Erlan Mazan, qytay aqyny Ly Baydy týrik – qazaq jasap әure bolma!

Bәrimizge belgili bolghanynday, qazaghyn úly Abayday jaqsy kórgen әri sol Abayday jek kórip, ayausyz synaghan eshkim joq. Qazaqqa tәn kóp kemshilikting biri - úmytshaqtyq әri beyghamdyq eken. Arghy tarihty qoparmay-aq, Tәuelsizdigimizding shiyrek ghasyrynan beri (basqasyn aitpaghanda) Qytaydyng әigili aqyny (701-762) Ly Bәidi týrik-qazaq, onyng ishinde qonyrat-dulat-jalayyr qylyp shyghu ýshin neler aitylyp, neler jazylmady?..

Qazaq baspa sózinde 2010 jylgha deyin dauryqqan Ly Bәy - Eldibay - elibayshylardyng ýni óship, tarihy aqiqat saltanat qúrghan siyaqty edi. Biraq uaqyt ótip, úrpaq janalanghan sayyn tarihy bilim-biligi, últtyq-memlekettik sanasy әli kemeldene qoymaghan jas perilerding delebesin qozdyratyn arandatushylar, eski qyrmandy sapyrugha әuester shyghyp túratynyn da kórip-bilip jýrmiz.

Tayauda mening qolyma «Ayau Qashaghan» degen atpen әleumettik jelide jariyalanghan Ly Bәiding «Serileri shekaralyq aimaqtyn» degen audarmasy týsip edi. Audarmagha pikir jazghan keybir adamdar - múnday ólendi qytaylardyng jazuy mýmkin emes. Búny týrik tekti Ly Bәy siyaqty aqyn ghana jaza alady degen oi-pikirlerin bildirip, Ly Bәidi qazaq jasaghysy keledi.

Maghan osylardy jibergen oqyrman ózining kýmәni bar ekenin, tolyqtay qoldap ta, synap ta  pikir aituda. Tang dәuirindegi qytaysha mәtinderdi taldaugha shamasy kelmeytinin aityp, bir kezde Qazaqstandy shulatqan Múqtarhan Orazbay men Zeynolla Sәnikterding jalghan, arandatushy audarmalarynyng soraby kórinip túrghan siyaqty. Osyghan siz qalay qaraysyz,  kózqarasynyzdy bilgimiz keledi depti. Eng aldymen  osy oqyrmangha jauap beru ýshin sizderge Ayau Qashaghannyng audarmasyn úsynayyn:

Serileri shekaralyq aimaqtyn,
Ónsheng batyr jәne sonday qayratty.
Kóz ashqaly oqu, toqu kórmegen.
Sanlaq minip, sayat qúryp terlegen.
Er týligin dala otyna semirtip,
Sylandatyp, búlandatyp elirtip.
Bal sharaptyng sarqyp iship tamshysyn,
Eki býktep altyn zerli qamshysyn.
Qyran qúsyn qondyryp ap qolyna,
Qorazdana qarap ong men solyna.
Kóz jetkisiz kókjiyekti betke alyp,
Qansonarda ketedi olar attanyp.
Du, dýbirmen dýrildetip alapty,
Tolghan aiday tolghay tartyp sadaqty.
Atqan oghyn nysanagha jetkerip,
Jyqqan anyn qanjyghagha bókterip.
Keri qaytar salburynnan keshqúrym,
Kil bahadýr oghlandary deshtinin.
Ekpininen tenseledi dala, bel,
Aybatynan qaymyghady tamam el.
Oghlandarday qadiri joq aqynnyn,
...Qaru biylep,
Qúny týsken aqyldyng -
Ker zamanda kimnen izet tabayyn.
Boy auyrlap,  bozarghanda  samayym.

Ly Bay.

Qytaysha týp núsqasy:

边城儿，生年不读一字书，但知游猎夸轻趫。

胡马秋肥宜白草，骑来蹑影何矜骄。

金鞭拂雪挥鸣鞘，半酣呼鹰出远郊。

弓弯满月不虚发，双鸧迸落连飞髇。

海边观者皆辟易，猛气英风振沙碛。

儒生不及游侠人，白首下帷复何益！

李白

Aldymen aitarym, Ayau Qashaghannyng Qytaydyng úly aqyny Libaydyng ólenderin audarghanyna eshqanday qarsylyghym joq jәne shalqyghan shabytty audarmashy ekeni kórinip túr. Mәsele túp núsqamen sәikes keledi me?!

Men týpnúsqamen Ayau Qashaghandaghy audarmany qarap shyqqanda mynaday eki nәrsege jauap beru kerek eken dep oiladym.

1. Audarmashy aqyn Ly Bәy óleninen Abaydyng «Qansonardasymen» úqsastyq izdep, izdegenin tapqanday, mәtinde joq sózderdi qystyryp «Attanghan sayatshylar atqan anyn qanjyghagha bókterip, keshqúrym salburynnan qaytqan kezi» degennen bylayghy audarma týpnúsqadan tipti alshaqtap, bosqa shalyqtap ketken.

Demek, audarmashy týpnúsqany zerttep izdenbegen, әigili qytay aqynynyng ne aitpaq bolghanyn mýlde týsinbegen.

2. Audarmashy men oghan pikir jazghan adamdar bayaghy Múqtarhanshylap, qytaydan qazaq jasamaqshy bolghan, ósek-ayandy qaytalap, oqyrmandardy shatastyrghysy kelgen siyaqty.

Men sondyqtan búl audarmanyng mәtinin qayta jariyalay otyryp, ózimning sózbe-sóz maghynalyq audarmasyn nazarlarynyzgha úsyndym.

行行且游猎篇

Jolaushynyng shabytty әseri

(nemese shekaralyq ónir balalarynyng sayatshylyq ónerin óz kózimen kórgen jolaushynyng shabytty әseri)

Ly Bәi  ( 李白 )

边城儿，生年不读一字书，但知游猎夸轻趫。

Shalghaydaghy auyldyng balasy, ómirinde bir әrip tanymaghan bilmegen, biletini atqa minip ang aulau, jalang qaghyp

胡马秋肥宜白草，骑来蹑影何矜骄。

Kýz mezgilinde shóp sarghayyp, at semirgen, saghym qughan atty anshy mәz-meyram.

金鞭拂雪挥鸣鞘，半酣呼鹰出远郊。

Altyn qamshy qolda oinaghan guildep, shala qyzu qarshygha alyp angha shyqqan alysqa.

弓弯满月不虚发，双鸧迸落连飞髇。

Sadaghy aiday iyilip atqan oghy bos ketpey, bir oqpenen júptap atady aspandaghy qústardy tez úshqan.

海边观者皆辟易，猛气英风振沙碛。

Teniz jaghalauynda qyzyqtap túrghan adamdar sadaq oghynan qorghanar, qúm jaghalau kýrildegen anshylardyng ekpini men sesinen.

儒生不及游侠人，白首下帷复何益！

Qytay balasy qaydan jetsin kóshpeli elding erine, shash agharghansha ólermendenip oqyghannan ne payda. Búl osy ólenning jolma-jol tike audarmasy.

Ayau Qashaghan audarmasynyng eng basty qateligi:

Ly Baydyng sayatshylary Abaydyng sayatshylary siyaqty kәsiby sayatshylar emes, dalalyq kóshpendi Kidan (Chidan) dardyn  býrkit, súnqar emes, qyrghy salyp oinap jýrgen jas balalary  bolatyn, biraq olar qytaylardyng shashy agharghansha ólermendikpen kitap oqityn balalarynday әljuaz, aurushang balalaryna mýlde úqsamaydy, olar hat tanymasa da ekpininen, aibatynan adam shoshyrlyq jarau at pen tolghan aiday iyilgen sadaghymen qústy qosarlap ata alatyn súr mergender ekenin kórip tamashalaghan sezimtal aqynynyng madaq jyry deuge bolady.

Óleng 753 jyly kidandardyng shekaralyq «You Yan» degen qúmdy dalasyna barghan saparynda jazylghan bolatyn. Aqyn múnda qytaylardyng «taghylymshyldyq, Kýnzyshyldyq Dogma oqu jýiesin synap, kóshpendilerding jauyngerlik ómir saltyna qyzyqqan kónil-kýii arqau etilgen.

Ly Bәiding ómir jolynan habary bar adamdardyng aqynnyng sheber atqysh, nayzager, bes qarudy asynghan seri – batyr bolghanyn da biledi. Biraq sol ýshin qytay Ly Baydan týrkilik tek izdep әure bolu bilimsizdik bolar edi.

Osylardy eskerip, Ly Baydyng ómir deregin jan-jaqtyly zerttep songhy nýktesin qoyghanday bolghan osy zamanghy qytay ghalymy Vang Shudyng «Ly Baydyng tughan jeri» atty maqalasyn qysqartyp audaryp qosa úsynyp otyrmyn.

Ejelgi zamannan býginge deyingi Libaytanushy qytaylardyng eshqaysysy aqynnyng tughan jeri turaly aluan boljamdar aityp, pikir talastyrghanymen olardyng eshbiri Libaydyng 2000-3000 jyldyq shejiresi bar milliondaghan Liylerding úrpaghy ekenine kýmәndanyp, qazaqtarsha shalyqtap, sandyraqtaghan emes.

Múqtarhanshyl Zeynolla Sәnik pen Ómirbek Bәigeldilerding sýieneri 1962 jyldan bastalghan orys-qytaydyng úrysqaq qatyndarsha salghylasqan shekara dauy túsynda Qytay kompartiyasy basshylarynyng akademik Go Moronnyng auzymen kezindegi tegi týrkilik bizding úly aqynymyz Libay Shuda tuyp ósken, Tang handyghy dәirinde bizding jerimiz bolghan Jetisu-Shudy keyin patshalyq Resey tartyp alghan dep aitylghan dәlelsiz jalghan maqalalary negiz bolyp otyr. Sol tústa Dýken, Múqtarhandar ómirde bolmaghan qaydaghy bir Kegmener degen aqyndy tauyp Ketpen tauynda tuyp-ósti qylyp, qazaq baspasózin shulatty.

Bir quanarlyghy 80-jyldary qytay ghalymdarynyng ózderi aqiqatty aityp, akademiygining de, onyng jandayshaptarynyng da auzyna qúm qúiylyp, toqtatylyp edi.

Alayda, 90-jyldardyng basynda Qytaydan kelgen keybir jaghympaz, rushyl-jýzshil ataqqúmarlar, Qytaydaghy jaghdaydan habarsyz, sengish, anghal qazaqstandyqtargha janalyq ashqanday kórinip, ózin de, ózgeni de aqymaq qylyp edi.

Álimghazy Dәulethan

Qazaqstan Jazushylar Odaghynyng Qúrmetti mýshesi.

Qúrmetti oqyrmandar!

Endi nazarlarynyzgha osy zamanghy kórnekti Ly Baytanushy qytay ghalymy Van Shudyn «Ly Baydyng tughan jeri» atty kólemdi zertteu maqalasynyng yqshamdalghan audarmasyn úsynyp otyrmyn.

Ly Baydyng tuylghan jerine taldau

(Qazirgi zaman oqu qúraldarynan alyndy)

Ly Baydyng tuylghan jerin taldamas búryn, aldymen kelesi faktiler men logikany týsinuimiz kerek:

1) Ly Bay Shuda dýniyege kelgen, búl turaly Ly Yanbinning «Saman sayajay jinaghyna alghy sóz» jәne Vey Haonyng «Ly Hanlin jinaghyna alghy sóz» shygharmalarynda anyq jazylghan.

2) Ly Bay Shu ólkesining Myan jou (Guan han) qalasynyng tumasy bolghan. Búl turaly Lu Suanibaydyng «Tang dәuirindegi hanilindik ghúlama Ly Junhening jazbalarynda», Fan Chuanjenning «Tang dәuirindegi Han lindik ghúlama Ly Gunsinning qúlpytastary», Yan Shenning «Ly ólenderinden irikteme» jәne jergilikti shejiresi «Chen du ejelgi jәne qazirgi jazbalary».

3) Ly Bay Shuda dýniyege kelgei jóninde Ly Bay men onyng jaqyn dostarynyng ólenderi men prozalyq alghysózderinde bir-birinen ózgeshe әngimeler bolmaghan.

4) Keyingi hronologiyalar, annotasiyalar, kirispeler, mәtindik zertteuler, tezister, monografiyalar, oqulyqtar, anyqtamalyqtar jәne resmy tarihtyng jana-eski «Tang shu» t.b., bәri de jogharyda kórsetilgen Ly Yanbinning «Saman sayajay jinaghyna alghysóz» jәne Vey Haonyng «Ly Hanlin jinaghyna alghy sóz», Fan Chuanjenning « Tang dәuirindegi Han lindik ghúlama Ly Gunsinning qúlpytastary», Yan Shenning «Ly ólenderinden irikteme» jәne jergilikti shejiresi «Chen du ejelgi jәne qazirgi jazbalary»  siyaqty jazbalardyng negizinde jasalghan  ýzindi, taldau, tújyrym, anyz-әngimelerding kezkelegn qortyndylarymen kózqarastary óz ara qayshylyqtar tuyndap jatqan jaghdayda qaytadan qarastyru arqyly dúrystaugha  mýmkinshilik bar.

5) Qatang taldau men tekseruden keyin Ly Yanbinning «Saman sayajay jinaghyna alghy sóz», Vey Haonyng «Ly Hanlin jinaghyna alghysóz» jәne Ly Baydyng ólenderi men esselerining bastapqy jazbalarynda qarama-qayshylyqtar bolghan jaghdayda, eki qarama-qayshylyqtyng bireui kate nemese ekeuide jalghan  deuge kelmeydi. Mýmkin bireui nemese ekeui de qate boluy mýmkin.  Onyn  kate  boluynyng sebebi  bayandaushy taraptyng jadyda nemese jazuynda qateler boluy, taratu prosesindegi qateler jәne t.b. boluy mýmkin.

6) Ly Yanbinning «Saman sayajay jinaghyna alghy sóz», Vey Haonyng «Ly Hanlin jinaghyna alghy sóz» jәne Ly Baydyng ólenderi men ólenderine ózara kayshylyqtar bolyp jatsa, ony bayqaghan bireu ózining ómir tәjiriybesimen óz tanymdary boyynsha búl qayshylyqtargha kate dep tújyrym jasay almaydy. Mysaly, Ly Bay ózin Lon Sy Chen jiyding tumasymyn jәne Ly Guannyng úrpaghymyn dep mәlimdegen. Búghan keybireuler senbeydi,  biraq ol mәngi dәleldey almaydy.

Sondyqtan, 5-bapqa sýiene otyryp, biz bylay dep qorytyndy jasaymyz: Chen Inke, Go Moruo jәne basqalar Ly Baydyng Batys aimaqtarda tuylghany naghyz shyndyq dep jariyalauy esh qanday logikalyq saraptama nәtiyjisi bolyp sanalmaydy.  Býgingi kýnge deyin esh qanday oqighalar, estelikter, tújirimdamalar Ly Baydyng batys aimaqtarda nemese Suyapta tuylghanyn dәleldey almaydy.

Qazirgi uaqytta Ly Baydyng tuylghan jeri turaly әrtýrli núsqalardyng boluynyng negizgi sebebi - Van Siyding Ly Yanbinning «Saman sayajay  jinaghyna alghy sóz» men Ly Baydyng «Son Chjunchenge arnalghan ózin-ózi úsynu  haty» arasynda qayshylyq bar dep sanaghandyqtan.

Chen Ynke, Go Moruo jәne basqalary keyin búl qayshylyqtardy eshqanday tekseru, saraptau jasamastan tek ózderining tanymymen mejeuleri boyynsha, Ly Baydy batys aumaqta tuylghan degen qortyndy shygharghan. Ókinishke oray búl negizsiz qortyndynyng әseri keng kólemde tarap kópke әser etken. Men  Van Shu ony búrynghy danyshpan Van Siyding shatastyruyn jong ýshin onyng shyghu tegin izdeuge jәne ony synap kóruge  barymdy saldym.

Jogharyda kórsetilgen Ly Baydyng tuylghan jeri jәne onyng tuylghan uaqyty jónindegi salystyrular, zetteuler jәne izdenisterding negizinde Sy Shan provinsiyasy Mian Iang aumaghynyng Shin Lian qalashyghynda dýniyege kelgen kortyndygha eshqanday qarsy kóz-qarastargha negiz tabylmaydy. Sondyqtan, Ly Baydyng tuylghan jeri Sy Shuan provinsiyasy Mian Ian  qalasy Jang Iu audany Shin Lian qalashyghy Ly Bay bayyrghy mekeni. dep qaraymyz

****

Audarmashy, zertteushi retinde aitarym:

Ly Baydyng tuylghan topyraghynyng Sy Shuandaghy ShU (Qazaqstandaghy Shu – Suyabqa esh qatyssyz ónir ekendigine eshbir qytay ghalymy, zertteushileri arasynda alauyzdyq joq. Al aqynnyng Qytaydyng kórikti taulary men dalalaryn, qalalar men auyl-qystaqtarynda qashan, qalay bolghany jóninde ghana týrli oilar, boljamdar ghana bar. Búl ekeuin shatastyru baryp túrghan sauatsyzdyq әri arandatushylar.

Abai.kz