Býgingi tanda jahandyq nómiri birinshi mәselege ainalyp kele jatqan su jayynda biz Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligining «Parasat» ghylymiy-tehnologiyalyq holdingine qarasty Geografiya instituty diyrektorynyng orynbasary Sayat Qúrbanbayúly Álimqúlovpen keninen súhbattasqan edik.

- Qazirgi kezde әlemning kóptegen elderi auyz sudyng tapshylyghyn tartyp otyr. Memleket basshysy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev 2012 jylghy 14 jeltoqsandaghy halyqqa joldauynda osy mәselege kónil bólip, songhy 60 jylda ghalamsharda auyz sudy tútynu 8 esege óskenine mysal keltirdi. Osy jýzjyldyqtyng ortasyna qaray kóptegen elder sudy importtaugha mәjbýr bolady degen boljam bar. Al Qazaqstanda túshy sudyng tapshylyghy bola ma? Múnday tapshylyqty elimizding qay ónirleri kóbirek tartuy mýmkin?

Mýldem su bolmay qalady degen qauip joq

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Conghy jyldary ghalamsharymyzdyng týrli aimaqtarynda su tapshylyghy oryn aluy mýmkindigi turaly jiyi-jii aityluda. Tipti su resurstary qazirgi uaqytta geosayasattyng qúralyna da ainalyp bara jatyr. Óitkeni su – barlyq resurstardyng ishindegi eng manyzdysy, adamzat tirshiligining kepili. Álemde su tapshylyghyna, ishetin sugha jarymay otyrghan elder, halyq sanyna baylanysty BÚÚ-nan bastap kóptegen halyqaralyq úiymdardyng  baghalaulary jetip artylady. Geografiyalyq ornalasuy, tabighiy-sharuashylyq erekshelikterine baylanysty bizding elimiz ýshin de su mәselesi ýnemi qadaghalauda ústaudy qajet etedi. Mәselege Elbasynyng qanyq ekeni belgili, ol siz aityp otyrghan joldauda anyq aitylghan. Ol joldaudan aldyn da Elbasynyng tikeley tapsyrmasymen Geografiya institutynda su salasyn jan-jaqty qarastyrugha baghyttalghan iri ghylymiy-tehnikalyq baghdarlama oryndaldy, basty nәtiyjelerin Elbasy Qauipsizdik Kenesinde tyndady.

Su resurstary degende, әriyne, biz eng birinshi túshy sular jayly, onyng ishinde jylda janaryp, qalyptasyp otyratyn ózender, aghynsular  – janghyrmaly sulardy aitamyz. Geografiya institutynyng baghalaularyna sәikes Qazaqstannyng su resurstary ortasha suly jyldary 115,1 km³-di qúraydy. Búl sudyng 54,9 km³-i ghana elimizding aumaghynda qalyptassa, qalghan 60,2 km³-i shetelderding aumaghynan aghyp keledi.

Áriyne, onyng bәri tolyq aghyp kelip jatqan joq. Mәselen, sol 60,2 km³ ornyna bizge 44,3 km³ su ghana aghyp kelude, yaghni, 15-16 km³-i kórshi shet memleketter aumaghynda tútynyluda. Búl jaghday, shetel asyp keletin ózender suynyng jayy elimizding su resurstary qauipsizdigining basty faktorlarynyng biri. Jergilikti su resurstary da 6-6,5 km³-ge azayghan, tabighy jaghdayda qalyptasatyn 54,9 km³ sudyng tútynudan artylatyn – 47,0 km³.

Ónirlerge keletin bolsaq, elimizdegi 8 susharuashylyq alaptarynyng (SShA) 7-i – transshekaralyq bolyp tabylady, bireui - Núra-Sarysu alaby ghana týgeldey ózimizding aumaqta ornalasqan. Qazaqstannyng jergilikti su resurstarynyn, yaghni, óz aumaghynda qalyptasatyn sudyn, basym bóligi Ertis (25 km³ nemes 46 payyz) jәne Balqash-Alakól (17,2 km³ nemese 31 payyz) susharuashylyq alaptaryna tiyesili. Salystyratyn bolsaq, búl kórsetkish Aral-Syrdariya SShA – 6 payyzdy, Jayyq-Kaspiy SShA – 5,8 payyzdy, Esil SShA – 4,1 payyzdy, Tobyl-Torghay SShA – 2,5 payyzdy, Shu-Talas SShA – 2-2,5, payyzdy, Núra-Sarysu SShA – 2 payyzdy qúraydy. Aral-Syrdariya alabynda 3-3,5 km³ su ghana ózimizding aumaqta qalyptasady. Qalghan sudyng bәri Syrdariyamen aghys boyymen joghary ornalasqan elder aumaghynanan keledi. Búl sudy elimizding halqy eng tyghyz ornalasqan Ontýstik Qazaqstan jәne Qyzylorda oblystary paydalanady. Qay aimaqta su tapshylyghy baryn osydan-aq kóruge bolady. Ertis jәne Balqash-Alakól alaptarynda transhekaralyq sulardyng azangy mýmkindigin eskeretin bolsaq, elimizde su tapshylyghy qaupi joq ónir joq deuge bolady. Su tapshylyghy degende biz әriyne tek auyz sudy ghana emes, jalpy elimizding ekonomika salalarynyn, tabighi-ekologiyalyq jýielerining sugha súranystaryn aityp otyrmyz.

- 2011 jyly Tabighy monopoliyalardy retteu agenttigining sol kezdegi basshysy Núrlan Aldabergenov: «Jer ýstindegi jәne jer astyndaghy sulardyng qory bizge bar-joghy 8 jylgha ghana jetedi» degen boljam aitty. Búl boljam qanshalyqty shyndyqqa jaqyn? Elimizdegi jer asty sularynyng qory qanshalyqty dengeyde zerttelip, rastalghan? Olardyng halyqty sumen qamtamasyz etude qanshalyqty bolashaghy bar? 

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Jalpy alghanda, jer ýstindegi sulargha qatysty eki ýlken qauip bar. Birinshisi – klimattyq ózgerister, ekinshisi – shetelderden aghyp keletin su kólemining azangy. Negizgi faktor – osy ekeui. Qazirgi kezde «Klimattyng ózgeruimen su resurstary qalay bolady?» degen súraqqa naqty jauap joq. Tek klimattyq ózgeristerge baylanysty keybir jerlerde su kóbeyip jatyr, al endi bir jerlerde azayyp jatyr degen boljamdar ghana bar. Biraq, bir anyghy songhy kezderdegi klimattyq ózgeristerge sәikes temperatura kóterilip, jauyn-shashyn aitarlyqtay ózgermegen jaghdayda, bulanudyng ósuine baylanysty su kólemi azayy tiyis.  Qazirgi kezde tauly aimaqtarda atalghan azai kópjyldyq su qorlary (negizinen múzdyqtar) esebinen  qarymtalanyp otyr. Olardyng әleueti sheksiz emes ekeni taghy belgili.

Biraq, soghan qaramay jer beti qorlary 8 jylgha ghana jetedi degenge, onyng qanday kórsetkishter negizinde aitylghanyn bilmey eshtene aitu mýmkin emes. Ol tújyrym siz aitqan kýiinde berilse – ol qúrghaq sóz. Ózen sulary jylda janghyryp qalyptasyp otyrady, ol birneshe jyldar boyy jinalatyn qor emes, jylda qalyptasqan su tabighy ainalym tizbeginde shyghyndalyp otyr. Jogharyda aityp ótkendey, su tapshylyghy qaupining negizgi eki faktoryn eskere otyryp, elimizdi sumen qamtamasyz etuding tiyimdi joldaryn iske asyrmasaq, tabighi-ekologiyalyq nemese sharuashylyq jýielerding su tútynysyn shekteuimizge tura keledi dese bolady.

Elimizdi sumen qamtamasyz etuding týrli ssenariylik boljamdary Geografiya institutynyng jana atalghan enbekterinde tereng qarastyrylyp zerttelgen. Sәikesinshe, 2020 jyldargha qaray, qazirgi kezdegi qalyptasqan ýrdiste su paydaludy jalghastyrmay, tehnikalyq túrghydan iske asyrugha mýmkindigimiz bar su ýnemdeuding tehnologiyalaryn engizu arqyly, al 2030 jyldargha qaray ýnemdeumen qatar su resurstaryn elimizding ónirleri boyynsha qayta ýlestirip, susharuashylyq alaptary arasynda su baylanystaryn damytyp, Respublikamyzdy sumen qamtamasyz etuding Ortaq jýiesin iske asyru qajet ekeni kórsetilgen.

Jer asty sulary boyynsha gidrogeolog mamandardyng baghalaularyna  sýiengen dúrys. 2013 jyldyng 1 qantaryna deyingi mәlimet boyynsha, elimizdegi 1967 jer uchaskesindegi 1552 jer asty su kózderi barlanghan. Soghan sәikes, belgilengen jer asty sularynyng qory 15,4 km³-di qúraydy. Áriyne, búl jer beti sularymen baylanysty bóligi. Múny biz tolyq paydalanatyn bolsaq, ózen suy azayyp ketedi.  Yaghni, búdan ol resurstardyng bir-birimen tyghyz baylanysty ekenin kóremiz.

Kemshilikti týzetpesek, barmaghymyzdy tisteymiz

- Qazaqstandaghy shaghyn ózender men kólderding ahualyna belgili bir monitoring jasala ma? Olardyng elimizding ekonomikasyndaghy әleueti qanday?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Qazaqstanda audany 1 gektardan joghary 48 myngha juyq, 1 sharshy km-den asatyn 3 myngha jaqyn kólder bar. 85 myngha tarta aghyn sular bar. Olargha monitoring jýrgizetin Qorshaghan orta jәne su resurstary ministrligine qarasty «Qazgidromet» RMK úiymy. Baqylau beketteri ótken ghasyrdyng 90-shy jyldarynan keyin sayasi-ekonomikalyq jaghdaylargha baylanysty qatty azaydy. Baqylau beketteri tek iri-iri kólderde ghana saqtalyp qaldy. Mysaly, Balqashta sonday 4 beket bar, 1-2 beketten Aralda, Alakólde, Jaysanda, Shortandyda, Qorghaljynda bar. Sonday-aq, Qapshaghay, Shardara siyaqty iri bógenderde bar. Barlyghynyng sany 25-ten aspaydy. Bir jaghynan, barlyq kólderge baqylau jýrgizu qajet emes. Bәlkim, qanday da bir zertteuler arqyly әrbir geografiyalyq beldeulerde nemese tabighy sharuashylyq ereksheligi birtekti audandardaghy bir-bir kólge baqylau jýrgizgen dúrys shyghar.

Ózenderge keler bolsaq, kezinde bir ghana Balqash-Alakól alabynda 800-ge juyq gidrologiyalyq beketter bolghan. Qazir olardyng sany Qazaqstan boyynsha 400-ge jetpeydi. Sonymen qatar, suarmaly eginshilik damyghan audandarda ózenning ózine ghana emes, odan alynatyn kanaldargha da baqylau kerek. Barlyq susharuashylyq sharalar su resurstarynyng baghasyna tәueldi, qansha su bar ekenin bilmey, basqa eshbir júmystardy әri qaray jobalap-josparlau mýmkin emes.

- Aziyalyq ólshemmen alyp qarasaq, Qazaqstandaghy túshy sugha qatysty ahual alandatarlyq-aq. Óitkeni, biz búl mәselege kelgende shyghysta – Qytaygha, ontýstikte – Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikstan jәne Ózbekstangha, batysta – Reseyge tәueldimiz. Sebep – elimizding aumaghyna aghyp keletin iri ózenderding bәrining basy atalghan elderden bastalady. Transshekaralyq ózender mәselesinde qanday kýrmeui qiyn týitkilder bar? Mysaly, Qytay men Qazaqstan arasyndaghy kelissózder prosesi qalay jýrip jatyr? Mәseleni sheshuding qanday joldary bar? Transshekaralyq ózenderdi paydalanu jәne qorghau jónindegi qazaqstan-qytay birlesken komissiyasynyng júmysyna qanday bagha beresiz?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Bizding transshekaralyq alaptardyng bәrinde birlesken komissiyalar bar. Keybiri ekijaqtama, keybiri birneshe memleketaralyq. Mysaly, Aral alabynda Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikstan, Ózbekstan, Týrkimenstan, Qazaqstan arasynda.

2010 jyldan beri Qazaqstan men Qytay arasyndaghy sarapshylar tobynda júmys istep kelemin. Osy jerde jýrgende birneshe kýrmeui qiyn mәselelerding baryn kózimmen kórdim. Búl baghyttaghy júmystardyng týpki maqsaty – eki memleket ortaq sudy qalay paydalanatynyn, qansha sudy tabighatqa ekologiyalyq túrghydan qaldyru siyaqty mәselelerdi sheshu. Ol ýshin su resurstary, ekologiyalyq qajettilikter tereng baghalanuy kerek. Áleumettik jaghdaylar da bar. Osy aumaqtarda qalyptasqan sugha degen súranysty eskere otyryp, qanday da bir naqty sheshimge kelu kerek. Múnyng bәri ghylymy zertteulerdi qajet etedi. Aytayyn degenim, osy baghyttaghy júmystardy úiymdastyru bizde birshama kýrdelileu jýredi.

Birinshi týitkil – qarjylandyru jýiesi. Qanday da bir zertteu jýrgizetin júmys tobyn nemese bir tehnikalyq mәseleni sheshetin júmystardy qarjylandyru óte úzaqqa sozylady. Sebebi, konkurs ótkizu kerek. Sol konkursqa qatysugha eshqanday úiymdar qyzyghushylyq tanytpasa she? Mine, osy jerde kóp uaqyt joghaltamyz. Al Qytay jaghy búdan esh útylmaydy. Kerisinshe, olargha uaqyttyng sozylghany tiyimdi. Nege? Mysalgha, Qytaydan bizge 20 km³-ge juyq su keledi. Bizden olargha baratyny – 3-4 km³-ding ainalasynda. Yaghni, búl jerde bizding qyzyghushylyghymyz joghary boluy tiyis.

Ekinshi týitkil – Su resurstary komiytetinde kadrlar jetkiliksiz. Ghalymdar ghylymy túrghydan qanshalyq bilimdi bolsa da sayasy súranystardy eskermeui mýmkin. Qúzyrly komiytet memlekettik organ retinde osynyng bәrin qadaghalaydy. Alayda, mening bayqaghanym – sarapshylar tobynyng kezdesuine osy mәselelerdi biletin 2-3-aq adam barady. Qalghandary isti tereng bilmegendikten aralasuy qiyn. Al Qytay elining Su sharuashylyghy ministrligine tikeley qaraytyn arnayy jobalau instituty bar, yaghni, qanday túrghydan bolsa da qúziretti organnyng júmys kýshi jetkilikti.

Taghy bir ýlken mәselening biri – bizdegi birlesken komissiyanyng jәne sarapshylar tobynyng jetekshileri kóp almasady. Kóbinese olar búl salanyng mamany bolmaghandyqtan birden taqyrypty tereng iygere almaydy. Endi iygeremin degenshe auysyp ketedi. Qytay jaghynan bayqalatyny, sarapshylar tobynyng basynda da, birlesken komissiyada da su sharuashylyghyn tereng biletin adamdar.

Endi Qytay men Qazaqstan arasyndaghy su bólisu turaly kelisim jóninde birer sóz. Jalpy boljam boyynsha komissiya búl isti 2015 jylgha deyin ayaqtaugha әreket etude. Biraq, ol jerde mәsele degen shash-etekten. Su bólisu degen bir ghana qúbyrdan aghyp jatqan sudy bólisu emes. Irili-úsaqty transshekaralyq 24 ózen belgilengen. Kóbisi úsaq ózender. Irileri mynalar: Ertis, Ile, Emel, Ilening bir salasy – Tekes, Qorghas. Búlardyng ishinde Qorghas sekildi mәselesi sheshilip jatqandary da bar. Biraq ol әli tolyq kelisilgen joq. Sodan keyin, 24 ózenning ishinde shekara boyymen aghatyndary, shekarany kesip ótetinderi bar. Mysaly, Tekes bizden Qytaygha aghyp ótkenimen qaytyp kelip, Ilege qúyady. Búl de zertteudi qajet etedi. Eki memleketting qajettiliginen bólek, ekologiyalyq qajettilik degen bar. Qytaylargha bizge qaray aghatyn sudy týgel paydalanbay, bizge jiberu kerektigin qalay dәiekteymiz? Onyng ýstine olardyng halqynyng sany da, ekonomikasy tez ósip keledi. Desek te, olar tómenge ózen arnasymen ekologiyalyq qajettilik ýshin su jiberui kerek. Mine, biz osy baghytta júmys istep jatyrmyz. Atap aitarlyghy, qazir tipti ózenderding qaysysynda qansha su qalyptasatyny jóninde naqty mәlimet joq. Sonda sudyng qansha ekenin bilmey túryp, su bólisu turaly ne aitamyz? Osy mәseleni birneshe ret kóterdik. Qazaqstan aumaghy boyynsha bizding baghalaularymyz bar. Biraq, qytaylar ony qabyldamaydy nemese biz olardikin qabyldamaymyz. Óitkeni, ol baghalaudyng qanday әdistemelik túrghydan jasalghanyn bilmeymiz. Sondyqtan, qazir eki jaqty komissiyada ózen sularyn baghalau turaly ýlken júmys jýrgizilui tiyis.

Ilening suy azaysa, Balqash tartyla ma?

- Byltyr EKOSOS jobasynyng jetekshisi Baqytjan Bazarbekov: «10-20 jyldan keyin Ortalyq Qazaqstannyng halqy taza auyz sugha zaryghyp qalady» degen boljam aitty. Búghan ne aitasyz? Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy Núra, Sarysu siyaqty ýlken ózenderding bolashaqta tartylyp qalu qaupi bar ma?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Búl kisining boljamy N. Aldabergenovke qaraghanda sәl aqiqatqa jaqyndau. Alayda, 10 jylda tartylyp qalady dep tura kesip-pishuge bolmaydy. Songhy jyldardaghy klimattyq ýrdisterge qarasaq, temperatura jylyghan sayyn, jazyq audandarda su azayyp barady. Sonyng ishinde Núra-Sarysu alabynda bar-jorghy 1,14 km³ su qalyptasady eken. Sonymen qatar, múnda sudy kóp qajet etetin ónerkәsiptik aimaq ornalasqan. Kezinde Ertis-Qaraghandy kanaly beker salynghan joq. Alayda, aldaghy jyldarda Núra men Sarysu týgeldey tartylyp qalady dep aita almaymyn. Aytalyq, tabighatta mol suly nemese az suly kezender bar. Onday kezeng bir-eki jyl emes, keyde úzaq merzimge sozyluy mýmkin.  Biraq, tabighy túrghydan alghanda, eki ózenning tartylyp ketu qaupi bolmasa da, aqyryndap suy azayyp keledi. Eger biz búl mәselening aldyn almasaq, jaghday osy ýrdispen kete beretin bolsa, aldaghy 20 jylda Ortalyq Qazaqstannyng halqy taza auyz sugha zaryghyp qaluy әbden mýmkin.

- Shyghys Qazaqstannyng eki iri ózeni – Ertis pen Ile basyn Qytaydan alady. Qazirgi kezde 4 mln-gha juyq qazaqstandyqtardy sumen qamtamasyz etetin  Ertisting suyn qytaylar Shynjandaghy jana ónerkәsip ortalyghy – Qaramaygha búryp jatyr. Ertisting suy azaysa, Astanagha su keletin Ertis-Qaraghandy kanalynyng da suy azayady emes pe? Búl jerde Astanagha auyz sudan qauip bar ma? Ekinshiden, Aspan asty eli Ilege ondaghan su qoymalaryn salyp, 60-qa juyq gidroenergetikalyq qondyrghylar ornatty. Yaghni, Ilening suy da jyldan jylgha azangda. Otandyq ekologtar búl jaghday Balqash kólining eki su aidynyna bólinip, onyng birining tartyluyna aparyp soghady deydi. Ol Aral tenizining taghdyryn qaytalauy mýmkin be? Balqash tartylsa Almatygha qauip tónedi degenge ne deysiz?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Ertis alabynda óz aumaghymyzda 25 km³, qytay jerinde 7,5-8 km³ qalyptasatynyn jogharyda aittym. Osydan-aq bizde auyz su qajettilikterine degen esh qauipting joghyn bayqaugha bolady. Qauip tek gidroenergetikada. Mysaly, bizde qalyptasqan sudyng bәri Búqtyrmadan jogharyda emes, tómenirekte qúyady. Yaghni, birinshiden, Búqtyrmada gidroenergetikalyq quattarymyzdy joghaltamyz. Ekinshiden, Qytaydan keletin su azaya beretin bolsa, Zaysannyng ekologiyalyq ahualyna jaghymsyz yqpaly bolady. Ýshinshiden, Ertisting suy azayghan son, tómengi aghystarynyng jazyq bóligindegi jayylymdardyng ekologiyalyq jaghdayy nasharlaydy. Tórtinshiden, sudy paydalanu ony lastaumen qatar jýredi. Óitkeni, qytaylyqtar suarmaly eginshilikte óte kóp himiyalyq zattar paydalanady. Áriyne, búl «Astanagha ziyany joq eken», «ekonomikagha ziyany joq eken» dep ol sudan bas tartu degen sóz emes. Ziyany bolady. Biraq ol tereng zertteudi qajet etedi. Al Astanagha auyz sudan qauip tónedi dey almaymyn. Sebebi, mәselening mәnisi ózimizde qalyptasatyn mol sudy Astanagha jetkizude, ony qalay paydalanuda jatyr. Qytaylardyng bizge bergen arnayy derekteri boyynsha, olar Qaramaygha jylyna 360 mln. m³ su alyp jatyr. Biraq, kanaldyng odan eki ese kóp su alugha mýmkindigi bar.

Jalpy alghanda, resmy derekterge sәikes, songhy jyldary Ile men Ertis ózenderi alaptarynan qytaylyqtar 10 km³ (әr alaptan 5km³-ge juyq) su alynuda. Ol sudyng qanshasy qayta jiberilip jatqany belgisiz. Endi Ile men Balqashqa keleyik. Balqash kóline keletin sudyng 80 payyzy Ile ózenine tiyesili. Áriyne, Ilening suy azaysa, ol aldymen Balqashqa әser etetini sózsiz. Mysalgha, kezinde Qapshaghay su qoymasynyng ziyandy әserin baghalay otyryp, Balqashtyng suyn 341 metrden tómendetuge bolmaytynyn dәledegen bizding ghalymdar Qapshaghaydyng jobalyq kólemin 28 km³-den 14 km³-ge deyin azaytqan edi. Sebebi, ol jerden alatyn energiyanyng paydasynan ekologiyalyq ziyany birneshe ese joghary ekeni belgili.

Al 1995 jyldan bastap Qytayda su sharuashylyghy qarqyndy damuda. Olardyng da Tekes ózeninde Qapshaghay degen ýlken bógeni bar. Qash ózenine de 3-4 bógen saldy. Kóbining maqsaty – suarmaly eginshilik, energetika. Qytaydyng 1995 jyldan bastap kýrt óskeni sol, búryn 1 km³ ghana su alyp kelse, qazir 5 km³-ge jetkizdi. Búdan әriyne Ilening suy azayyp barady. Qatty alandatarlyghy, onyng tómengi atyrabynda da su azangda.

Ile ózeni atyrauynyng birshama bóligi Irannyng Ramsar qalasynda ótken halyqaralyq jiynda bekitilgen jer sharyndaghy jyl qústarynyng úshatyn jolynda ornalasqan suly-batpaqty jerlerdi qorghau jayly «Ramsar tizimine» engizilgen. Sugha baylanysty halyqaralyq qújattardyng kóbine qytay eli qol qoymaghandyqtan, naqty jaghdayda olardy paydalanu kýrdeli.

Qazir, әriyne songhy 1986-1987 jyldardan bastalghan suy mol onjyldyqtarda Balqash kólining dengeyi túraqty 342 metrding ainalasynda. Biraq, ol sular taudaghy erigen múzdar, Ilening atyrauyndaghy kólderding kópjyldyq su qorlary. Yaghni, klimatqa baylanysty alaptaghy kópjyldyq su qorlarynyng ózenderge odan әri Balqashqa almasuy arqyly biz Qytayda 1995 jyldardan bastalghan qarqyndy su iygeru sharalarynyng әserin tikeley kórmey otyrmyz.

Janbyr suyn paydalanu – bizge tiyimsiz

- Mәjilis deputaty Andrey Begeneev janbyrdyng suyn shetelderdegidey jinap alyp, tehnikalyq qajettilikterge paydalanudy úsyndy. Búl úsynysqa qalay qaraysyz?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Birinshiden, janbyr suy - ol jer betindegi sudy qalyptastyratyn su. Birshama bóligi bulanar. Bulanu – jer betindegi tabighattyng ekologiyalyq qajettiligi. Onyng bәrin ústap alsaq, qalay bolady? Búl mәselening bir jaghy. Ekinshiden, qanday da bir ónirlerde ol ekonomikalyq, ekologiyalyq túrghydan tiyimdi boluy mýmkin. Ol fantastikalyq nәrse emes. Afrikanyng kóp elderinde jauyn suymen qamtamasyz etu tәjiriybesi qoldanylady. Álemde qazir óz aumaqtarynan ótip ketetin búlttardy  jauyn týsiru arqyly ústau mәselesi de qarastyryluda. Bir qaraghanda qiyal-ghajayyp bolyp kórinetini sózsiz. Mysaly, bizge soltýstik-batys arqyly keletin ylghaldy aua massalarynyng 80 payyzy biyik taularda ústalmay ótip ketedi. Búlttardy týsirip alu eksperiymentteri birneshe jyldardan beri AQSh-ta, Qytayda jasalyp keledi. Qytay sol tәjiriybesin Amurdyng boyynda kóp jýrgizdi. Biraq, búl tehnologiyalar әli adam 100 payyz qadaghalaytynday injenerlik dengeyge jetpegendikten eksperiymenttik túrghydan ghana qarastyryluda. Jauyn sularyn paydalanu – búrynnan bar nәrse. Afrikanyng nóserli jauyn tәn audandarynda jii qoldanylady. Sudy tek nóser jaughanda jinap alasyn. Al bizde qalay? Osy tәjiriybeni auyz sudan tapshylyq kórip otyrghan audandargha qoldanugha bola ma? Bolmaydy. Mysalgha, Manghystau, Aqtóbening tómengi jaghy, Syrdariyanyng tómengi bóliginde nóser janbyr joq. Sondyqtan, búl úsynys bizding tabighatymyzgha say kelmeydi. Al, nóser janbyry mol tauly audargha qajeti joq. Sebebi, onda su qory mol.

2014 jyldyng 4 sәuirinde QR Preziydentining №786 Jarlyghymen Qazaqstannyng 2014-2020 jyldargha arnalghan su resurstaryn basqaru memlekettik baghdarlamasy bekitildi. Osy qújatqa sәikes, Ýkimetke su salasyn damytu jónindegi úzaq merzimdik baghdarlama әzirleu tapsyryldy. Qorshaghan ortany qorghau jәne su resurstary ministrligi әzirlegen osy qújat bizge bolashaqqa baghdar jasap, sugha qatysty mәselelerdi sheshuge kómek bere ala ma?

Sayat ÁLIMQÚLOV:

- Qújatpen tanystym. Bir ghana aitatynym, búl qújatta qysqa merzimdik josparlar ghana bar. Kenes odaghy kezinde Su sharuashylyghy ministrligining 5-10 jyldyq josparlary bolghan. Myna qújat sonyng dengeyinde qalyp qoyghan. Maghan sonday әser qaldyrdy. Úzaq merzimge is-qimyldardy josparlau búl jerde kórinbeydi. Bes jyldyq jospar degen ne? Mysaly, gidrotehnikalyq imaratty jóndeu, suarmaly alqapty qalpyna keltiru jәne t.b. Al, kelesi besjyldyqtaghy mәselelermen ol qanshalyqty baylanysty. Múnday baghdarlamanyng bizge qajettigi sózsiz. Biraq, sol әrbir qysqa merzimdik baghdarlamalardy bir baghytta ózara kezektilikpen tyghyz baylanysta iske asyrudyng negizi bolatyn, memleketting úzaq merzimdik bolashaghyna arnalghan strategiyalyq qújat qajet.

Súhbattasqan Tólen TILEUBAY, Astana.

Abai.kz