…Smirisi, Kavkaz: iydyot Ermolov!

( A.S.Pushkiyn)

On segizinshi ghasyrdan bastap qanatyn kenge jaya bastaghan orys imperiyasyna Qara tenizding jaghasyna qalayda shyghu, sol bir tústa strategiyalyq mejege alyndy. Qyrym týbegin jaulap alumen qatar, qazirgi Kabardino – Balkar jәne Karachay-Cherkes avtonomiyalyq respublikalarynyng ornalasqan aumaqtaryn, sol sekildi Reseyding qúramyndaghy Stavropoli, Krasnodar ólkesin (búl aimaqtar sol zamanda Cherkes (Adygey) dep  atalatyn halyqtyn   atameken jerleri bolatyn) úzaq jyldar boyy soghysyp, aqyrynda tolyq jaulap aldy.

Imam Shәmil bastaghan qarsylasu soghysyn aragha talay jyl salyp, imperiya әskeri әreng basty. Orys jazushysy Lev Tolstoydyng «Qajymúrat» shygharmasynda da osy Kavkaz soghysy óte jaqsy bayandalyp, әserli kórsetilgen. Degenmen, Resey imperiyasynyng Qara teniz jaghalauyna shyghuy sol aumaqta túrmys keship jatqan halyqtardyng keybirin týbegeyli joyyp jibere jazdady. Atamekeninen aiyrylyp qalmau ýshin qatty qarsylasqan Cherkes halqynyng toqsan payyzdan asa túrghyny osy soghysta qyrghyn tapty. «IYh, kak y Nogayskuy Ordu, polnostiu unichtojiliy». Aman qalghandaryn sol tústaghy (týrikterding ol kezde Kavkaz jerine qatty yqpaly boldy) Osman  imperiyasynyng kemelerine tiyep, týrik jerine qaray jiberip túrdy. Qazirgi kýnderi týrik halqynyng qúramynda ýsh  milliongha juyq cherkester bar dep aitylady. Sol siyaqty birneshe million noghaylar da bar kórinedi. Ýstem elding agressiyasy, ainalasyndaghy shaghyn elderge jasaghan zobalany osylay  boldy.

Keybir derekterde osy Kavkaz jerinen qúramynda Cherkesi men Adygeyi bar, Kabardin men Balkar, sonday-aq Karachayy bar, tórt milliongha juyq adam  qaza tapqan kórinedi. Jergilikti túrghyndarmen eshqanday mәmilege kelmey, ayausyz talqandaghan ghoy. Imperiyanyng negizgi maqsaty, strategiyalyq manyzy bar Qara tenizding jaghasyn kavkazdyqtardan bosatu, әri tartyp alu boldy. Áriyne, búl isti qanqasap joryqpen iske asyrdy. Sol kezdegi Reseydin  imperiyalyq jauyzdyghyn (qazir de onyp túrghany shamaly) V.V.Jirinovskiy ózining bir sózinde juyp-shayyp: «Ana týrikter Ortalyq Aziyadan kóship  baryp, jaybaraqat túrmys keship jatqan Kýrd elinin, sonymen qatar Armyandardyn, Grekterding jәne Vizantiyalyqtardyng biraz jerin jaulap alyp, týrikterge eshqanday qatysy joq, bógde elderding atamekeninde memleket qúryp aldy. Oghan qaraghanda Resey memleketi әlde qayda ontayly, júmsaq sayasat jýrgizdi», – degeni bar. Áriyne, aqtaghany ghoy.

Ekinshi Ekaterinanyng jarlyghy, Suvorovtyng qyrghyny

Kezinde Altyn Orda imperiyasynyng negizgi qúramynda bolghan jәne osy Euraziyalyq qúrylymnyng qanat jayuyna, damuyna aitarlyqtay ýlesin qosqan, daqpyrty alysqa ketken, bir kezdegi qalyng Noghay ordasynan qazirgi kýnderi ne qaldy?! Túraqty ata qonysy, memleketi bar ma?!

Mine men, osy túrghyda jauap izdep, óz uaqytyndaghy Noghay ordasynyng ótken-ketken tarihyn biraz jyldar zerttep-zerdelep, qarap shyqtym. Olardyng sóileu mәnerin, ólen-әnderin, jyrlaryn tyndap, bizding qazaqtan eshqanday aiyrmashylyghy joqtyghyn anyq anghardym. Tipti, Noghayly bolyp sanalatyn Qaztughan jyraudyng shygharmalaryn da bastan-ayaq qarap, oqyp shyqtym. Osydan keyin baryp, ózim kóp uaqyt ózge últ pa dep oilap kelgen noghaylardyng qazaq ekendigine, tek qana, sonau bir zamanda, basshysy Noghay batyrdyng atyn iyelengendigi jәne Qazaq ordasynan bólinip ketkendigi ghana sebep bolghanyn týsindim.

Kezindegi kýndey kýrkiregen Altyn Ordanyng ydyrauy túsynda payda bolghan memlekettik birlestikterding negizgisining biri – Noghay Ordasy. Ol HIV-HV ghasyrda qazirgi Batys Qazaqstannyng kópshilik bóligin alyp jatty. Búl memleketting atauy osy Altyn Orda әskerining qolbasshy, Joshy hannyng nemeresi bolyp sanalatyn Noghay esimimen baylanysty. Keyinnen, Berke han ólgennen keyin Donnan (Dón) Dunaygha deyingi aumaq Noghaydyng baqylauyna enedi. Birlestikting qúramyndaghy rular, birtindep Kaspiy manyna qonys audaryp, әsker jetekshisi Noghaydyng esimimen atalady.

Degenmen, Noghay Ordasynyng negizin salushy – әmir Edige bolghan. Ol 15 jylday Altyn Ordany biylep, «Úly әmir» atanghan adam. Sol bir kezende, Shynghys әuletinen han saylau Edigening qolynda edi. Noghay Ordasy Altyn Ordadan Edigening túsynda bólek shygha bastady. Búl prosess Edigening úly Núraddinnyng uaqytynda ayaqtalyp, Noghay Ordasy Altyn Ordadan HV ghasyrdyng ortasynda bólinip, derbes memleket boldy. Noghay Ordasy tútasymen, Edil men Jayyq arasyn qonys etti. HIV ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Noghay Ordasy ydyrap, ekige: Ýlken Noghayly Edilding shyghysyna qonystanyp, sonday-aq Kishi Noghayly Edilding batysyna túraqtady. Mine, osy tústa noghaylardyng kópshiligi Qazaq handyghyna, sonyng ishinde Kishi jýz qúramyna endi. Noghaylardyng qúramyndaghy halyq negizinen: manghyt,  әlim, qypshaq, qonyrat, arghyn, jalayyr, qarlúq, alshyn, tama jәne taghy basqa týrki taypalarynan túrdy. Osylargha qarap, Noghay Ordasyn, eshqanday ózge últqa telimey, (qazirde keybireuler aityp jýrgendey) býgingi qazaq últynyng tól bóligi deuge әbden bolady.

Genosiyd

1783-jyly Resey patshayymy Ekinshi Ekaterinanyng jarlyghy boyynsha, noghaylardy óz ata qonysynan yghystyryp, Oral taularynyng manayyna shoghyrlandyru kerek boldy. Shygharylghan jarlyq, talay ghasyr ózining bilgeninshe ómir sýrip kelgen Noghay Ordasynyng tәuelsizdigin joghaltu degen sóz edi. Shyndyghyn aitqanda, Resey patshalyghyna Euraziya kenistigin týrki halyqtarynan bosatyp, ishki jaqtan keletin orystar men nemisterge jer beru jәne ornalastyru jospary túrdy. Sondyqtan qalayda týrki júrtyn qyrghanynsha qyryp, qalghan qaldyqtaryn bir týkpirge, ózderining jaulau maqsattaryna kedergi keltirmeytindey etip, deportasiyalau edi. Sóitip, jogharyda kórsetilgen jyly Reseyding ontýstigindegi patshayym biyleushisining ókili bolyp sanalatyn knyazi Potemkiyn, búl jarlyqty jýzege asyrudy Suvorovqa tapsyrady. Alayda, búghan noghaylar qarsy túryp, kóteriliske shyghady. Sol tústaghy orda biyleushisi Qonaqay myrzanyng bastauymen, Reseyding óktem sayasatyna qarsy eki arada qaqtyghys bastalady. Áriyne, orys armisynyng oq-dәrimen atylatyn qaruy men zenbiregine, noghay sarbazdarynyng jalang qylyshy men sadaghynyng shamasy kelushi me edi?..

Suvorovtyng Noghay ordasyna qarsy jýrgizgen astyrtyn әreketi, is jýzine asty. Kóterilisshi noghaylar tanertengilik namazgha jyghylghan kezde, osyny paydalanyp, orys әskerleri shabuylgha shyqty. Suvorovtyng belgisimen Niyjegorodtyq, Vladimirlik jәne Donnan kelgen kazaktar eshqanday oq shygharmay, noghay sarbazdaryn qorshap aldy. Shayqas óte qatty boldy. Qanqasap búl maydanda orda jaghynan adam shyghyny kóp boldy. Keshke jaqyn noghaylardyng seldiregen әskeri qorshauda qaldy. Orystar eshqanday ayaushylyq bildirmedi. Myn-san sarbaz týgelimen qyryldy. Qorghausyz qalghan Edil men Jayyq arasyndaghy qalyng noghay auyldary Suvorovtyng jetekshiligindegi armiyanyng keskileuine týsti. Kәrisi de jasy da, әieli de balasy da onbay qyrghyn tapty. Búl soghysta, kezinde Povoljie men Soltýstik Kavkazdy ústap túrghan Noghay Ordasynyng bes jýz mynnan asa túrghyny qaza tapqan eken. Jalpy aitqanda, barlyghy degen sóz. Qalghan-qútqan noghaylardyng keybir myrzalary óz auyldaryn alyp, Kavkaz arqyly, Týrkiyagha audy. Tarihta shamamen jýz mynday deydi.

Orys imperiyasyn jaltaqtaumen kýn keshirgen, zamanynda tórt jýz mynday qol shyghara alatyn qayran Noghay ordasy, Qaztughan jyraudyng eli, tútasymen joyylyp ketti deuge bolady. Qazirgi kýnderi, Reseyde qalghany jýz mynnan sәl ghana asady. Ne úiysatyn kishigirim bolsa da atameken – memleketi (Tatarstan, Bashqúrtstan, Hakastar sekildi), ne tili, ne dәstýri qalmady. Degenmen de, noghaylar – ol, qazaqtar ghoy. Orys imperiyasynyng ózge últtargha  jasaghan, tarihtan óshpeytin – genosiydi osy ghoy.

Reseyding agressiyalyq sayasaty sonou Ivan Groznyidan bastalady. Osy patshanyng túsynda Astrahan, sonday-aq, Qazan handyqtary talqandalyp, jaulanyp alyndy.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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