Elimiz sayasy ózgeristerding qarsanynda túr. Ángime 2019 jyldaghyday birinshi preziydent óz ornyna ekinshisin taghayyndaytynday ózgeris jayly emes. Ángime memleketting sayasy jýiesining tabighatyn týbegeyli ózgertu turasynda bolmaq. Ásirese, qazir Ukrainadaghy órkeniyetter arasyndaghy qaqtyghysty býkil әlem baqylap, nәtiyjesine alandap otyrghan uaqytta búl mәsele óte ózekti bolyp túr. Aldaghy sayasy tranzitting mәnin týsinu ýshin 1991 jyldan beri jýrip ótken jolymyzgha qysqasha sholu jasasaq.

Nazarbaev kezenining qorytyndylary

Sovet Odaghy ydyraghannan keyin Qazaqstanda memleketke tәn barlyq formalidy instituttar qúryldy. Ata-babalarymyzdyng jerin saqtap qaldyq, ekonomikamyz naryqtyq qatynastargha kóshti, elimizde últaralyq tatulyq saqtalyp, azamattyq soghysqa jol berilmedi. Múnyng ózi ýlken jetistik, sebebi KSRO-dan shyqqan respublikalardyng barlyghy osylaysha maqtana almaydy.

Alayda, preziydent biyligin esepke almaghanda, egemendi elding negizin qúraytyn basqa sayasy instituttardyng bәri de qúrghaq sóz bolyp shyqty. Parlament, ýkimet, sot, jergilikti ózin-ózi basqaru, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary, partiyalar – barlyghy preziydent pen onyng әkimshiligining qatang baqylauynda qalyp túr. Tek atqarushy biylikke sýienip túrghandyqtan memleketimizding negizi túraqsyz.

Sonday-aq ekonomikamyzdyng asa monopoliyalandyrghanyn, shiykizatqa qatty tәueldi ekenin aituymyz kerek. Ýkimet oryndary búrynghysha naryq qatynastaryna aralasyp ziyan keltiredi, erkin bәsekege jәne investisiyalargha jol berilmeydi. Sol sebepten órkendeuimiz toqtap, búqara halyqtyng jaghdayy jaqsarmady. Egemendigimiz bolsa nyghaymady, el irgesi myqty bop qalyptaspady. Ghylymy tilimen aitqanda, әlsiz memleketter (fragile states) qatarynan shyqpadyq.

Egemendik degenimiz ne? Qazaqstannyng naqty jaghdayy qanday?

Osy jaghdayda sayasatta da, ekonomikada da, qauipsizdik salasynda da Qazaqstan men Resey arasynda tyghyz baylanys ornaghan. Búdan tuyndaytyn mәsele qalyng eksport-importtan keler ziyan da emes, óitkeni әlemdegi kez kelgen kórshi memleketter alys-beris sauda boyynsha ózara tәueldi. Mәsele biz ekonomikalyq sayasatymyzdy ózimiz derbes jýrgize almay otyrghanymyzda jәne bizding «úly» kórshimiz agressiyalyq jәne imperiyalyq sayasatyn jýrgizip otyrghanynda. Bizding әskeri, aqparattyq, t.b. salalardaghy qauipsizdigimiz osal hәlde. BÚÚ-daghy Ukrainadaghy soghys boyynsha jәne basqa da dauys beruding ózi kórsetkendey, syrtqy sayasatta da óz últtyq mýddemizge say ústanymymyz joq.

Eng aiqyn mysal – 2022 jylghy Qantar tragediyasy. Qandy oqighany halyqaralyq mamandardy shaqyryp, tәuelsiz tergeu jýrgizuden preziydent Toqaev bas tartty, al biylikting ózi shygharghan qorytyndysy senim tughyzbaydy. Onyng ýstine Qantar qyrghynyna qatysty sot otyrystary qúpiya ótti. Degenmen, Qantar tragediyasy birinshi jәne ekinshi preziydent arasyndaghy tartystan tuyndaghany aidan anyq. Nәtiyjesinde, jerimizge sheteldik qaruly qol kirip, Putin qoldaghan adam elimizdegi biylik talasynyng jenimpazy atandy. Búrynghy zamandaghyday, biylik etý jarlyqty («yarlyk na knyajeniye») Kremli tapsyrdy.

Tandau jasaytyn uaqyt tudy

Biz Reseyge tәueldi ekenimiz janalyq emes. Bәlkim, eski jarany tyrnaudyng qajeti joq shyghar. Kóp jaghdayda amalymyz ben jýrer basqa jolymyz shamaly bolghandyqtan, ýndey almadyq. Alayda, jer sharyndaghy songhy oqighalar týbegeyli ózgerister dauyly jaqyndaghanyn bayqatady. Putinning rejiymi kýn sanap әlsirep barady, erteng nemese jyl óte qúlauy mýmkin. Resey Federasiyasynyng taghdyry qanday bolatynyn bilmeymiz. Búl eng aldymen olardyng ózderining sharuasy dep oilaymyn. Biraq búl ózgerister bizge tikeley әser etetini anyq. Ashyghyn aitqanda, mәsele mynada: Putinning dәuiri ayaqtalghan song ne bolmaq? Biz Reseyge tәueldi bop qala beremiz be, әlde endi shyghysymyzdaghy «úly» kórshimizding bodandyghyna kiremiz be? Álde naghyz egemendigimizdi ornatu ýshin myng jylda bir keletin tarihy sәtti paydalanamyz ba?

(Birinshi bólimning ayaghy)

Egemendi Qazaqstan qanday boluy kerek?

Maqalamnyng birinshi bóliminde Putin ketken song Qazaqstannyng naghyz egemendi el boluyna mýmkindik tuady dep aitqanmyn. Osy orayda últtyq egemendik degen úghymdy naqtylap alsaq. Mening qarapayym týsinigimde, egemendi memleket – ol óz jolyn ózi tandaytyn el. Qazaqstan qanday boluy kerek? Búl jayynda birtútas pikir joq jәne boluy da mýmkin emes. Bireuler bizge jalpy adamzat qúndylyqtary men adam qúqyghy saqtalatyn damyghan demokratiyalyq memleket qúru kerek deydi. Ekinshileri islam dinine arqa sýieytin músylman el boluymyz kerek dep oilasa, ýshinshileri Joshy han Úlysynan, tipti kóne zamannan qazaqtardyng erekshe óz joly bar dep esepteydi. Odan qalsa, Sovet Odaghyn ansaytyndar әli de kóp.

Biz әrtýrlimiz, dýniyetanymymyz da әrtýrli. Mening de qúndylyqtarym men pikirim bar jәne olar meni biletinderge mәlim dep oilaymyn. Biraq búl jerde men olardy basqalar qabyldauy tiyis dep otyrghan joqpyn. Mәsele tipti mening ne basqa bireulerding pikirinde emes. Mәsele halyqtyng erkin tandauyna jol ashuda. Búl proseske syrttaghy «úly» kórshiler men «kókeler» aralaspauy kerek. Jana, әdiletti Qazaqstannyng qanday bolatynyn qazir Aqorda kabiynetterinde otyrghandar da sheshpeui tiyis. Olardyng bar mindeti – halyqtyng óz erki men pikirin bildiruine jaghday jasau ghana.

Ne istemek kerek?

Búl súraqqa әrtýrli jauap boluy mýmkin. Meninshe, bizge eng aldymen jana Ata Zang kerek. Avtoritarizm jýiesine arnap jazylghan, qyryq jamau bolghan qazirgi Konstitusiyany qayta ózgertuding esh mәni joq. Elimizding Konstitusiyasyn jasaudyng eng zandy joly – kezekten tys Qúryltaydy nemese Konstitusiyalyq jinalysty shaqyru. Jana Ata Zannyng mәtinin jazu barysynda konsensusqa kelu qiyndasa, 1993 jylghy Konstitusiyany negiz etse de jaraydy. 30 jyl boyy jinaqtalghan tәjiriybe men sabaqtardy eskere otyryp, jana bilimdi mamandardyng kómegimen ony jetildiruge bolady.

Elimizding naq janashyry bolsaq, memleket egemendigin birinshi oryngha qongymyz kerek. Qoghamdaghy qalghan problemalardyng bәri (jemqorlyq, әleumettik tensizdik, ana tilmizding taghdyry jәne t.b.) Qazaqstan shynayy egemendi bolmasa, sheshilmegen týiin bolyp qalady.

Aqordanyng qazirgi «iyelerine» keler bolsaq, olargha bolashaq úrpaq aldynda ýlken jauapkershilik jýktelip túr. Eng birinshi kezekte jauapkershilik preziydent Q.Toqaevtyng moynynda. Shynayy egemendikke jetu jolymyz auyr synaqtar, tipti qantógis arqyly óte me, әlde izgi qúndylyqtar jolynda últ retinde eseygendigimizdi jәne auyzbirshiligimizdi tanyta alamyz ba – qazirgi biylik basyndaghylargha tikeley baylanysty.

Bәlkim, búl olardyng eng manyzdy tarihy missiyasy bolar. Putinnen keyin orys «kóke» bolmaydy, halyq endi shetelden jerimizge әsker kirgizip qoyyp, qarap otyrmaydy. Býgingi biylikti osy qalpynda saqtau ýshin sayasy tehnologiyalar men kózboyaushylyq ta kómektespeydi. Tarih kitaptarynda halyqtyng alghysyna emes, qarghysyna layyq bolyp qalghysy kelmese, ótken qatelikterdi qaytalamauy kerek.

Biylik basyndaghylar últtyq dialogke dayyn ekenin kórsetui kerek. Ol ýshin qaytadan Últtyq Kenes (NSOD) siyaqty mәnsiz oryndardy qúrudyng keregi joq. Qaytalap aitayyn, biylik bizding ornymyzgha eshtene sheshpeui kerek, ol tek ontayly jaghday jasaugha mindetti. Eng aldymen osynday mәselening bar ekenin moyyndau jәne ony sheshuge naqty úmtylysty kórsetui qajet.

Sonday-aq sayasy qudalaudy toqtatyp, tútqyndardy bosatyp, әdiletsiz sottalghandardy aqtap, jat jerge kóshuge mәjbýr bolghandardyng elge oraluyna jaghday jasau kerek. San jaghynan búl sheshim halyqtyng az bóligine baylanysty bolghanymen, onyng azattyqqa jәne azamattyq qoghamgha iygi әseri zor bolaryna senemin.

P.S. Osydan 22 jyl búryn «Tandau jasaytyn uaqyt» atty maqalam shyqqan. Onda elimizdegi demokratiya jәne әkimderdi saylau turaly mәseleler kóterilgen bolatyn. Artynan maqaladaghy keybir iydeyalar 2001 jyly qúrylghan «Qazaqstannyng demokratiyalyq tandauy» (DVK) qozghalysynyng Ýndeuinde oryn tapty. Sondaghy bizding sayasy reformalardy jýrgizý jónindegi shaqyruymyzgha preziydent N. Nazarbaev qúlaq aspady, kerisinshe, qughyn-sýrgin sayasatyna kiristi. Kezinde sol iydeyalar nelikten jýzege aspady degenge naqty jauap joq. Mýmkin bizge úiymshyldyq pen auyzbirlik jetispedi, nemese elita biyligi men aqshasynan aiyrylghysy kelmedi. Mýmkin qoghamnyng sayasatqa nemqúraylyqpen qaraghany ne basqa da sebepter bolghan shyghar. Endi aldymyzda taghy da tandau túr. Biz búl tarihy mýmkindikti bolashaq úrpaghymyz ýshin paydalanuymyz kerek.

Ghalymjan Jaqiyanov

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