«Qazaq dalasynda»

Djon Uilford Uordel.

Búl estelik jazbanyng avtory aghylshyn injeneri Djon Uilford Uordel.  Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys bastalghan 1914 jyl men Azamat soghysy órship  túrghan 1919 jyl aralyghynda Qazaq ólkesindegi Atbasar, Spassk ken óndiru  oryndarynda bes jyl qyzmet atqaryp, sol kezdegi Resey imperiyasynyn  otarlyq ezgisindegi Alash júrtynyng túrmys-tirshiligin, salt-dәstýrin, әdep-ghúrpyn europalyq tanymmen naqty jәne qyzghylyqty etip, qaghazgha týsirgen. Búl enbek, keyinnen 1961 jyly Londonnyng әlemdik ghylymy ainalymgha engen.

Osy atalghan múra túnghysh ret qazaq tiline audarylyp, oqyrmandargha  úsynylghan. Estelik múrany qazaqshalaghan, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty  Q.M.Erimbetova. Audarma óte sәtti shyqqan, tili kórkem, oqyrman týsinigine  sonshalyqty jenil. Osyghan oray, audarmashygha rahmet aitqymyz keledi.

Sonymen ary qaray kettik.

...Qazaqtardyng әdep-ghúrpy óte qyzyq jәne ózderine tәn ereksheligi bar. Qazaq halqy, músylman dinindegi el bolghan son, arasynda jii kezdesetin qúbylys, jalpygha ortaq amandasu: «Salam ualeykum!» («Beybitshilik sizben  bolsyn!»). Oghan jauap qaytaru: «Ualeykum salam!» («Sizge de beybitshilik tileymin!») - dep sózderi bastalady. Degenmen, búdan ózge de ózara sәlemdesu, amandasu týrleri bar. Qazaqtar Ramazan aiyn qadir tútady jәne tannyng atysynan kýnning batysyna deyin ýnemi qúlshylyq etedi, tamaq jemeydi jәne eshtene ishpeydi. Alayda, kýn úyasyna batqannan keyin, týngi mezgilde olar, kýndizgi barlyq jiberilgen mýmkinshilikterding ornyn  toltyrady, tamaq jeydi, ishedi jәne eki ishekti aspaptyng (dombyra) sýiemeldeuimen әn aitady, kýy shertedi.

Salt-dәstýrlerining biri, ejelgi joralghy boyynsha, tiyisti dúgha týrin oqyp nemese bal ashu, sonymen qatar, otqa qaqtalghan qoydyng jauyryny arqyly keleshekte kezdesui mýmkin kedergilerding aldyn boljap, sәuegeylik jasaydy. Qazaq baqsylary turaly da óte qyzyqty jәne tartymdy bayandalady.

Músylman zany boyynsha qazaqtyng er-azamattarynyn, tórt nemese odanda  kóp әiel alu dәstýrinde bar. Tipti, qalauy boyynsha kýng de ústaydy. Áriyne,  túrmysy, auqaty joghary bolsa. Ru basynyng ýlken әieli (ru aqsaqalynyn  bәibeshesi) Aq ýide túrady, al qalghan әielderining barlyghynyng da jeke  túratyn otaulary bar. Áyelderdi qalyng malgha alatyn bolghandyqtan, әriyne, ol eki jaqqa da tiyimdi. Sondyqtan bolar, qazaq otbasylarynda ósken qyzdar - sol ýidegi úldar sekildi ayauly.

Jana tuylghan nәrestening esimin әkesi qoyady. Nәreste tәi-tәy basyp, ýiden alghash ret shyqqanda, ýy ishi quanyp, qoy soyady. Bosanghan әielding qayyn enesi, ózining kelinine qong sorpa әzirleu ýshin, qoydyng ishek-qarnyn sýtke qaynatady. Sonday-aq, әlginde soyylghan qoydyng tútas etin jiliktep, ýlken  qazangha salyp, bayau qaynatady. Kelini bolsa, kiyiz ýide nәrestesin emizip, sorpany iship, qoydyng eti bitkenshe eshtene istemey, demalyp jatuy kerek. Nәrestening esimin jazyp, bir japyraq teri ishine tigedi, ol - túmar dep  atalady. Ony nәrestening moynyna molda taghady. Sonan keyin, túmardy esh uaqytta sheshpeydi.

Osylaysha, qazaq halqynyng kýndelikti jәne jyldar boyghy túrmys-tirshiligi, olardyng әdebi men salty, dәstýri, egjey-tegjeyli, asqan naqtylyqpen bayandalady. Tipti, qazirgi kýnderi biz úmytqan keybir saltymyzdyng qanday  bolghandyghyn kóresing jәne qayran qalasyn.

Jazbada, qazaq әnshileri men aqyndarynyng qanday bolatyndyghyn, olardyn  sheberligi men daryndylyghyn әdemi suretteydi.

Qazaqtyng әskery taktikasy, atpen jortu men toruyldan túrady. Qazaqtar - óte tәjiriybeli, ailaker partizandar. Olardy alystan atatyn myltyq, pushka bolmasa, esh uaqytta qasyna kelip, aila asyryp, qylyshpen, nayzamen jaulay almaysyn.

Qazaqtardyng mәdeniyeti ózge de kóptegen týrki halyqtarynyng mәdeniyeti siyaqty jylqymen tikeley baylanysty. Sebebi, jylqy kóshpendilerding ómir sýrui ýshin, dúshpendermen kýreste bolsyn, mal jang, otbasylaryn kóshiruge de asa qajetti januar.

Sonymen qatar, kitapta qazaqtardyng toylary, at jarystary: kókpar, bәige, qyz quu, tenge alu jәne paluandar kýresi óte aishyqty jazylghan. Tipti, olargha beriletin syi-syyapattyng týr-týri de kórsetilgen. Búl enbekte, júrtymyz únatatyn sýiikti qús salu óneri de bar.

Taghy bir aitarymyz, Djon Uilford Uordelding estelik jazbalarynda, sol  kezdegi Spassk, Atbasar, Qaraghandy, Qarqaraly, Sarysu, Petropavl aimaqtary, olardyng tabighaty, erekshelikteri kórkem surettelgen. Sonday-aq, sol tústaghy qazaq dalasyndaghy bolishevikter men aq gvardiyashylardyn  arasyndaghy taytalas soghys, qaqtyghys jәne olardyng elge әkelgen zobalany naqpa-naq aitylyp, ashyq týrde, boyamasyz kórsetiledi.

Jalpy aitarymyz, injener D.U. Uordelding estelik jazbalary óte qúndy, tarihy túrghyda bagha jetpes júmys deuge bolady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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