Kýndelikti ómirde kóptegen nәrselerge mәn bere bermeymiz. Ózimizding manday terimizben tapqan qarajatymyzgha qanday tauar alyp jatqanymyzdy, ony sapasyn qarap jatu ýrdisi qogham damy bastaghan kezden ghana qalyptasty.

Qazirgi tanda tútynushylar qúqyghyn qorghau komiytetine jәne basqa da osy saladaghy qúzyrly organdargha jyl sayyn orta eseppen mynnan asa shaghym týsip, milliondaghan tengening ónimi qaytarylyp, tútynushylar qúqyghyn qorghau júmystary bir jýiege endi.Degenmen búl salada atqaratyn júmystar barshylyq. Onyng bastysy halyq arasynda tútynushylar arasynda óz qúqyqtaryn qorghay bilu, sapaly tauar talap etu, chekterin tekseru, zansyz ýsteme payyzdargha toqtau salu salasynda atqaratyn júmys kóp. Sauda satu jәne satyp alu mәdeniyeti men onyng zannamalyq sauattylyghy kýn tәrtibindegi ózekti mәselelerding biri bolyp qala bermek. Tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau — memleketting manyzdy mindeti.

2020 jyly Parlament Tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng 2010 jylghy 4 mamyrdaghy № 274-IV Zanyna týzetuler men ózgerister engizdi. Zannama tútynushylardyng mýddelerin Qazaqstan tirshiligining barlyq salalarynda birinshi oryngha qoydy. Olar EYDÚ elderinde basym jәne BÚÚ-nyng tútynushylardyng mýddelerin qorghaudaghy jetekshi prinsipterinde negizdelip jazylghan.Zang ghana qabyldanyp Tútynushylardyng qúqyghyn qorghau komiyteti de qúryldy. Álem elderindegi tauardy kýndelikti tútynushy adamdardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau mәsele eshqashan da kýn tәrtibinen týsken emes. Sondyqtan demokratiyalyq prinsipterdi ústanghan memleketterding tútynushylardyng qúqyghyn qorghaudy basty oryngha qoya otyryp, olardyng ekonomikalyq sauatyn arttyru júmystarynda belsendi jýzege arttyryp keledi. Osyghan baylanysty tútynushy degen kim jәne zannamada onyng qanday qúqyqtary qorghalghan degen súraqtargha jauap izdedik.

Tútynushy – jeke, otbasynda, ýy ishinde jәne kәsipkerlik qyzmetpen baylanysty emes ózge de paydalanugha ghana arnalghan tauargha (júmysqa, kórsetiletin qyzmetke) tapsyrys beru nemese solardy satyp alu niyeti bar ne tapsyrys beretin, satyp alatyn jәne (nemese) paydalanatyn jeke túlgha.Yaghni, tauar, qyzmet nemese júmysty satyp alatyn túlgha tútynushy bolyp tabyladydegen ghylymy týsinik bar.Árbir tauar tútynushy ózining qúqyqtaryn naqty bilu kerek. Búl maqsatta zanda qarastyrylghan qúqyqtaryn bilu arqyly qarjylyq sauattylyqtaryn arttyru júmystaryn qarqyndatu qajet.Biz búl maqalamyzda zannamagha sýiene otyryp, tútynushynyng óz qúqyqtaryn biluding algoriytimining negizgi tarmaqtaryn atap ótudi jón sanady.

Tauarlardy tútynushy retinde óz qúqyqtaryn bilmeu bólshek saudadaghy alaqol qatysushylardyng satyp alushynyng qúqyqtaryn eskermeuine, keyde óz kliyentterin sanaly týrde aldau arqyly olardy әdeyi búzugha mýmkindik beredi.

Árbir tútynushyda oghan adal qyzmet kórsetuge kepildik beretin, sonymen qatar ony sapasyz tauarlar men qyzmetterden qorghaytyn zanmen bekitilgen qúqyqtar tizimi bar.

«Tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau turaly» QR Zanynyng (búdan әri – Zan) 7-babyna sәikes tútynushylardyn:

tauar (júmys, kórsetiletin qyzmet) turaly, sonday-aq satushy (dayyndaushy, oryndaushy) turaly aqparat alugha;

tauardyng (júmystyn, kórsetiletin qyzmettin) tiyisti sapasyna;

tiyisti de, tiyisti emes te sapadaghy tauardy aiyrbastap alugha nemese qaytaryp beruge;

satushydan (dayyndaushydan, oryndaushydan) tauardy satyp alu (júmysty oryndau, qyzmetti kórsetu) faktisin rastaytyn qújatty alugha;

moralidyq ziyandy ótetuge;

qúqyqtary men zandy mýddelerin qorghaugha qúqyghy bar.

Satyp alushylardyng qúqyqtaryn búzudyng eng kóp taralghan jaghdaylary tauarlardy qaytaru nemese aiyrbastau ýrdisinde oryn aluy mýmkin. Sonymen qatar, sapasyz tauarlargha qaraghanda sapaly tauardy qaytaru nemese aiyrbastau qiynyraq ekenin atap ótken jón.Zannyng 14,30 babyna say satyp alushy satyp alghannan keyin 14 kýntizbelik kýn ishinde tiyisti sapadaghy kez-kelgen azyq-týlikke jatpaytyn tauarlardy qaytarugha nemese aiyrbastaugha qúqyly, al satushy ony qabyldaugha mindetti. Tauardy qaytaru nemese aiyrbastau kezinde satyp alushy tauardaghy barlyq plombalary jәne zattanbalary, sonday-aq tauardy satyp alu faktisin rastaytyn qújatty úsynuy tiyis.Eger qanday da bir sebepter boyynsha satyp alushy tauardy satyp alu faktisin rastaytyn qújatty úsyna almasa, onda satyp alu faktisin rastau ýshin satyp alushy kuәlardyng aighaqtaryna silteme jasay alady nemese satyp alu faktisin rastaytyn kez kelgen basqa әdisterdi paydalana alady.Alayda, tiyisti sapadaghy azyq-týlikke jatpaytyn tauarlardy aiyrbastau nemese qaytaru mýmkindigi barlyq ónimderge qoldanylmaydy.Eger satyp alushy sapasyz tauardy (yaghny aiqyn nemese jasyryn kemshilikteri bar tauardy) satyp alsa, onda satushy múnday tauardy satyp alushydan qabyldaugha jәne satyp alushynyng qalauyna baylanysty tauar ýshin tólengen tolyq aqshalay somany qaytarugha, tauardy óz qarajaty esebinen jóndeuge nemese dúrys tauargha aiyrbastaugha mindetti.Qarapayym algoritmdi bilu arqyly әrbir tútynushy óz qúqyghyn qoldanystaghy zang ayasynda qorghay alady. Álem qarqyndy damyp keledi. Jahandanu prosessi kezinde aqparattyq jyldamdyq pen әleumettik jәne ekonomikalyq, geosayasy ózgeristerding jyldamdyghy, tehnologiyanyng qarqyndy damuy adamzattyng kýndelikti túrmys kestesin ózgertip ghana qoymay, kýndelikti bilimin jetildirip otyrugha iytermeleude. Demek, tútynushy men tauar óndirushi әrqaysysy qoldanystaghy zannamany bile otyryp júmys jasasa qiyndyqtar tughyzbaytyny  belgili.

Núrsúltan Utkelbaev 

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