Osydan 33 jyl búryn Kenes Odaghynyng ydyrauy jana tәuelsiz memleketterding qúryluyna әkeldi. Osy jyldar ishinde tuysqan respublikalarda ómir basqasha damydy.

Tarihy qysqa merzimde Qazaqstan shynayy tәuelsizdikke, memlekettik egemendikke, tolyqqandy zamanauy ekonomika men serpindi damyp kele jatqan әleumettik salany qúrudyng әserli jolyn jýrip ótti. Búl onay sapar emes edi. Bizding elimiz barlyq qiyndyqtar men problemalardy týsinedi. Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan – әlemdik sayasatta da, Ortalyq Aziya aimaghynda da belsendi pozisiya ústanatyn jauapty memleket.

«Alash» sózin qazaq tilinen audarghanda: 1) qazaq rularynyng eng kóne birlestigi dep atalady; 2) qazaq әskerleri; 3) halyq, «qazaqtar» sózining sinonimderi. 2017 jyly Alash qozghalysy ózining 100 jyldyghyn atap ótti. HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy qazaq halqynyng últtyq-patriottyq qozghalysynyng payda boluy tarihy zandy әri әdil oqigha boldy.

Qozghalystyng payda boluynyng basty sebebi sol kezdegi qazaq halqynyng eng ozyq bóligi – qazaq demokratiyalyq intelliygensiyasynyng boyynda últtyq ózindik sana men últtyq mýddeni týsinuding payda boluy men ósui jәne qazaq qoghamynyng ilgeri damuy boldy. patshalyqtyng otarshyldyq sayasaty.

Samoderjavie tarihy qalyptasqan birtútas halyqty zorlyqpen bólshektep, onyng basqaruyn derbes basqaru organdaryna bólip, qazaqtyng bayyrghy jerin tartyp alyp, qazaq halqynyng ana tili men mәdeniyetining joyyluyna әkeletin bilim jýiesin tanyp tastady. Osynyng bәri qazaq demokratiyalyq intelliygensiyasynyng jetekshi ókilderi Bókeyhanov, Baytúrsynov jәne t. b. bastaghan patshalyq pen halyq arasyndaghy qaqtyghysqa әkeldi.

HH ghasyrdyng basyna qaray samoderjaviyening eskirip bara jatqany belgili boldy. 1905-1907 jyldardaghy birinshi orys revolusiyasy qazaq dalasyna da jetti. «Alash» qozghalysynyng qalyptasuy osy kezden bastalady. Professor Dina Amanjolova «Alash partiyasy» atty maqalasynda. Últtyq demokratiyanyng bastaulary» dep jazady:

«Nemnogochislennaya kazahskaya intelliygensiya nachala XX veka, trudivshayasya na niyve narodnogo obrazovaniya y prosvesheniya, nauky y liyteratury, sosialino-pravovoy sfery, zakonomerno stala tem kritichesky myslyashim sentrom sosredotocheniya vekovyh nadejd, ustremleniy y sennostnyh oriyentirov, kotorye sostavlyaly sushestvo duhovnoy jizny kazahskogo obshestva, vyrajaly samye ostrye problemy ego jiznedeyatelinosti. Prosvetiyteliskie inisiativy budushih alashordinsev (liyderamy dviyjeniya byly Alihan Bukeyhanov, Ahmet Baytursynov, Muhamedjan Tynyshpaev, Mirjakyp Dulatov), sozdanie periodicheskoy pechati, reshiytelinoe vkluchenie v politicheskui boribu v sostave sosialisticheskiyh, liyberalinyh, musulimanskih organizasiy, partiy y dviyjeniy, unikalinyy po bogatstvu y raznoobrazii opyt sotrudnichestva s mnogochislennymy obshestvennymy deyatelyami, uchenymy y politikamy daly zamechatelinye plody. Cherez popytku sozdati samostoyatelinuy partii, cherez burnye debaty v pervoy nasionalinoy gazete «Kazah», cherez korotkiy opyt parlamentarizma y mnogotrudnuy praktiku zashity narodnyh interesov v strashnom 1916 godu sformirovalsya zamysel y razvernulasi masshtabnaya deyatelinosti po sozdanii obshenasionalinoy partiy kak naibolee podhodyashego instrumenta etnopoliticheskoy konsolidasiy obshestva».

Onyng kórneki dәleli Alash qozghalysynyng 1917 jyly kýzde qabyldanghan baghdarlamasy:

1. Memlekettik qúrylym. Resey demokratiyalyq federativtik respublika boluy kerek. Federativtik respublikanyng qúramyna kiretin әrbir memleket tәuelsiz bola otyryp, federasiyagha kiretin basqa memlekettermen birlikte әreket etedi.

2. Jergilikti erkindik. Qazaqtardyng avtonomiyasy olar mekendegen oblystardan túrady jәne Resey Federativtik Respublikasynyng qúramyna kiredi.

3. Negizgi qúqyq. Resey Respublikasynda dinge, shyqqan tegine jәne jynysyna qaramastan әrkim teng qúqyqtargha iye.

4. Din memleketten bólingen. Barlyq dinder ten.

5. Biylik jәne sot. Ár últtyng ereksheligine say salynuy kerek. Qazaqtar basym aimaqtarda sottyng tili qazaq tili bolyp tabylady.

6. Halyqty qorghau. Halyqty qorghaytyn әsker boluy kerek.

7. Salyq. Salyqtar әl-auqat dәrejesine jәne mýliktik jaghdayyna qaray alynady.

8. Júmysshylar zanmen qorghaluy tiyis. «Alash» partiyasy búl mәselede sosial-demokrattardyng menisheviktik tobynyng baghdarlamasyn qoldaydy.

9. Ghylym men bilimning damuy. Bilim әrkimning jeke menshigi boluy kerek. Barlyq oqu oryndarynda bilim alu tegin.

10. Jer mәselesi. Negiz aldymen jerding bayyrghy menshigi boluy kerek.

Kenes ókimeti ornaghan kezende «Alash» partiyasy men jana ókimet arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas negizinen baylanystan ymyragha kóshken joq. RSDRP (b)-nyng radikaldy elementteri jergilikti kenesterde ýstemdik qúrghan birqatar qalalarda – Petropavl, Perovsk, Áuliye-Atada Alasha qayratkerleri qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. Tek Semeyde, Vernyida jәne keybir basqa jerlerde olardyng arasynda nәzik jәne qysqa merzimdi yntymaqtastyq damydy.

1919 jyldyng ortasynan bastap jekelegen ókilderdin, sonyng ishinde Alash-Orda basshylarynyng kenes ókimeti jaghyna ótui bastalyp, jyl sonyna qaray keng óris aldy, Búghan Alash qozghalysyna qatysushylargha keng kólemde raqymshylyq jasau yqpal etti, búl onyng týpkilikti úiymdyq kýireuinde ýlken ról atqardy.

Alash qozghalysy Qazaqstanda HIH ghasyrdyng sony men HH ghasyrdyng basynda bolghan әleumettik-ekonomikalyq, qoghamdyq-sayasy jәne ruhaniy-mәdeny ózgeristerding nәtiyjesinde payda boldy. Qozghalystyng ortalyq elementi 1917 jyly shildede úiymdastyrylghan últtyq «Alash» partiyasy boldy.

Áu bastan-aq qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirge aralasa otyryp, «Alash» partiyasy eki maqsatqa jetudi ózining basty mindeti dep sanady: 1) qazaq halqyn otarshyldyq qamyttan azat etu jәne 2) bolashaqta qazaq qoghamynyng órkeniyetti әlemdik qauymdastyqqa enuin qamtamasyz etu.

Alash partiyasy ózining әleumettik tabighaty boyynsha әrtýrli dәrejedegi qazaq últtyq-demokratiyalyq ziyalylarynyng sayasy úiymy boldy. Ol 20 ghasyrdyng basynda Qazaqstandy burjuaziyalyq-kapitalistik qatynastargha beyimdeuge úmtyldy. Búghan evolusiyalyq jolmen – reformalar arqyly qol jetkizu kerek edi.

Sondyqtan ol 1917 jylghy Qazan revolusiyasynyng iydeyalary men úrandaryn joqqa shygharyp, azamat soghysy kezinde antisovettik jәne bolishevikterge qarsy kýshterding odaqtasy boldy. Búl teketireste Alash partiyasy men Alash-Orda ýkimeti jeniliske úshyrady.

Osydan 33 jyl búryn elimiz tәuelsiz, egemendi el boldy. Osy jyldar ishinde Qazaqstan ekonomikasy shiykizatqa negizdelgen búrynghy kenestik respublikadan kópvektorly syrtqy sayasat jýrgizetin, naryqtyq ekonomika qúryp, әlemning damyghan elderining qataryna qosylugha úmtylghan tәuelsiz memleketke ainaldy.

HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy sayasy qozghalystardyng últtyq-demokratiyalyq damu iydeyalary HH ghasyrdyng ayaghynda egemen jәne tәuelsiz Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qúryluymen ózining naqty kórinisin tapty. Osylaysha, songhy 33 jylda barlyq biylik instituttary, tolyqqandy basqaru jýiesi bar zamanauy memleket qúryldy, halqymyzdyng tarihynda búryn-sondy bolmaghan túraqty armiya men flot, jalpygha tanylghan shekara, óz valutasy, t.b.

Jasyratyny joq, kez kelgen TMD memleketi ýshin Reseymen qarym-qatynas óte manyzdy jәne erekshe ról atqarady. Al Qazaqstan Respublikasy men Resey Federasiyasy arasyndaghy 1991 jyldan bastap býgingi kýnge deyin ondy, syndarly, nәtiyjeli jәne ózara tiyimdi qarym-qatynasta bolghany Nazarbaev pen Toqaevtyng sinirgen enbegi óte zor, Gorbachevpen, Elisinmen jәne Putinmen dúrys qarym-qatynas ornata bilu – búl ýlken jәne jauapty is.

Al endi Resey Federasiyasy men Qazaqstan Respublikasy arasyndaghy odaqtastyq, tuysqandyq, teng qúqyly jәne ózara tiyimdi qarym-qatynastar, búl eng aldymen bizding halqymyz ben elimizge, sonday-aq Resey men onyng halqyna tiyimdi. Búl jerde kәsiby psiholog boludyng qajeti joq, biraq búl kórshi memleketining basshylarynyng minezi, harizmasy jәne basqaru stiyli jaghynan mýldem basqasha.

Qazaqstan basshylyghy Qazaqstan men Resey shekarasyn dostyq pen ózara senim shekarasyna ainaldyra bildi jәne qazirgi Memleket basshysy osy múrany damytyp, nyghaytyp otyr – búl Qazaqstannyng Reseyge jәne onyng halqyna qatysty sayasatyndaghy sabaqtastyqtyng dәleli, jәne elderimiz arasyndaghy beybitshilik pen tatu kórshilikting kepili.

Qazaqstan óz tarapynan Ukraina-Resey qarym-qatynastaryn tez arada qalypqa keltirudi jәne Ukrainadaghy soghys qimyldaryn toqtatudy jaqtaytynyn atap ótken jón. Osylaysha, aqyrynda, eki slavyan jәne bauyrlas halyqtar ózara jaulyq pen óshpendilikte ómir sýrudi toqtatady.

Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan osy 33 jyldyng әrbir kezeninde Resey Federasiyasynyng osy basshylarymen Qazaqstannyng jәne onyng halqynyng mýddesi ýshin, sonday-aq orys halqy men Reseyding mýddesi ýshin syndarly jәne ong qarym-qatynas ornatugha qol jetkizdi. Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alghan 33 jyl ishinde Alash qozghalysynyng barlyq iydeyalaryn ómirge engize aldy, osy iydeyalar negizinde egemendi, beybitshilikti sýietin, syndarly jәne jasampaz memleket pen qogham retindegi elimizding sayasy jәne halyqaralyq imidjin qalyptastyrdy.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

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