Qasymyzdaghy azattyghynan aiyrylghan elder: Tiybet - 39 jylgha sozylghan Tәuelsizdik...

1757-58 jyldary qazirgi Jarkent, Qashghar qalalaryn Sin imperiyasy basyp aldy. Sonday-aq 1760 jyly búl orasan zor aimaqqa «Sini-Szyan» (Jana ólke) degen atau berip, óz aumaghy retinde iyelene bastady.

Biraq osyghan qaramastan, Tәuelsizdik jolynda ýzdiksiz últ-azattyq kýres jýrgizgen úighyr halqy XVIII-XX ghasyrlarda Qytaygha qarsy 400-den asa kóterilis jasaghan eken. Ásirese, XIX ghasyrdyng óne boyynda úighyr qojalary basqarghan kóterilister kólemi men sayasy maqsaty jaghynan joyqyn boldy. Biraq 1851 jylghy Resey men Qytay arasyndaghy Qúlja kelisiminen keyin ózara qarym-qatynasyn jaqsartqan eki imperiya onsyz da basy qosylmay jatqan úighyr handyqtary men súltandyqtaryn eki jaqtan talay bastady. Al 1871 jyly Resey imperiyasynyng әskerleri Ile súltandyghyn basyp alghanymen, 1879 jylghy Livady kelisimi boyynsha, ol aimaqty Qytaygha qaytaryp berdi. 1884 jyly Sin imperiyasy Úighyriyagha qaytadan «Siniszyan» degen atau berdi.

Resey patshasynyng 1916 jylghy atyshuly jarlyghy nәtiyjesinde, Qazaqstan men Orta Aziyadaghy últ-azattyq kóterilisterden keyin orystyng jazalaushy әskerlerinen qashqan qazaqtar men basqa da týrki halyqtary Shynjangha ótip, ol jerdegi emigranttardyng ýlken shoghyryn qúrady. Mine, osy kezennen bastap RK(b)P OK Sayasy Burosy Shynjang mәselesin erekshe nazarda ústady. Shynjandaghy Qytay biyligi de kenestik Reseymen jaqsy qarym-qatynas jasaugha mýddeli boldy. Sebebi, Shynjang ekonomikasynda basty ról atqaratyn syrtqy sauda-sattyqta Resey basymdyqqa ie bolatyn.

1920 jyly Shynjang ókimeti Pekinning kelisimi boyynsha Qúljagha Kenestik  sauda-diplomatiyalyq missiyasyn kelissózderge shaqyrdy. Nәtiyjesinde 1920 jyly 27mamyrda Qúlja qalasynda Shynjang men kenestik Resey arasyndaghy saudany rettep otyratyn kenestik agenttikti ashu jónindegi Ile kelisimi jasaldy. Kelisim boyynsha eki jaqty sauda, Qorghas arqyly ótetin jalghyz jolmen jasalatyn boldy. Mine, osy kezden bastap ShÚAR biyligi kenestik Reseyding aitqanyn istep, Shynjangha shoghyrlanghan aq gvardiyashylardyng negizgi oshaghyn jonggha kómektesti. Olardyng A.Dutov, B.Annenkov, N.Denisov siyaqty basshylarynyng kózi joyyldy. Eki el arasynda asa ýlken manyzgha ie bolghan keruen saudasy ornady. Kenes memleketinen Shynjangha qant, sirinke, múnay ónimi, mata, jip, temir men shoyyn búiymdar, ydys-ayaq jәne t.b. shygharylsa,ol jaqtan bylghary, teri, jýn, jibek, maqta, shay, temeki, jylqy, siyr, kepken jemis-jiydek tasymaldandy. 1926 jyly eki jaqty sauda 1913 jylghy dengeyge jetse,1929 jyly ol dengeyden 63,2 payyzgha asyp ketti.

Kenes Odaghy basshylyghynyng XX ghasyrdyng 30-jyldarynda Shynjangha qatysty qabyldaghan sheshimderine qarap, Shynjannyng tolyq KSRO dotasiyasyna kóshkenin kóruge bolady. Ásirese, 1933 jyly aq  gvardiyashylardyng kómegimen Shynjang biyligine kelgen Shen Shisaydyn  kezinde, Kenes–ShÚAR qarym-qatynasy erekshe qarqyndy damydy. 1933 jyldyng tamyzynda ótken BK(b)P OK Sayasy Burosynyng mәjilisinde Shynjang ekonomikasyn damytu jóninde qauly qabyldandy. Sayasy Buro Shynjangha 4 payyz jyldyq ósimmen 5 million rubli qaryz  berip, ony altyn, qalayy, teri, jýn jәne t.b. tauarlar arqyly qaytarudy mindettedi.

Shynjang biyligining jetekshisi Shen Shisaydyng Stalinge jazghan hattarynda onyng sheksiz jaghympazdyghyn bayqaysyz. Onyng hattary «Mening eng senimdi jolbasshylarym – Staliyn, Molotov, Voroshilov…», - dep bastalyp,«Marksizm-Leninizmge jәne Stalinge berilgen jәne sizding núsqaularynyzdy jýzege  asyrushy Shen Shisay» dep ayaqtalady. Ekinshi jaghynan, Sayasy Buro Shynjandaghy antiy-kenestik elementterdi jon kezinde osy Shen Shisaydyng kómegine jýgindi. Jergilikti músylman halyqtarynyng últ-azattyq qozghalysyn basuda asqan qatygezdigimen kózge týsken Shen Shisay KSRO basshylyghynyng qoltyghyna kire otyryp, ózining Shynjandaghy sayasy biyligin nyghaytty.

KSRO 30-jyldardyng sonynda Shynjang ekonomikasyn tolyq monopoliyalap,  jergilikti valutanyng kursyna әser ete bastady. 1933 jyldyng jazynda Sәbit Damolla jәne Múhammed Emin Búghra basshylyghymen qúrylghan Shyghys Týrkistan Islam Respublikasy aq gvardiyalyq әskerlerding kiyimin kiygen OGPU-dyng 13-shi Almaty polky men 10-shy Tashkent polky әskery qyzmetkerlerining kýshimen talqandaldy. Osynday jaghdayda jergilikti qytaylyq biylik ókilderining ózi Shynjannyng  KSRO-gha qosyluy turaly  mәseleni birneshe ret kóteredi. 30-jyldardyng óne boyynda Stalinning qoltyghyna kirip, kenestik sayasattyng qoljaulyghyna ainalghan Shynjang dubany Shen Shisay 1942-43  jyldary ashyq anty kenestik baghyt ústap, Chan Kayshy biyligin qolday bastaydy. Shen Shisaydyng osynday sayasatynan keyin Kenes Odaghy búghan arnayy sheshim qabyldaugha mәjbýr  bolady. L.Beriya, S.Kruglov, V.Abakumovtyng Stalinge joldaghan bayanhatynda osy sheshimdi oryndau ýshin Shynjang ólkesine arnayy adamdar jiberilip, qytaylargha qarsy kóterilis úiymdastyru júmysynyng qarqyndy jýrip jatqany aitylady. Mine, osy úiymdastyru  júmysynyng nәtiyjesinde Altay, Tarbaghatay jәne Ile aimaqtarynyng qazaqtary jәne ózge de últ  ókilderi  kóterilis jasap (Ospan batyr kóterilisi), Shynjandaghy qytay jasaqtaryn talqandaydy. Sóitip, 1944 jyldyng 7 qarashasynda Qúlja qalasynda Shyghys Týrkistan Respublikasy qúrylady.

Biraq, Qytaydyng Kommunistik partiyasynyng jetekshisi Mao Szedun bastaghan armiya Chan Kayshy ýkimetin talqandap, býkil qytaylyq biylikti óz qolyna  alady. Osy orayda, 1945 jyly Mao Szedun men Stalin kelisimshartqa otyryp, dostyq qarym-qatynas ornatady. Búdan әri orystargha Shyghys Týrkistan Respublikasy kereksiz bolyp qalady. Sóitip, kenestik Stalin basqarghan Sayasy Buro Shynjang músylmandarynyng taghdyrymen oinap, ózderi qúrghan memleketti óz qoldarymen túnshyqtyrdy. Mine, Kenester Odaghy Sayasy Burosynyng Shynjangha qatysty osynday sheshimderi óreskel qatelik boldy.

Osy orayda, qazaq halqynyng ýsh ghasyrdan keyin, tar jol, tayghaq keship, әren  jetken tәuelsizdigin joghaltyp almay, ony qalayda saqtap qalugha, qadirlep-qasterleuge әr qazaq mýmkindiginshe atsalysuy qajet-aq. Átten, bizde últtyq  idiologiya joqtyn-qasy. Sondyqtan shyghar, soltýstigimiz ben Pavlodar jaghy migranttar ólkesine ainalyp ketkendigi bәrimizge mәlim. Búl jaqta,  memlekettik qazaq tili men últ dәstýri joghaludyng sәl ghana aldynda  túrghandyghy, osy ólke túrghyndarynda músylmandyq tanymynyng mýlde  kelmui, anyq bayqalyp túrady. Qazirgi kýnderi annan-mynnan qashqan  migranttar ýzdiksiz kelude. Bizde toqsan kýnnnen keyin migranttardy shygharyp tastaytyn zang qabyldanghanymen, ony qaytadan aldyryp tastaghan  kórinedi. Búl qazaq halyqyna jasalghan qastandyq qoy. Múny, biylik  oilastyruy kerek.

Qazaqstandy qazirgi kýnderi Qazaq memleketi qylyp túrghan, qazaqtary basym, ontýstik oblystar men batys oblystary. Sonday-aq,  Úlytau, Qaraghandy,  Torghay ólkesi jәne kýndey jarqyraghan Abay oblysy ghana. Aldaghy uaqytta,  tútas memleketti naghyz qazaq eline ainaldyru biyligimizding әrdayym kýn  tәrtibinde túruy tiyis.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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