«Auyl sharuashylyghyna erekshe
nazar audaruymyz qajet».
Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev.

Qazaq eli úlanghayyr Dalanyng ejelgi egesi. Demek, elding órlep jetilui, damu dengeyi auyl ahualyna tәueldi. Sonymenen ólshenip, anyqtalyp keldi de. Býgingi tanda auyldyng jaghdayy  onaldy deuge erterek, onyng nazar audarudy qajetsinip otyrghany aidan anyq. Kóktemgi tasqyn su elimizding kóptegen aumaghyna qiynshylyqtar әkeldi. Tabighat Ananyng búl synaghynan qajetti sabaq alynsa, su qory – auyl salasyn onaltudyng basty baghyty ekeni elenip-eskerilse kәne.

Osy zamanda keng baytaq jayylymdar qazaq hәm monghol dalasynda ghana qalypty. Ózge elderde joqtyng qasy. Ata dәstýrimiz – maldy jayylymda jay bizge de qiyndau. Óitkeni, su qory mәselesi әli kýnge sheshilgen joq.

Nege? Álemdik klimat jylyna týsti. Múhit dengeyining kóterilui men qúrlyqtaghy myndaghan teniz, kólderding tartyluyna sol klimattyng jylynuy sebepker. Mysalgha ózimizding Abay oblysynda Shynghystau ónirinen aghatyn jeti kishi ózenning bәri derlik tartylyp qaldy. Su tapshylyghynyng ýlken sebebi – sharuashylyq subektilerining sudy tiyimsiz paydalanuy. Aral tenizining tartyluy osynyng bir aiqyn mysaly. Bastauyn Tyani-Shani múzdyghynan alatyn qart Ertis ózenining dengeyi tómendep, eki jaghalauyndaghy alqaptar qúrghap barady.

Negizi, su resurstaryn ýnemdeu әri tiyimdi paydalanu әlemdik problema. Jer ýsti sulary 50 payyzgha azayghan. Sarapshylar 2030 jylgha qaray әlemdik su qorynda tapshylyq 40 payyzgha jetui mýmkin deydi. Al toghyz milliard halyqty asyrau ýshin auyl sharuashylyghy óndirisin 60 payyzgha jәne su qoryn 15 payyzgha úlghaytu qajet bolmaq. Tehnikalyq su qorynyng jayy osynday. Taza auyz sudyng tapshylyghy da ýlken ekologiyalyq apatqa jatady. Jer betining 70 payyzy sumen jabylghan bolsa da, túshy su onyng nebary 4 payyzyn ghana qúraytyny belgili.

2023 jyl, 1 qyrkýiekte Qazaqstan Respublikasy Su resurstary jәne irrigasiya ministrligi qúryldy. Elimizdegi su qoryn paydalanu jәne qorghau, sumen qamtamasyz etu, ony ýnemdeu osy ministrlikting qúzireti endi.

Bizding Abay oblysy shóleyt aimaqqa jatady, qysy da úzaq. Tórt týlik maldy qystan aman-esen alyp shyghu ýshin shóp-jemning jetkilikti qory boluy shart. Keshegi kenestik kezende kombikorm delinetin jemning moldyghynan mal basy qystan taryqpay-aq shyghatyn. Qazirgi tanda auyl túrghyndary jem týgili shópting ózine zar bolyp qaldy. Baghasy aspandap túr, jyldan jylgha qymbattay týsude. Ony sheshuding amaly qaysy?

Sheteldik tәjiriybege sýiensek, onyng amaly – suarmaly tehnologiya ekenine kóz jetkizemiz. Aytalyq, Gollandiya, Germaniya siyaqty Europa elderinde jem-shóp mәselesi týbegeyli sheshilgen. Olar maldaryn lusern, klever, esparset, qala berdi, jitnyak siyaqty ekpe shóptermen asyrap keledi. Eng qyzyghy, ekpe shóp bar bolghany 5-10 gektargha ghana egiledi, biraq ónimi asta-tók. Qalaysha? Tynaytqysh salu, uaqytynda sugharu siyaqty agrotehnikalyq amaldar qútqarady. Ásirese, Izraili memleketining tәjiriybesi keremet. Shól dalada otyryp, jemis-jiydek pen kókónis eksporttap tabysqa kenelip otyr. Onyng birden-bir sebebi, sudy ýnemdep, tamshylatyp suaru tehnologiyasyn myqtap iygergen.

Sonymen, otandyq auylsharuashylyghy tauaryn ósiruge keregi – su, su jәne su! Onsyz mәseleni týbegeyli sheshu mýmkin emes.  Su tapshylyghymen kýres –  ghylymy zertteu ortalyghynan bastalsa iygi. Sonda ghana elimizding su salasy jaghdayyn anyqtap, tiyimdi is-sharalar qabyldaugha mýmkindik tumaq.

El ekonomikasynyng salalary arasynda, әsirese, auyl sharuashylyghy su resurstaryna tәueldi. Ol әlemdik su resurstarynyng 70 payyzyn tútynady eken. Biraq búl salada su ysyrabynyng dengeyi óte joghary deydi mamandar. Sudyng da súrauy bar degenge su resurstarynyng mamany Sәmet Yqylasúly  bylay dep aitady: «Suarmaly jerlerdegi egis alqabyna egiletin daqyldar qúramyn qayta qarau. Kýrish, maqta sekildi sudy kóp talap etetin daqyldar egiletin alqapty meylinshe azaytu. Sharua qojalyqtaryna sudy limitpen bóludi qatang tәrtipke kóshiru. Izraili qoldanatyn tamshylap sugharu tәsilin keng kólemde engizu. Suarmaly jerlerge inventarizasiya jýrgizu, ondaghy gidrotehnikalyq nysandardy kýrdeli jóndeuden ótkizu. ...Taraz qalasyndaghy Gidromeliorativtik-qúrylys institutyn qalpyna keltiru».

«Suarmaly tehnologiya» degennen shyghady, ótken ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldary iske qosylyp, shyghyndy aqtaghan Besqaraghay audany, Ámire Qashaubaev sovhozynyn, Janasemey audany, Dostyq sovhozynyn, Ýrjar men Maqanshy audandarynyng suarmaly alqaptary, sol siyaqty Shar su qoymasy qanday edi? Mine, jem-shóp dayarlau joly osy, sonda mal ónimi tónireginde san aluan agrofirmalar óz-ózinen payda bolar edi-au. Qazir tehnologiya tipti qaryshtap ketti, kóktemde su qoryn jinap, tabighatqa tәueldi bolmaudyng joldary taram-taram.

Jogharyda atalghan Su resurstary ministrligining kóptegen jobalardy qolgha alyp jatqany quantady. Tayauda ministr Núrjan Núrjigitov Abay oblysynda janadan bes su qoymasyn saludy josparlap otyrmyz dep mәlimdedi. Atap aitqanda, Ýrjar audanynda Keldimúrat jәne Kókterek ózenderinde, Kókpekti audanynda Kishi Bóken ózeninde, Aqsuat audanynda Qarghyba jәne Bazar ózenderinde jana su qoymalary boy kótermekshi. Dúrys-aq.

Biraq búlardyng qay-qaysy da iri su qoymalary. Sonymen qatar, «Shaghyn su qoymalary» degen Abay oblysy dengeyinde bastama kóterilse, shaghyn toghandar salynsa keremet bolar edi. Biylghy su tasqyny zardaby esimizde, qanshama eldi mekenderdi su shayyp, qanshama joldar býlindi desenizshi. Egerde әr auyl manynda su jinalatyn qarapayym toghandar bolsa, múnday apattyng aldyn alu mýmkindigi molayary sózsiz.

Mening tughan auylym Bódeneli Ertis jiyeginde ornalasqan. Auyldyng eki jaghyn da tabighy kanal – arna orap jatyr. Kóktemde sol arnalargha su tolady da, birer aptada Ertiske qayta aghyp ketedi. Egerde arnanyng eki basyna beton su tiregish qúiylsa, boldy, bitti, jergilikti túrghyndar jaz boyy sugha qaryq bolar edi. Aytalyq, kartop, kókónis salu, qús ósiru, balyq ósiru degendey týrli tirlikter jandanbaghy sózsiz. Mine, osynday tabighy arnalar qay  auylda joq deysiz. Solardan toghan jasau kerek-aq. Biraq ony jasaugha audan, oblys dengeyinen kómek auaday kerek. Sol ýshin «Shaghyn qoyma» nemese «Shaghyn toghan» degen arnayy qor ashylsa, jogharyda aitylghanday, oblystyq bastama kóterilse degen úsynysty jetkizgim keledi.

Ayta óteri, búrynghy qazaqtar mýldem egin salmaghan degen jansaq týsinik bar. Senseniz, shóleyt dala túrghyndary eginge jaramdy jerlerdi jaqsy bilgen, ýlkendi-kishili ózender boyyna toghan túrghyzyp, suarmaly alqaptar jasaudyng sheberi bolghan.

Týbinde bayandy enbek egin salghan,
Jasynan oqu oqyp, bilim alghan.
By bolghan, bolys bolghan óner emes,
Enbekting búdan ózge bәri jalghan, –

dep Abay aitqanday, egin salu ónerining qyry-syryn jete mengergen adamdar barshylyq bolghan. Toghanda kóktemde jinalghan sudy naqtyly uaqytynda eki ya ýsh ret jiberip, egistikti qandyryp alu – jauyn jausyn, meyli, jaumasyn bitik eginning kepili. Qúr sóz bolmasyn, aita keteyin, Shúbartau audanynyng túrghyndary ejelden osy tәsil arqyly arpa, biday jinap otyrghan. Su ysyraby bolmaghan. Egin saludyng dalalyq tәsilin osy audannyng túrghyny bir qariya (esim-soyyn úmyttym) tәptishtep jazyp qaldyrypty. Sol estelik kitapty oqyp, oipyrmay dep, qatty tang qalghanym bar. Dalalyq keremet tehnologiyany qazirgi tanda nege qoldanbasqa? Sóitip, toghan tәsilimen atam qazaq ejelden ózender alqabyn jayqaltyp, bitik egin oryp otyrghan kórinedi. Demek, ózen boyyndaghy jem-shóptik daqyldar eguge qolayly alqaptarda arnayy sharua qojalyqtaryn qúrudyng erte-keshi joq.

Su – tirshilikting kózi. Ghalymdar su defisiyti dep kópten dabyl qaghuda.  Túshy sudyng ýlken kózi – jer asty aghyndary. Biletinderden Semeyding qaraghayly ormany astynda tenizdey mol su bar degendi ýnemi estip kelemiz. Preziydentimiz Qasym-Jomart Toqaev: «Elimiz ýshin sudyng manyzy múnay, gaz nemese metaldan kem emes» deydi. Olay bolsa, ministrlikter tarapynan artezian suy jatpay-túrmay izdestirilse, Semeydegi geologiyalyq barlau kolledji su qoryn izdeytin mamandardy dayarlaudy qolgha alsa qúba-qúp.

Auyl ahualyn qaytsek onaltamyz degen sózimizge qayta oralayyq.

Tayauda Senattaghy parlamenttik tyndaugha kelgen jauapty maman  shóp óndiru 6,1 payyzgha azaydy dey kele, bylay dep mәlimdedi: «Atap aitsam, ósimdik sharuashylyghy әrtaraptandyrudy qajet etedi. Onda qoldanysta artta qalghan agrotehnikalar basym, auyspaly egis qaghidalary dúrys saqtalmaydy, topyraq qúnarlyghy tómendeude. ...Mal sharuashylyghynyng osal túsy – jem-shóp bazasynyng әlsizdiginde.  Elimizde mal azyghy zootehnikalyq normadan 2 ese az óndiriledi. Jayylymdardyng 20-dan 60 payyzgha deyingi bóligi tozghan, al jayylymdyq alqaptardyng 42 payyzy sulandyrudyng joqtyghynan paydalanylmauda».

Ahual әzirge osynday. Ony onaltu qamynda Ýkimet tarapynan talay jobalar qabyldanyp, orasan qarjy da qúiyldy.  Biraq nәtiyjeler shamaly. Kezinde auyl sharuashylyghy mamany bolghandyqtan birer oi-pikirimdi ortagha sala keteyin. Auyldy kóteruge ghalymdar, fermerler, kәsipker, iskerlerding qalyng toptary birige otyryp, makroekonomikalyq baghdarlama jasauy kerek. Auyl infraqúrylymyn sonyng ayasynda damytu kerektigi sózsiz.  Úlan-ghayyr jayylymdar enbekshi halyqqa qaytarylyp, subsidiya, kreditter әdiletti jәne óndiriske nýkteli týrde qúiyluy kerek. Búdan bólek, enbek adamynyn, әsirese, malshy adamdardyng mәrtebesin kóteru manyzdy. Agroóndiristi zamangha say damytudy sheshu –  maman kadrlar (agronom, mal dәrigeri, injener, gidrotehnik jәne t.b.) isi. Búl rette Semey qalasynda auyl sharuashylyghy mamandaryn dayarlaytyn oqu ornyn ashudyng uaqyty jetti. Osy aitylghan úsynystar Amerikany ashu emes, bar bolghany – әlemdik tәjiriybe. Europada auyl men qala qalay teneskenin kórip otyrmyz.   Onyng ýstine, auyldy kóteru tek ekonomika bola almaydy, qazaq halqy ýshin búl ruhani-iydeologiyalyq mәsele ekenin qadap aitayyq.

Álemdik tәjiriybe degennen shyghady, agrobiznes pen agroindustriya tuyn jelbiretken elder barshylyq. Búl ekeuine ózge óndiris salalaryn  beyimdelip, auyl sharuashylyghy tehnikasyn shygharatyn jýzdegen zauyttar ashqan Avstraliya, Kanada, Gollandiya, Izraili, Mongholiya, Ózbekstan siyaqty memleketter kimnen kem. Kindigi auylgha baylanghan elde júmyssyzdyqty auyzdyqtau qiyngha soqpay otyr. Eng tәuiri, azyq-týlikke tәueldilik, qarjy daghdarysy da joqtyng qasy.  Týrli tauarlar men joghary tehnologiyalar óz-ózinen aghylmaq. Azyq-týlik tapshylyghyna úrynghan alys-jaqyn elder ózderi úsynbaghanda qaytedi.  Sóitip, Abay atamyzdyn:

Eginning ebin,
Saudanyng tegin
Ýirenip, oilap, mal izde! –

degen ósiyetining ózektiligi kemigen joq, qayta arta týsude.

Qoryta aitqanda, auyl-aymaqtarda qordalanghan problemalardy sheshuge belsene kirisetin kez keldi degen oidamyn. Qazaq dalasy ekologiyalyq taza azyq-týlik kómbesi bolyp keldi, solay bola da bermekshi.  «Auyl – el besigi» degen әnsheyin aityla salghan jasandy sóz emes. Auyl-aymaq gýldense, elimizding de gýldeneri  sózsiz.

Asan Omarov,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister odaghynyng mýshesi

Abai.kz