtqa qonys audarghannan keyin de, osy taqyryp boyynsha filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, prafessor Qúnypiya Alpysbaevtyng jetekshiligimen «Qazaq óleni: kórkemdik jәne dәstýr jalghastyghy» atty taqyrypta kandidattyq dessertatsiyany solaqay sayasattyng sodyr kedergisine qaramay art-artynan eki ret qorghap jýrip, filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty atandym. Ókinishke oray, «IYdeyalogiyalyq betbúrys kezeni: egemendik alghannan keyingi qazaq óleni jәne jana dәuirdegi qytay poeziyasy» atty taqyrypta doktorlyq dessertatsiya  qorghaugha aranalghan ghylymy enbegim dayyn bolyp qalghanda, ghylymy enbekti qorghaudyng kóne jýiesi jabylyp, PhD doktorlyq jana jýie onyng ornyn basty da, búl jol ortadan ýzilip qalghan edi. Alayda ony rettep, jýielep, janghyrtyp jәne tolyqtyryp «Ólenning ózegi» atty monografiyagha ainaldyryp, óleng ónerining qyry men syryn bilgisi keletin oqyrmandargha úsynghanyma bek quanyshtymyn. Áne sol sekildi qazaq, qytay tili men әdebiyeti jayly ghylymy zeritteu jaqtaghy enbekterimning de oqulyq jәne oqu qúraldary retinde ýnemi art-artynan jaryqqa shyghyp jatqandyghyn eskere otyryp, L.N. Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya últtyq uniyversiytetimizding 2023 jyldyng 28 sәuirinde mening 60 jyldyq merey toyyma oray «Qazaq, qytay tili men әdebiyetining damu betalysy» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-tәjiriybelik konferensiya ótkizudi josparlap otyrghandyghy meni shabyttandyryp otyr. Mine, búl úzaq jyldyq ghylymy zeritteu men oq-aghartu salasyndaghy enbegimning elep-eskerilgendigining nәtiyjesi.

– Óleng teoriyasy demekshi, jaqynda sizding «Ólenning ózegi» degen zertteu enbeginiz jaryqqa shyqty ghoy. Osy kitabynyz jayly aita ketseniz? 

– Búl kitap óleng teoriyasyna qatysty ghylymy enbek. Kýni býginge deyin óleng teoriyasyna qatysty jaryq kórgen ghylymy enbekterding kóbi ólenning buyn, bunaq, úiqasy men shumaghynnyng tónireginde barmaghyn sanap, óleng ónerining úiqas erekshelikterin týgendep, onyng ishki mәndik manyzdy týiinderine jәne ózegine boylay almay kelgen bolatyn. Al búl ghylymy enbekting ereksheligi óleng ónerining syrytqy týr-túlghalyq erekshelikterin ólenning bir ghana yrghaqtyq belgisi retinde qarastyryp, «óleng ónerining ózegi ne?» degen súraq tónireginde onyng ishki mәndik bolmysyna nazar audarady jәne ol turaly naqtyly mysaldar arqyly dәleldep-dәiektep kórsetuge tyrysady. Sóitip, óleng ónerin kórkemdik ereksheligine qaray «saryndy ólen» jәne «daryndy ólen» dep eki topqa bólip, jiktep-jintiktep, taldap, tarmaqtap beredi. Osy negizde oidy beyneleu tәsilderi bolghan bayandau, payymdau, lirika, suretteu qatarly tәsildermen birge oidy taqpaqtap jetkizu tәsilining de qazaq halqynyng auyzeki tili men taqpaqtyq jazba mәtinderinde bar ekendigin dәleldep kórsetedi. Mysaly, Shәkerim Qúdayberdiúlynyn:

«Qazaqtyng týp atasy – batyr Týrik,
«Arabsyn» degen sózding týbi shirik.
«Pәlenshe sahabanyng zatysyn» dep,
Aldaghan din jamylghan ónkey jýlik.

Nemese Abaydyn:

«Payda oilama ar oila,
Talap qyl artyq biluge.
Artyq bilim kitapta,
Erinbey oqyp kóruge», – degen búl ólendik mәtinder bylay qaraghanda óleng be? Áriyne ólen! Onda buyn, bunaq jәne úiqastyng bәri tolyq. Sondyqtan ony óleng emes dep eshkim de aita almaydy. Biraq onda týsindiru men aqyl aitu ýiqaspen kómkerilgennen tys, suretkerlik pen býkpeleu joq. Onda tek úiqastardyng boluyna qarap, biz búl shumaqtardy óleng dep otyrmyz. Búl da shyndyq. Sonda biz ony keremet óleng dep, Erkin Ibitanovtyn:

«Torghay túr tonyp, qaltyrap,
Terekten pana tabylmay...
Sarghayyp qapty japyraq
Aurudyng alaqanynday» nemese Tynyshtyqbek Ábdikәkimnin:

«Qybyr etpes aptapta susar shilik,
Tau – úiqyshy, it – tynysh, jusan – súlyq.
Shanyraqtan tik týsken nayza – sәule,
Sýiegine sandyqtyng túr shanshylyp», – degen myna óleng shumaqtarynyng qataryna qoya alamyz ba? Áriyne joq! Ne ýshin? Jogharyda mysal keltirgen óleng shumaqtarda suretkerlik joq. Suretkerlik joq jerde poetikaly qúndylyqtyng bolmaytyndyghy besheneden belgili. Al poetikalyq quat bolmaghan jerde kórkem әdebiyetting kólenkesi de kórinbeydi. Sondyqtan, úiqas ólenning jalpy bettik poetikasyn emes, tek yrghaqty sazdylyghyn tudyratyn ólenning kóp týrli erekshelikterining ishindegi bireui ghana. Ony dәleldeu ýshin Shәkerim men Abaydyng osy bir shumaq «ólenderin» úiqastardan aiyryp, qara sózge ainaldyratyn bolsaq, bәri belgili bolady. Al tómengi óleng shumaqtaryn úiqastan aiyrsanyz da, ol sol qalpynda óleng bolyp qala beredi. Onyng sebebi – onda túnyp túrghan suretkerlikke toly sezimdik tolghanys bar. Ony yrghaghy men әsem sazdylyghynan aiyrsa da, onda oi-sezimge әser etetin poetikalyq kýsh-quat menmúndalap túrady. Sondyqtan qazaq dýniyetanymynda oiyn taqpaqtap beyneleuding «taqpaq» ýlgisin biz mynaday tehnologiya men ruhany әlem kemeldengen dәuirde naghyz óleng dep, shatasyp jýrgenimiz úyat-aq. Qazirgi qazaq balasynyng ekeuining birining «aqyn» bolatyn sebebi de sodan. Osy týrghydan alyp qaraghanda, oiyn taqpaqtap beyneleytin úiqasqúl ólender qoldanbalyq sipatymen «taqpaq» nemese saryndy óleng dep atalady. Al sheber suretkerligi men obrazdylyghy arqyly oi-sezimge oinaqy әser etetin daryndy ólenderding naghyz kórkem әdebiyetting mәiegin qúraytyndyghyn ólentanushylar men aqyn bolghysy keletin mashyq iyelerine aiqyndap beru «Ólenning ózegi» atty búl ghylymy enbegimizding basty mindeti desek artyq aitqan bolmaymyz.

– Beke, myny bir oiynyzdy ólentanu salasynda búdan búryn esh jerde estimegen, ne kórmegen tyng janalyq retinde qabyldap otyrmyn. Osy oiynyzdy ary qaray taghy da biraz órbitip jiberseniz jaqsy bolar edi.

– IYә, búl oiymyzdy tyng janalyq deuge de bolady, demeuge de bolady. Óitkeni, taqpaqtyng ne ekendigin bile túra, onyng óleng emes ekenin moyyndaghysy kelmeytin «aqyndarymyz» jetkilikti. Taqpaq pen óleng ekeuining eki basqa dýnie ekendigin moyyndap, olardyng arajigin naqtyly mysaldar arqyly aiyryp beru rasynda da janalyq. Desede, búl oiymyzgha tistyrnaghymen qarsy keletinder ýshin sandyraq boluy da mýmkin. Óitkeni, aitys aqyndary men kórkemdik óresi úiqastan asa almaytyn madaq, arnau, qúttyqtau, ósiyet, bata-tilek, joqtau, sayasy auqymdy jyrlau qatarly publisistikalyq taqyrypta óleng jazatyn «aqyndar» oidy taqpaqtap beyneleu tәsilin qoldanady. Sol ýshin biz taqpaq jazatyn adamdargha tabynyp kettik te, janasha stilide ózinshe izdenip óleng jazatyn aqyndardy «batysqa tabynghan, modernizmshil, óleni týsiniksiz, últtyq dәstýrden auytqyghan» degen sekildi jala qoqsyghy men dattau daqpyrttaryn olardyng basyna ýiip-tógip, artynan it qosyp qualaytyn dәrejege jettik. Adam balasynyng psihologiyalyq ishki arpalystaghy әlemi men jan dýniyesin surettep, býkpelep kórsetetin shygharmamalardy baghalaudy ekinshi oryngha ysyryp qoyghanymyz da jasyryn emes. Onyng basty sebebi – ólenjandy adamdardyng ólennen «ózekti oi» izdep, onyng salmaghyn aqyldyq tanym tarazysymen tarazylap, әleumettik-sayasy qúnyn asqaqtatyp, odan sezimdik tanym túrghysynda estetikalyq súlulyq pen poetikalyq qúndylyq izdeuden alshaqtau ekeni belgili. Sóitip, ólenderimiz adam janynyng ruhany әlemining qayshylyq-qaqtyghysqa toly týiinderi men týitkilderin sheshuding ornyna sayasiy-әdeumettik mәselelerding zamanalyq sipatymen ainalysyp, sayasiy-qúrylymdyq jýiening qolbalasyna ainalyp ketken, óleng ónerinin shygharmashylyq shyndyghyna kereghar «óleng óndirisi» syndy jasanda qimyl-әreketting basy qasynda jýrmiz. Mine, múnyng ózi de ólenning ózegin týsinbeudin, naqtylap aitqanda, kórkem әdebiyetting jany bolghan poetikanyng ne ekendigin tolyq iygere almaudyng saldary bolsa kerek.

– Aytpaqshy, Beke, ólentanushy retinde kórkem shygharmadaghy poetikalyq lep jóninde oqyrmandargha naqtyly bir týsinik bere ketseniz jaqsy bolar edi.

– Biz kórkem shygharmany oqyghanda odan habar-oshar nemese sandyq mәlimet alayyq dep oqymaymyz, qayta odan lәzzat alu ýshin onyng qúrylymyna den qoyamyz. Osyndaghy kórkem shygharmanyng oqyrmandy әserlendirip, oghan belgili dengeyde lәzzat syilauy shygharmadaghy poetikalyq kýsh-qúdiret arqyly iske asady. Sondyqtan poetika әdeby shygharmanyng estetikalyq súlulyq quatyn, onyng aiqyn obrazdylyqqa ie kórkemdik mәn-maghynasyn, shygharmashylyq qúndylyghyn aiqyndap beretin, kórkem shygharmanyng shyray-túlghasynan tek sezinuge bolatyn, alayda kózben kóruge kelmeytin qasiyetti ruhy deuge bolady. Ol kórkem shygharmadaghy bir tútas kórkem shyndyqtyng joghary dengeydegi ishki baylanys zandylyqtary men ýilesimdilik jýlgesining jiyntyghy jәne әrqanday bir kórkem shygharmanyng qúrylymdyq jýiesining astaryna jasyrynghan altyn qazyna nemese angharympaz oi-sezim arqyly angharu mýmkindigi bar qúpiya syr deuge bolady. Kórkem shygharmada qoldanylatyn oidy kórkem beyneleu tәsilderi, shygharma qúrylymyn qúru sheberligi men shygharmashylyq sheberlik әdister jәne tildi kórkemdeu amaldary syndy әdeby shygharmashylyqqa baylanysty әdis-amaldar men tәsilderding bәri de kórkem shygharmadaghy poetikalyq qúndylyqty kórnektilendiru ýshin qyzmet etedi. Sondyqtan kórkem shygharma ózining boyyna sinirilgen poetikanyng kýsh-quatymen kórkem shygharma ataghyna ie bolady. Eger ol bolmaghan jerde, kórkem shygharma dep jýrgenimizding bәri publisistikalyq tuyndygha ainalyp qalady. Búghan mysal retinde Oralhan Bókeyding «Qasqyr úlyghan týnde» atty shygharmasyn kóldeneng tartugha bolady. Ondaghy Araydyng ólimi jay ólim emes. Ol әngimening poetikalyq mәnine ýnilgen adam býkil kenes odaghynyng synar jaqtyly solaqay sayasatynyng «jasandy órkeniyeti» ýshin laghanet jaudyrady. Orazqan Ahymetúlynyng «Túlpardyng songhy týyaghy» atty povesti de poetikalyq kýsh-quatqa toly. Ondaghy analyq esekke telinip ósken qúlynnyng qasiyetti jylqynyng minez-qúlqyn joghaltyp, esekting minez-qúlqyn ózine siniruining astarynda bir adamnyng nemese bir últtyng taghdyryna tәn erekshe poetikalyq tartymdylyq jatyr. Sol siyaqty nemisting әigili jazushysy G.Nossaktyng «Spirali» romanyndaghy týrmede jazasyn ótep jýrgen keyipkerding ýlgili tәrtibi ýshin týrmeden merziminen búryn bosatylatyndyghy turaly habardy ol óte qorqynyshty ýreymen qabyldaydy. Týrme ol ýshin naghyz raqatty ómir edi. Al týrme syrtyndaghy әlem oghan sýrkeyli, qatygez ómir bolyp seziledi. Roman keyipkerining osy bir sezimdik tolghanysynyng astarynda da tereng poetikalyq mәn-maghana jatyr deuge bolady. «Janbyr jausa jerding yrysy, jaqsy shyqsa elding yrysy» degen myna bir maqaldaghy poetikalyq tartymdylyq úiqas nemese yrghaq arqyly kózge týsse, al «Aqsaq itting kónili ary jaqta» dep keletin mәtel ózining býkpeleu sipatty poetikalyq poshymymen oqyrmanyn oi-qiyal iyrimine jeteleydi. Bizding qalamgerler qazir kórkem shygharmadaghy poetikalyq kýsh qúdiretti prozada jalang ertegishilikke, al óleng shygharmashylyghynda ony tek úiqasqa jýktep qoyghandyqtan, tuyndylary oqyrmandardyng kónilinen shygha almay, aramter bolyp jýr. Shygharmadaghy kórkemdik pen poetika bir nәrse emes. Kórkemdik qalamgerding sheberligin menzese, al poetika tapqyrlyqtyng tuyndysy. Ol shygharmashylyq sheberlik arqyly tipti de jandana týsedi. Qazirgi qazaq әdeby shyghyrmashylyghynda poetikalyq kýsh-quaty joq «kórkem shygharma» kóp, al poetikalyq tapqyrlyghy bar daraboz shygharmalar az bolyp túr. Sondyqtan bizding әdeby shygharmashylyghymyz sapanyng emes, sannyng qúly bolyp barady.

«Ey, qaraghay,
sen alyp
Bolmaq týgil ónbes en,
Kýn núrynan óng alyp,
Jer uyzyn embesen.

Qantar qaryn ýigende
Kýndi úmytsang synarsyn,
Tóbeng kókke tiygende
Jerdi úmytsang qúlarsyn».

Qytay qazaqtarynyng kórnekti aqyny Jәnathan Tútqabekúlynyng «Qaraghay» atty búl ólenindegi poetikalyq tartymdylyq qaraghay, kýn, jer syndy ýsh túghyrdyng qisyndy baylanysyn tapqyrlau arqyly oqyrmannyng oi-qiyalyn sharyqtatyp, oilantyp-tolghantyp, kónil-kýy qúsyn sezimdik әlem kókjiyeginde qalyqtatyp qoyghandyghynan anyq bayqalyp túr. Jalpy, poetika kórkem shygharmanyng jany. Jany bolghanda da ol bólip-jarugha kelmeytin birtútas әlem. Bir ólenning barlyq shumaghy ondaghy poetikalyq kýsh-quatty qisyndy týrde jabyla kótergende ghana ólenning qúny asqaqtap, ol daryndy ólenge ainalady. Búl oiymyzdy әdebiyettanushy ghalym Sәule Erjanova hanymnyng «Poetikalyq mәtinge tәn qasiyet eng aldymen onyn estetikalyk qyzmetinde» degen tújyrymdy pikiri rastap túrghany anyq.

– Búl payymdaularynyzdan poetika jóninde tolyq týsinikke ie bolghan adam búdan bylay «saryndy ólen» jazyp, ózin de, oqyrmanynda әure-sarsangha salmaytyn shyghar degen oidamyz. Al endi ólenning janrgha, týrlerge bólinui turaly óz basym birde anaday, birde mynaday jikteulerge  tap bolyp jýrmin. Siz búl jóninde ne aitasyz?

– Shyntuaytyna kelgende, qazaq óleni kólemine qaray dara shumaqtar, shaghyn ólender, tolghaular, sujetti ólender dep jiktelse, pishindik qúrylymyna qaray shumaqty ólender, shúbyrtpaly ólender, aq ólender jәne pishindik ólender dep, birneshe topqa bólinedi.

Jalpy óleng kórkemdik óresine nemese oqyrmannyng qabyldau týisigine qaray saryndy óleng jәne daryndy óleng dep eki ýlken topqa bólinedi. Al saryndy óleng ólende beynelengen taqyryp-mazmúnyna qaray qoldanbaly mazmúndaghy saryndy ólender jәne jalpylyq mazmúndaghy saryndy ólender dep taghy eki topqa jikteledi. Búdan әri qaray qoldanbaly mazmúndaghy saryndy ólenderge adam balasynyng belgili bir uaqyttaghy merzimdik qajettiligi negizinde tuyndaghan ólender yaghny arnau ólender, madaq ólender, nasihat ólender, ósiyet ólender, bata-tilek ólender, mún-sher ólender, nauryz ólender, merekelik ólender, merzimdik ólender, hat ólender, sayahat ólender, sayasy ólender, senim-nanymdyq ólender, túrmys-salt ólender, shejire ólender, ótirik ólender, esep ólender, júmbaq ólender, pishindik ólender, balalar ólenderi jatady. Jalpylyq mazmúndaghy saryndy ólenderge adam balasyna ortaq bolghan tanym-týsinikter negizindegi ólender yaghny naqyl ólender, mysal ólender, pәlsapalyq ólender, mysqyl ólender, aitys ólender, әn ólenderi, bәdik ólender, dialog ólender, azamattyq ólender, mahabbattyq ólender, tabighat sureti ólenderi, sujetti ólender tizbegi kiredi. Mine, búl ólenning mazmúndyq jaqtan jiktelui. Búl mazmúndar qay dәuirde de aqyndar jaghynan óleng shumaqtaryna toqtausyz enip otyrghan. Alayda olardyng suretkerlik sipaty men lirikalyq túlghanyng tútastyghy jәne yrghaqtyq ynghayynyng bir túlghalanbauy sebepti daryndy óleng dengeyine kóterile almay kele jatqandyghyn jaqsy bilemiz. Sondyqtan saryndy ólender qay dәuirde de «óleng óndirisinin» kólkósir tuyndysy bolyp keldi de, kórkem estetikalyq jәne poetikalyq talgham tarazysynyng qatang ólshemine tolmaghandyghy sebepti, kórkem әdebiyet tarihynyng aqordasyna kire almay, ruhany әdemning qoqyr-qoqsyq alanynyng «qonaghy» bolugha qaray ayandap bara jatyr desek, artyq aitqan bolmaymyz.

– Jalpy óleng ónerindegi naghyz ólendi siz «daryndy ólen» dep otyrsyz. Búl pikiriniz óte oryndy, alayda saryndy ólender tobyna jatatyn ólenderdi siz joqqa shygharyp otyrghan joqsyz ba? 

– Saryndy ólenning qazaq óleng tarihyndaghy orny bar ekendigi bәrimizge mәlim. Ol bizding kýndelikti túrmys-tirshiligimizben bite qaynasyp ketkendigi sonshalyq – onsyz bir qadam attap basu mún. Besik jyrynan tartyp, bata-tilek, maqtau-joqtaugha, tipti, qarghap-sileu men bәdik ólenge deyin taqpaqtap oidy bildiretin ólenderding bәri de osy saryndy ólenning enshisinde. «Salt-sanasyna sәikes pikirlerdi keltesinen keltirip, óleng týrde úiqastyryp aitu – taqpaq bolady. Taqpaq qysqara-qysqara manyzdanyp baryp maqalgha ainalyp ketetin jeri de bar» demekshi, qazaq halqy ejelden taqpaqtap sóileudi әdetke ainaldyryp, taqpaq qúrastyra bilgen adamdy erekshe qúrmettegen. Ony aqyn-jyrshy dep, tóbesine kótergen. V.V.Radlovtyn: «Qazaqtar sheshen keledi, olar maqaldap sóileydi, jәy sózining ózi óleng bolyp qúiylyp jatady» deytini de osydan. Jalpy taqpaqtau arqyly oidy beyneleu tәsili qazaq dýniyetanymy men oidy oigha jetkizu ýderisinde ejelden bar qúbylys. Alayda, ony ghylymy teoriyalyq túrghydan jýieleu jaghy kenjelep qalghandyghy sebepti, taqpaqtap sóileushini daryndy aqynnan aiyra almay, aljasyp, adasyp jýrgendigimiz ókinishti. «Eshten kesh jaqsy» demekshi qazaq dýniyetanymy men etikasynyng jәne salt-sanasynyng tarihyn saryndy ólender negizinde jýielep, qazaq poeziyasynyng tarihyn daryndy ólender jauharynyng poetikalyq súlu әlemimen bezendiru bizding alda atqaratyn auyr mindetimizding biri de, biregeyi ekendigi anyq. Sondyqtan oidy beyneleu tәsilderi negizinde «Saryndy ólender men daryndy ólenderding payda bolu joldarynyng kestesin» oqyrmandardyng nazaryna «Ólenning ózegi» atty kitapbymda úsynghan bolatynmyn. Óitkeni ólentanu ghylymyn tek óleng shumaqtarynyng buyn-bunaghyn týgendep, úiqastyq qúrylymy men onda beynelengen mәn-mazmúndary negizinde týrlerge bólip, jiliktep-jintikteuding kýni ótti. Árqanday bir ólenge keshendi týrde oidy beyneleu túrghysynan taldau jýrgizetin bolsaq, onda onyng oidy qarapayym nemese kórkem til suretkerligi arqyly beynelegenin bile alamyz da, saryndy óleng men daryndy ólenning ara jigin qinalmay, aiqyn ajyratamyz. Alayda búl arada erekshe bir eskeretin nәrse – bayanday, payymdau, týsindiru, suretteu, lirika, býkpeleu jәne yntyghu (súrau) syndy oidy beyneleu tәsilderining ishindegi oidy taqpaqtap jetkizu tәsilining eskerusiz, eleusiz qalyp otyrghandyghy. Eger biz osy týiinning qyry men syryna tereng ýnilip, óleng shygharmashylyghyndaghy saryndy ólender men daryndy ólenderdi osy negizde aiyra biludi tanyp jetetin bolsaq, onda ólentanu salasynda zor jetistikke jetetindigimiz anyq.

– Óleng óneri – óte kýrdeli óner. Ony óner retinde emes, qoldanbaly qúral retinde shougha ainaldyryp paydalanu óte ókinishti. Sondyqtan ólentanu salasynyng ystyghyna kýiip, suyghyna tonyp, onyng teoriyalyq negizderin bir jýiege týsiru ýshin talmay enbektenip jatqanynyzgha raqmet aita otyryp, kýni býginge deyin jaryq kórken jyr jinaqtarynyz ben oqu-oqytugha qatysty enbekterinizdi bilgimiz keledi?

– Men bala jasymnan әjemning ertegi-әngimesin tyndap, ólenin jattap óskendigimnen be bilmeymin, halyq auyz әdebiyetine erekshe әuestendim. Keyin eseye kele, jazba әdebiyetting jauharlarymen tanystyq. Sóitip orta mektepten bastap óleng jaza bastadym. Biraq olardy eshkimge kórsetpeytinmin. 1980 jyly Shynjang uniyversiytetining til-әdebiyet mamandyghyna oqugha týskennen keyin, ústazdarym men joghary jyldyqtaghy әdeby shygharmashylyqpen ainalysatyndardyng yqpalymen jәne kitaphana qoryndaghy kitaptardan bas almaudyng arqasynda óleng jazu mashyghy kýndelikti әdetime ainaldy. Sóitip jýrip, «Úrshyq» atty ólenim 1982 jyly Qúljada shyghatyn «Ile gazetinde» túnghysh ret jariyalanghan kýnnen bastap, ózimdi aqyn sezine bastadym. Ary qaray uniyversiytet qabyrghasynyng ózinde-aq jas aqyn retinde Shynjang qazaq oqyrmandaryna edәuir tanylyp ýlgirdim. Mine, sodan shabytymdy shaujaylay almay kele jatqan jayym bar. Kýni býginge deyin «Jalghyz tóbe», «Ayjaryq» «Qos qúlynshaq», «Ay anagha sәlem», «Kónilimning kólenkesi», «Atqa jenil, taygha shaq» «Qara sәule», qatarly jyr jinaqtarym jaryqqa shyqty. Áli de baspa betin kórmey jatqan ólenderim oqyrmandarmen bet kórisuge әzirlenip jatqandyghyn da aita ketkenim jón bolar.

Búdan tys oqymystylar ortasynda jýrip, oqyp, bilip, tyndap, qarapayym halyq oqytushysy bolyp dәris sóilep jýrgen son, ghylymy zertteu enbegimen ainalysypay túra alu mýmkin emes. Uniyversiytet bitiretin kezde «Ólendegi estetikalyq súlulyq» atty dessertatsiyalyq enbegimdi Shara Tanjaryqqyzynyng jetekshiliginde qorghaghan kýnnen bastap, óleng teoriyasy mәselesine den qoyyp, qytay jәne qazaq óleng ónerining ózekti týiinderine nazar audara bastadym. Sóitip Atajúrtqa qonys audarghannan keyin aldymda qansha kedergiler bolsa da, ony oisyrata jenip, osy taqyrypta filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty ataghyn sәtti qorghap shyqtym. Osy barystaghy izenisterim men enbektenuimning jemisi retinde «Qazaq ólenining dәstýr jalghastyghy», «Ólenning qúpiyasy», «Óleng ólshemderi», «Ólenning ózegi» qatarly monografiyalyq enbekterimdi jaryqqa shyghardym. Búdan basqa qytay tiline qatysty «Qytay tilining әlippesi» «Qytaydyng kilttik beyәripterin jazu dәpteri», «Qazirgi zaman qytay til bilimi: test ýlgileri», «Qazaq, qytay, aghylshyn, orys tilderinde jii qoldanylatyn 100 sóz jәne 666 sóilem» sekildi oqu-qúraldarym qytay tilin ýirenushilerding iygiligine jarap jýrgenine quanyshtymyn. Sonday-aq ghylymy zerteu salasymen ainalysyp jýrgen osy jyldar ishinde el ishindegi jәne sheteldegi ghylymiy-әdeby basylymdarda jariyalanghan jýzden astam ghylymiy-tanymdyq enbekting avtory bolghandyghyma da shýkirshilik etemin. Sóitip jýrip 60 jasqa qalay kelgenimizdi de sezbey qalyptyq. 60 jyldyq merey toygha baylanysty el-júrt aldynda esep berude auyz toltyryp aitugha túrarlyq eshtene bolmasa da, әiteuir tizbelep kórsetuge tiyisti óz atyma qatysty mәlimetterding bolghandyghy kónilge demeu, kórer kózge júbanysh ekeni belgili. Sondyqtan Jaratushym densaulyqqa dem berse, әli de rettelmey jatqan 6-7 tomdyq dýniyeni qaghyp-silkip, ilikke alaryn oqyrmandardyng nazaryna sapaly dengeyde úsynsam ba degen oiym bar. Búl arada ghylymy zertteu men shygharmashylyq qimyldyng oiy kóp, oiyny az aqyl-oy enbegi ekendigin aita ketu de artyq bolmas.

– Beke, әngimenizge kóp raqmet! Alda josparlaghan is-sharalarynyzdyng tabysty ótuine tilektespin!

Súhbatty jýrgizgen Álimjan Áshimúly

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