2000 JYL ILGERI TÁNIR SENIMI

«Ata-babamyz batyr bolghan, Euraziyany baghyndyrghan, dýniyeni dýbirletken» dep kóp aitamyz, sonda olar nege sýienip batyr bolghan? Tek atqa minumen ghana qatysty ma? Ne ýshin 300 myng halyq, 60 myng әskeri bar shýrshit 100 million qytaydy baghyndyra alady? Sirә, qanday qúpiyalyq bar? Mәsele qaruda ghana emes siyaqty. Mәsele tek et jeu, sýt ishumen shektelmegen. Mәsele senimde jatsa kerek.

Suret: Avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Ne ýshin soghysta aruaq, úran shaqyrylady, ne ýshin tasattyq beriledi? Búnyng bәri 19 ghasyrda tatar moldalar men qoqandyq qojalar «shәitan, shiyrik» dep joyghan ghúryptarmen qatysy bar. Áytpese sany kóshpendilerding jýz esesine teng qytayda, ýndide tehnika kóshpendiden artyq bolmasa kem bolghan emes! Tagham desek, 60-100 million halyq 500 myng myqty jauynger jasaqtap, oghan et pen sýt beruge, atqa mingizuge ekonomikalyq quaty kelmegen deu kýlkili bolar edi! Bastysy kóshpendilerding senimi bólek boldy, olar Tәnir degen qúdaygha sendi.

Tәnirlik dýnie tanym ol eshqanday dinge jatqyzylmaydy, ony senim, dýnie tanym dep qarastyrady. Ol Ortalyq Euraziya dalasyndaghy eng kóne әri sarqyny býginge deyin ýzilmey jetken filosofiyalyq ilim. Ári osy Euraziyadaghy dalalyq kóshpendilerding tól senimi,  eshqanday shetten kelgen din emes. Búl senim boyynsha barsha әlemmen jaratylysty (sonyng ishinde adamda bar) Tәnir degen qúdyretti kýsh jaratty dep senedi. Tәnirden keyin ekinshi dәrejeli qúdyret iyeleri Úmay ana, Ergon (IYerlik, jer asty әlemining biyleushisi). Onan ózge tabighattaghy ózge tilsim kýshter, mysaly su iyesi, orman iyesi, jer-su iyeleri bar dep qaraydy. Qayra – aspannyn, jogharghy auanyn, gharyshtyn, atmosferanyn, jaryqtyng jәne ómirding alghashqy qúdayy jәne Kók Tәnirining úly.

Ýlgen – Qayra men Úmaydyng úly, jaqsylyqtyng qúdayy. Arugh (Ary) týrki jәne altay mifologiyasynda «jaqsy ruhtardy» bildiredi. Olar Ýlgenning qol astynda bolyp, jer betinde jaqsylyq jasaydy. Qazaqtaghy aruaq sózi osymen baylanysty. Jogharydaghy Tәnirmen ózge qúdaylar kókte yaghny gharyshta bolsa, Úmay jer betinde, al jauyz qaranghy kýshterding qúdayy IYerlik pen onyng qolastyndaghylar jer astynda túrady dep qaralady.

Tәnirdi birden-bir eng joghary qúday dep ony jasaghan ie depte aitady. Tәnir shet-shegi joq  mәngilik tilsim qúdiret iyesi  delinedi. Búl senim boyynsha әr januardynda óz kiyesi bolady, mysaly jylqy atasy – Qambar ata, týie iyesi - Oisyl qara, qoy iyesi – Shopan ata, siyr iyesi – Zengi baba, eshki iyesi – Shekshek ata. Sonymen qatar tabighatta jyn, peri, dii, jeztyrnaq, jyn-shәitan, jalmauyz, súmyray siyaqty qaskóy kýshterde ómir sýredi dep qaraydy. Tәnir kisi balasynyng taghdyryn belgileydi dep senedi, әr tirshilik iyesining qozghalysyna deyin tәnirding ornalastyruy dep týsinip «Qúmyrsqanyng tas basqany tәnirge ayan», «itting iyesi bolsa, bórining Tәnirisi bar» deydi.

Tәnirlik dýnie tanym boyynsha ruh ólmeydi, tek adam denesinen úshyp shyghady da ruh әlemine ketedi. Jer betine ruhtar qaytalap keledi, biraq búrynghy kelgenin úmytady, jer betine kelgende izgi, joghary ispen ainalyssa ruhy kóteriledi de, kelesi ómirde aqsýiek bolyp tuylady, tipti jogharylap әuliyege ainalady. Al kerisinshe, jaman istermen ainalyssa dәrejesi dәrejesi tómenleydi, tipti kelesi ómirde hayan bolyp ómirge keledi dep senedi. Kisi balasy ómirden ótken song ruh әlemine ketedi, onda jaqsy túruy jerdegi tuys -tughannyng onyng artynda istegen isine baylanysty bolady dep qaraydy. Sol ýshin ólgenge arnap jetisi, qyrqy, jýzi, jyldyq asy beriledi, jaqsy ótkerilse aruaq razy boladyda, qoldap, jebep jýredi, razy bolmasa kesiri tiyedi dep qaralady. Sol ýshin әr aptada jeti kýndik tamaghy dep jeti shelpek pisirip oghan arnap dúgha oqytady, aiyna arnap mal soyady.

Tәnirlik dýnie tanym kóshpendilerge ýilesken senim bolghandyqtan  kóshpendilerde kitap bolmaytyny siyaqty, onda jazylghan kitap joq. Qaghidattaryn, ghúryptaryn abyzdar men baqsylar jatqa bilip úrpaqtan- úrpaqqa auyz әdebiyeti formasynda jetip otyrghan.

Tәnirlikting basty ereksheligi tabighatty zor tútushylyq,  ýitkeni  kóshpendiler otyryqshy  halyqtargha salystyrghanda tabighatqa etene jaqyn boldy  әri tabighattaghy tylsym  kýshtermen  baylanysta boldy. Onda qatyp qalghan dúgha mәtini bolmaydy, әrkim óz oiynsha Tәnirden tilek tileydi. Al baqsy, abyzdar tylsym dýniyemen baylanysty adamdar dep qaralady da, olar aitsa neghúrlym ótimdi bolady dep senedi. Búl senimde qatyp qalghan qatang qaghida bolmaydy. Tәnirlik senim ózge dinderge әsirese, Aramdyq dinder (ndayizm, hristiyan, islam) siyaqty dogmatikadan, radikaldyqtan ada, óte qarapayym. Sondyqtan osy senimdegi adamdar qatyp qalghan diny erejelerge boykýiezdik etip, ony óte әure dep qaraydy. Kóshpendiler tek esine týsken kezde ne basyna is týskende, soghysta ne apatta Tәnirge syiynady. Belgili tilde syiynu shart emes, ne belgili jerge, baghytty taldau qajet dep eseptelmeydi.

Tәnirlik dýnie tanym kóshpendiler imperiyasynyng qúryluyndaghy ruhany jetekshi kýsh, idiologiya bolghan. Ghún imperiyasynyng qúryluy tәnirden kýsh alghan, sol ýshin ghún biyleushileri ózinderin «tәnir úly-tәnir kodek darqan» dep ataghan. Jalpy kóshpendilerde búrynda tәnirlik senim bolghanymen, bir tútas Tәnirge senetin idiologiyanyng birlikke kelui ghúndardyng imperiyasynyng qúryluyna baylanysty siyaqty. Ghúndardan keyingi Attilanyng batys ghúndary, sәnbeyler, jujandar, teleler, týrikter, úighyrlar, oghyzdar, qarlyqtar, týrgeshter, tatarlar, qimaqtar, qypshaqtar, búlgharlar, avarlar, edil búlgharlary, qyrghyzdar, qidandar, mongholdar, oirattar siyaqty kóshpendiler imperiyasy men memleketterining negizgi ústanymy osy tәnirlik senim boldy. Qazaqty qúraghan ru-taypalar neshe myng jyl osy senimde boldy.

Tәnir seniminde aruaqshyldyq óte joghary manyzgha iye. Ata-baba aruaqtaryna syiynu, oghan arnap tasattyq beru, kýshti aruaqtardyng atyn úran etip shaqyru, kiyizden mýsinin jasap oghan syiynu boldy, osylay istesek qiyndaqta, soghysta, apatqa úshypaghanda aruaqtar kýsh beredi dep sengen.

Tәnir  senimi әskery sipat aldy,  búl onyng basqa dinderden artyqshylyghy. Tәnir senimi iyen túnghys shamanizmine sengender qúrghan memleketterde әr  bes adamnyng biri jauynger sanaldy. Olar beyne Spartalyqtar siyaqty ómiri әskery túrmyspen tike qabysyp jatty. Japan týzde kýni-týni dalada jýrip shynyqty. Olar tylsym kýsh, kiyelerden aruaqtardan, ata-baba aruaqtarynan kýsh alghanynda kýmәn joq, olardyng soghysta aruaghyn shaqyruy osynyng dәleli.

Tәnirlik senimde eshqanday ghibadat oryny bolmaydy, qúbyla siyaqty baghyt-baghdarda, qatyp qalghan әr uaqytta qúlshylyq jasau joq. Búl túrghysynan tәurattaghy aitylatyn Ibrahim (Aybraham), Ysqaq, Jaqyp, Músalardyng óz qúdaylaryna syiynu joralghylaryna úqsaydy, óitkeni Adamnan Músagha deyin qúbyla, kitap, ghibalat oryny, bes uaq namaz, qajylyq siyaqty bes paryz degender bolmaghan. Tәnirlik dýnie tanymda payghambar joq, dese de aqylgóy abyzdar bolghan. Mysaly Tonykók, Qorqyt ata, Kókshe әulie t.b.

Tәnirlik senim 19 ghasyrgha deyin óz qasiyetin, daladaghy yqpalyn joyghan joq. Óitkeni kóshpendiler ómirinen tereng oryn alghan, kóshpendilerge ózge dinder taralsa da, ózge dindi qabyldasa da bәribir tәnirlik senimmen aralastyra ústaghan. Sol barysta keybir ghúryptary úmytylghan. Qazaq halqy jәne ózge týrki-monghol kóshpendilerinde 19 ghasyrgha deyin tәnirlik senim ómir sýrdi. Qazaq ishinde islammen qatar ómir sýrdi, onyng negizi Resey imperiyasynyng islam dini men hristiyan dinin kýshtep engizui arqyly shayqaldy. Kóptegen salttar tәrk etildi, sonda da kóshpendiler úmytpaghan salttar kenestik jýienin  kýshtep otyraqtastyruy, auyldyq,  qalalyq ómirge kiru arqyly úmytyla bastady.

TÁNIR MEN ARUAQ QOLDAGhAN IMPERIYaLAR

Ghúndar men oghan jalghas imperiyalar men memleketter

Suret: Ghún qaghanaty kartasy. Avtordyng jeke múraghatynan alyndy.

«Tәnirqút Luantek zatynan (ruynan) qoyylady. Eli ony «Tәnirding - gódegi — Tәnirkýt» dep ataydy. Ghúndar kókti (aspandy) «tәniri», úldy «godek» deydi. Tәnirqút (Zanghuagh) nemese (Zanghúgh) - darqan (sheksiz ken) degen maghynada, yaghny aspanday ayaly degen sóz» (Jýngo tarihnamalaryndaghy qazaqqa qatysty derekter.1- tom.  Tarihy jazbalar.Syma Seyan. Últtar baspasy. 2013. Pekiyn).

Ghúndar senimi boyynsha Tәnir  en  joghary  jaratushy, barsha bolmyspen is sonyng qalauymen bolady dep qaraghan. Biyleushini Tәnir alqaghan, Tәnirding erke úly dep qaraghan.

Ghúndardyng tótemi - aidaghar yaghny úlu. Ghúndardyng qaghany túrghan jer úlubalyq yaghni, aidaghar qalasy dep atalghan. Skifterding shyghu tegi siyaqty, ghúndar da biyleushiler taby ózderin jer asty kesertki adamdarmen baylanystyryp aidaghargha syiynghan, әr jyly aidaghar qalasynda olargha mal shalyp tasattyq bergen.

Luan (aydaghar) tek әuletining atauy da sol aidaghar tótemimen baylanysty.

Ghúndar zamanyna tәn molalardan tabylghan búiymdarda aidaghar yaghni, úlu beynesi óte kóp kezdesedi, búl olarda jetekshi tótem aidaghar ekenin kórsetedi.

Ghún imperiyasy ydyraghanymen, ghúndardyng izin soghan úqsas kóshpendi sәnbiyler basty. Batysqa aughan ghúndar Qazaqstan jerinde iyúrpan ghún memleketin qúrsa, Eruopada Attilanyng Ghún imperiyasyn qúrdy. Ghúnnan batysqa yghysqan yuechjiyler Aughanystan, Qashqariya, Baktriya, Soltýstik Ýndistanda Kushan imperiyasyn qúrdy. Taghy bir top ghúndar Orta Aziya men Qashqariyada Eftalit (aq ghúndar). Kidarit ghúndar memleketin qúrsa, Ýndistangha baryp Alhon Ghún memleketin qúrdy. Qytayda qalghan ghúndar Ontýstik Chjau memleketin qúrdy. Sәnbiyler Soltýstik Qytaydy alyp Tobauey (Tabghash) memleketin qúrdy. Sәnbiyding soltýstik toby Jujan qaghanatyn, Túighyn memleketin qúrsa, Jonghariya men Qazaqstan ghúndary Qanghar memleketin qúrdy. Osylaysha ghún kóshpendiler qúryp ketken joq, kerisinshe batysy Europada, shyghysy Qytayda, ontýstigi Ýndistanda biylik qúrdy. Olardyng biyligi 800 jylgha deyin sozylyp, jiyny 24 memleket qúrghan (onyng ishinde 14 memleket 312-570 jyldary Qytayda biylik qúrdy).

Aruaqshylyq

«Ghúndar әr jyly ýsh ret jinalady, әr jyly kóktemde tәnirqút ordasyna jiylyp tasattyq beredi. 5-shi aida  Úlubalyqqa jinalyp, ata-babalaryna, aruaqtargha, jerge tasattyq beredi. Kýzde mal semirgende taghy jinalyp, mal sanyn, adam sanyn esepteydi. Tәnirqút jylyna ýsh úlu (aydahar) ghibadathanasyna tasattyq beredi. Aghuandar ghúndardyng molalaryn qoparghanda ghúndar tótenshe ashulanyp, aghuandargha kýirete soqqy beredi» (Ghúndar tarihy. Lin Gan. 171-173-better. Halyq baspasy. 1986. Pekiyn).

Ghúndardyn  kóktemde aruaqtargha arnap tasattyq beru  salty saqtarda bolghanyn jogharyda kórdik. Keyingi qanlylar men týrikterde, moghol-tatarlarda osy salt bolghan. Kóshpendilerde  ólgenning molasyn qiratu – ol keshirilmes qylmys sanalghan. Sol ýshinde Shynghys qaghan siyaqty kósemderding ziraty qúpiya bolyp, ony eshkim bilmegen. 1767 jyly qazaq Kókjal Baraq qyrghyzdardyn  әuliyesining ziratyn qorlap ketkenine qatty namystanghan qyrghyzdar qalyng qol jiyp kelip, Baraqtyn  2000 sarbazyn qyryp, bastarynan múnara túrghyzghan eken.

ÚLY TÝRIK QAGhANATY JANE OGhAN JALGhAS MEMLEKETTER

Suret: Týrik qaghanaty kartasy. Avtordyng jeke múraghatynan alyndy.

Ghúndardan keyingi kóshpendi әskeriylerding taghy bir imperiyasy – Týrik qaghanaty edi. Týrik qaghanaty  eramyzdyng 552 jyly qúrylyp, 744 jyly qúlady. Týrik qaghanatynyng qúryluy da  Tәnir senimining kýshimen boldy. Áskeri 400 myngha deyin jetken. Sol ýshin týrik qaghandary ózderining jetken jenisterin Tәnirding jane onan keyingi kýshter men kiyelerding qoldauy dep ashyq aitty. Kýltegin mәngitasynda:

Teŋiri : küč : bertük : üčün : aqanïm : qaγan : süsi : böri teg : ermis : yaγïsï : qoň teg ermis : qïrïq : artuqï : jeti : yolï : sülemis : jegirmi : süŋüs : süŋüsmis : Teŋiri : yarïlqaduq : üčün : elligig : elsiretmis : qaγanlïγïγ : qaγansïratmïs : yaγïγ : bazqïlmïs : tizeligig : sükürmis .

Qazaqshasy:

Tәnir kýsh bergeni ýshin әkem qaghannyng әskeri bóri sekildi boldy, jauy qoyday boldy... qyryq jeti ret soghystyq, eldikti elsiretpedik, qaghanatty qaghansyz etpedik, jaudy jenip tizesin býktirdik.

Suret: Kýltegin eskertkishi. Aavtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Týrkiler tәnirden ózge kiyeli kýshterden kómek aludy Tәnirge shirk keltiru dep qaramaghan, óitkeni bәri Tәnirding qarauynda jane qalauynda dep týsingen.  Bilge qaghan tasynda:

«Týrik Tәnirisi, kiyeli Jer-suy bylay depti: «Týrik halqy joq bolmasyn dep, halyq bolsyn» dep, Ákem Elteris qaghandy, anam El-bilge qatyndy Tәniri tóbesinde ústap joghary kóterdi», - deydi. Búnda jerdegi kýshtermen ruhtardanda qoldau alghany anyq aitylyp túr.

Odan ózge qazaqtaghy jer betine shapaghat shaship jýretin qút-Qydyrda aitylady: «Odan song Tәniri jarylqap, qútym-baghym bar bolghandyqtan, nesibem bar bolghandyqtan, ólimshi halyqty tirilttim. Jalanash halyqty tondy qyldym. Shyghay /kedey/ halyqty bay qyldym», - deydi. Jer men kóktegi kiyelerge tabynyp, kiyelerdi renjitse olardyng qasiyeti atady dep sengen.

Mysaly Bilge qaghan basymyldar turaly:  «Sonda aldym. Basmyldyng qara halqy Qarlúq halqymen birigip soghysugha keldi. Soghystym, joydym. Toghyz-oghyz mening halqym edi. Tәniri, Jer kiyesine úshyrap tasattyq beretin kýni /ózine kýni/jau boldy», - deydi. Demek basmyldar tәnirlik josyn ghúryptaryna qayshy isterdi istese kerek.

Týrkilerde әsirese qaghandar arasynda tylsym әlemmen baylanysa alatyn baqsylar men abyzdar kóp bolghan. Sonday kiyeli abyzdyng biri Túiúqúq edi. Ol ózine 680 jyldardaghy týrik qaghanatynyng qayta qúryluyna baylanysty Tәnirden ayan kelgenin, onan keyin de amaliyattyng dәl solay bolghanyn aitady: «Tәnir  maghan bylay degen edi: Qaghan berdim, qaghanyndy joyyp basqagha baghyndyn, baghynghanyng ýshin Tәnir seni ólimshi etti. Týrik halqy alqyndy, qyryldy, joq boldy. Týrik sir halqy jerinde taq iyesi qalmady, orman, tau arasynda qalghany jiylyp 700 boldy, eki bóligi atty edi, bir bóligi jayau edi. 700 kisining basqarushysy shad edi, ol «biriginder» dedi. Biriktirushisi men Túniyúqúq edim. Qaghanymmen úghysayyn dedim, Aryq búqalynyn, semiz búqalynyng jyraqta baryn bilsede, semiz búqa aryq búqany dәl aiyra bilmes-au dedim. Osylay oiladym, onan song kóktegi Tәnir bilik bergendikten, ózim qaghanmen úghystym… Týrgesh qaghany qolyn kóterdi… Men bylay dedim: Men bilge Túniyúqúq, Altyn jynysyn asa keldim, Ertis ózenin keshe keldik, kelushiler batyr bolar dedim. Olar týsinbedi. Tәnir, Úmay, kiyeli jer-su yqylasyn bergen song nege qashamyz? Kóp dep nege qorqamyz? Abyz dep nege basyndyramyz? Shabamyz dedim. Shaptyq, jendik. Tәnir jarylqaghany ýshin kóp dep qoryqpadyq, soghystyq, Tardúsh shad ekeuimiz jendik, qaghanyn tútqyndadyq».

Týrik qaghanaty qúlaghanymen osy imperiyanyng jalghas bólshekteri retinde Shyghys qaghanattyng orynyna Úighyr qaghanaty, batysta Týrgesh, Qarlyq, Qanly memleketteri, keyingi kezderi yaghni, Arab halifatymen 705-816 jyldargha deyin soghysqan  Aughanystan, Tәjikstan, Kashmirdegi týrik shahtar memleketi, әlemdegi eng damyghan sauda imperiyasy Hazar qaghanaty, Europany shoshytqan Búlgharlar men Auarlar qaghanaty, Qimaq, Qypshaq, Quman, Pecheneg, Oghyz, Seljýk, Qarahan, Ghaznauy, Gur, Búlghar, Horezm, Qidan, Tatar, Kerey, Nayman, Qaraqytay, Qyrghyz, Ganjou úighyr, IYdiqút úighyr, Mamlukter, Dely súltandyghy qatarly 28 memleket qúryldy. Osy memleketter shyghysy Qytaydan batysy Europada, Anadolygha, Mysyrgha, ontýstikte Ýndistangha deyin biylik qúrghan. Olar qayda barsa da eng erjýrek Tәnirding erke úldary bolyp, әskeri, sayasy biylikterdi qolyna alyp otyrghan. Osy 28 memleketting ishinde islamgha kirgenderi Qarahan, Búlghar, Seljýk, Horezm, Mamlýk memleketteri bolsa, Búlgharlar (keyingi tarihynda) men Avarlar hristiangha, Kerey, Nayman elitasy da hristiangha kirgen. Al Ganjou úighyry men IYdiqút úighyrlary, Qidandar, Týrik shahtary buddizmge kirse, Dely súltandyghy  brahmangha kirdi. Al Hazar elitasy iudaizmdi tandady. Qypshaq, Quman, Pecheneg, Oghyz, Qarlyq, Qimaq, Tatar, Qyrghyz, Úighyr (bastapqy tarihy) siyaqty dalalyq aimaqtaghylar bayaghysynsha Tәnirge sendi. Sol ýshin 8 ghasyrda týrkiler músylman bolyp ketti degen tariyhqa qiyanat! Anyghynda týrkilerding bir bóligi ghana 10 ghasyrda búlghar, qarahan bolyp islamgha kirdi. 10 ghasyr tek kiruding bastaluy, al jogharyda aitqanday Qytayda biylikqúrghan sanbiyler buddany tandap ony biylik jýrgizuge paydalanghan. Sol ýshin kóshpendilerding aqsýiekteri hristian, islamgha, iudaizm, buddizm, brahmangha kirsin, konfusiylikti  qabyldasyn – ol sany kóp halyqty basqaru ýshin bolghan.

MONGhOL IMPERIYaSY

Suret: Monghol imperiyasy. 1276 j. Avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

1206 jyly Shynghys qaghan kerey, nayman, tatar, merkit, monghol ( 40-tan asa kishi rudan qúralghan, onyng qatarynda qazaqtyng jalayyr, qonyrat, ýisin, dulat, suan, shanishqyly, qataghan, manghyt, qiyat, taraqty t.b rulary bolghan) imperiya qúrdy. Búl imperiya adamzat tarihyndaghy teritoriyasy eng ýlken imperiya bolghan. Imperiya Tәnir senimining kýsh-quatymen qúrylghan. Ony Shynghys hannyng mórindegi myna sózderi aighaqtaydy:

Suret: Shynghys qaghannyng móri. Avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

«Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresinde» bylay depti:

«Jorshydaygha: Sen jýrkin, týbegen, Qory Silemýnning myng torghauyty men tandauly әskerin bәrin qiratyp otyryp, negizgi kýshke jetip, Sengýndi atyp jaralamasan, býgingi kýnimiz bolar ma edi? Sengýnning betinen atyp, jenisting jolyn ashtyn... Baljynkólge barghanda seni synap kereytterge jibergen edim. Biz Tәnirding jarylqauymen kereyt elin jenip, olardy telim-telim ettik», - dep, ózderinen әlde qayda kýshti kerey elin Tәnirding qoldauymen alghanyn aitady. Kerey biyleushileri hristian bolghany ýshin Tәnirden pana taba almaghan eken.

Shynghys hannyng Orta shyghysty biylegen úrpaghy Arghún han Rim papasyna bylay depti:

«Biz Shynghys hannyng úrpaghymyz, mongholdyq bolmysymyzdy saqtaymyz, kimning shomyldyru rәsiminen ótkeni, ótpegeni Mәngilik Tәnirding óz erkinde deymiz. Shomyldyru rәsiminen ótken jәne siz siyaqty taza jәne shyn jýrekti adamdar Mәngilik Tәnir men Misikanyng (Mәsih nemese Mәsih) dini men búiryqtaryna qarsy әreket jasamaydy. Mәngilik Tәnirdi úmytyp, oghan baghynbaytyndar, ótirik aityp, úrlyq jasaytyndar kóp emes pe? Endi biz shomyldyru rәsiminen ótken joqpyz, renjip, kóniliniz tolmay otyr deysiz. Degenmen, Mәngilik Tәnirge siynu, dúrys oilau – shoqynumen birdey emes pe? Bizding hatty barys jyly, jazdyng birinshi aiynyng besinshi kýninde Urumiyde bolghan kezde jazyldy».

Arghún han týsinigi boyynsha mәngi Tәnir barsha qúdaylardyng qúdayy, Shynghys hannyng alghan ayany boyynsha da Tәnir eng qúdiretti kýsh iyesi. Sondyqtan meyli qaysy dinge sense de, týbi ailanyp kelip sol Tәnirge syiynghandyq dep bilgen. Shynghyshan da onyng úrpaqtary da zayyrly memleket qúrghan, eshqayysyda bir dindi memleket dini etpegen, din әrqashan sayasattan keyin túrghan.

Suret: 1290 jyly Arghún hannyng Rim papasyna jazghan haty. Avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Shynghys qaghan qúrghan úly imperiya biyligi 19 ghasyrgha deyin, yaghny qazaq hany Kenesarymen ayaqtalady. Imperiya ydyraghanymen, ilgerindi-keyindi osy imperiyagha jalghas Yuai, Altyn orda, Shaghatay, Ýgedey, Elhandar úlysy bolyp, onan ary teristik Yuani, Oirat handyghy, Qalmaq, Mogholstan, Ámir Temir imperiyasy, Moghol imperiyasy, Yarken handyghy, Qazaq handyghy, Ózbek handyghy, Qoqan, Búhar, Hiua, Aqqoyly, Qaraqoyly, Jalayyr súltandyghy, Qyrym handyghy, Qazan handyghy, Noghay ordasy, Astrahan handyghy, Sibir handyghy, Osman imperiyasy, Torghauyt handyghy, Hoshauyt handyghy, Jonghar handyghy, Tatar handyghy syndy 30-dan asa memleket qúryp, Euraziyanyng kóp bóligine biylik jýrgizdi.

Ne ýshin Tәnir senimin din retinde taratpaghan?

Tәnir senimin ózge halyqtargha tyqpalamau, taratpaudynda ózindik sebepteri boldy. Bastysy tәnirshildikpen túnghys shamanizmi sipaty jaghynan aruaqtar әlemi men ózge tirshilik iyeleri, tabighattaghy kýshtermen, aspan men jerdegi ruhtar men, qúdaylarmen baylanysuda boldy. Olarmen baylanysu arqyly alda olardyng jerdegi adamzatqa qarata josparlaryn bilip otyrdy, kóshpendilerding qaghandary kóptegen abyzdar men baqsylar arqyly tylsym әlemmen baylanysyp otyrdy. Ár rudyng qorghaushy iye-kiyesi boldy, onday kiyeler myqty adamdardyng aruaghy boluy da mýmkin. Qasiyeti ashylghan abyzdar men baqsylar osy tylsym әlemmen adamdar arasyndaghy deldaldar rólin atqaryp otyrdy. Qoldaushy kiyeler men ata-baba aruaqtarynan kómek súrasa, olargha syiynsa, olar soghysta ne apatta kómektesip otyrady, kóshpendilerding aiyryqsha jauynger bolyp ózinen jýz ese kóp otyryqshy halyqty jaulay aluynyng negizgi sebepterining biri de osynda jatyr. Sol ýshin olar ózderining osy qúpiyalyqtaryn ózderi jaulap alghan halyqqa taratugha peyil bolmady, óitkeni olarda osynday qasiyettermen energiyagha ie bolsa, qasiyetteri ashylsa, olar kýsheyip, biyliktegi kóshpendilerdi quyp shyghuy mýmkin. Sondyqtan olardy yaghni, sany kóp halyqtardy konfusiy ilimi, islam, hristiyan dinderi arqyly basqaru eng útymdy әdis sanalghan. Búl Tәnirge sengen kóshpendilerding 2000 jyl boyy tolassyz memleketter, imperiyalar qúruyndaghy basty sebep.

14 ghasyrda Altyn Orda men Shaghatay handary islamgha kirgenimen, kóshpendilerding shamaniyzimin joiygha mýddeli bolmady. Tәnir men Allany bir dep, formalyq túrghydan kóshpendilerge islamgha kirgizdi. Búl ýderis óte bayau boldy. Altyn Ordada kóshpendilerding kóbi әlide islamdaspaghandyqtan Ámir Temir islam ýshin dep ghazauat soghys ashqan.

Suret: Avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Ámir Temirding Úlytaudaghy qaldyrghan tasy. Onda: «Túran patshasy Temir 300 myng әskermen Búlghar hany Toqtamysqa islam ýshin soghysqa attandy», - degen sózder bar.

1507-1508 jyldary Múhammed Shaybany da qazaqtargha qarata ghazauatqa shyqqan. Sebebi: «Qazaqtar músylmandyqty qabyldasa da, islamgha shirk qosyp, namazdyng orynyna beynelermen aruaqtargha bas úrady», - degen.

Osynday tylsymmen baylanys bolghandyqtan kóshpendiler qayda jýrse eshnarseden qoryqpaytyn boldy. Ruhtar men kiyelerdin, Tәnir men jer iyelerining kómegine alghys retinde olar ýnemi olargha tasattyqqa mal arnap otyrghan. Áriyne maldy olar jemeydi, biraq maldyng jany, ruhyn alady dep qaralady. Sondyqtan eger de jauynger eldi qúrtu kerek bolsa, olardyng osy tylsym әlemmen baylanysyn ýzu kerek. Baqsylardy jyn-shәitanmen baylanysushylar, kýshti kiyelerdi jyn-albastylar olargha syiynu tozaqqa aparady dep diny qorqytu arqyly olardyng senimderin joysa, olardyng ata-baba aruaqtarymen baylanysy, tylsymnen energiya alu joly kesilse, olar onda onay joyylatyn bolghan. 18-19 ghasyrda qazaqtar men mongholdargha dәl osynday diny sayasat jýrgizildi, aqyry eki jauynger kóshpendi halyq qasiyetterinen aiyrylyp, otarlyq kepke týsti.

Mysaly shamanizmge sengenderding songhy imperiyasy dep manchjur sini imperiyasyn aitugha bolady. 300 myng ghana halqy bar olar 60 myng ghana әskerimen 100 million halqy bar qytaydy jaulap aldy. 2 millionnan asatyn, 300 myng kýshti atty әskeri bar mongholdarmen jongharlardy jendi. Buddizmge ótu arqyly jauyngerligi әlsiregen mongholdar tize býkti. Endigi jerde buddis jongharmen shamanis sini betpe-bet kelip, sonynda shamanister jeniske jetip, teritoriyasy 13 million sharshy shaqyrymnan asatyn iri imperiyany qúrdy. Olar mongholdargha qarata buddizmdi tyqpalady, bara-bara mongholdar әlsirep, otarlaugha týsti. Al dәl sol siyaqty Resey imperiyasy qazaqtarda (islamgha sengen bolsa da) tolyq saqtalyp kelgen Tәnir senimining ghúryptary men syiynu nysanalary bolghan Úmay, aruaq, kiye, tau, su, orman, jer kiyelerining beynelerin joghaltyp, olargha syiynugha tyiym salghan.

ÁLEMDIK EKONOMIKA MEN GEOSAYaSATTAGhY RÓLI

Ghúndardan bastap kóshpendilerding imperiyalary «Jibek jolyn» mengerip, әlemdik geosayasatqa qojalyq istey aldy. Mysaly: Týrik qaghanaty Vizantiya men Qytay, Ýndi, Iranmen aradaghy sauda joldaryn baqylauda ústady. 18 ghasyrda qalyptasqan Aghylshyn imperiyasy qúrlyqtyq saudany emes, kerisinshe teniz-múhittyq saudany negiz etken ekonomikany qalyptastyrdy.

Ár kóshpendining ýiinde bir-birden batyr jauynger tura keletindikten, kóshpendiler malshy emes, qayta әskery júrt esepteledi. Sondyqtan Euraziyanyng memleketterining qalyptasuynda ýlken ról atqardy. Qazir dýniyening jer-jerinde Amerika әskeri jýrse, búryn Euraziyanyng jer-jerinde týrki-monghol atty әskeri jýretin.

Anglo-saksondyq jýie bastaghan tayau zaman imperiyalary qazirgi zamandaghy memleketterdi qalyptastyrsa, kóshpendi әskeriyler 18 ghasyrgha deyin 2000 jylda 85 imperiya men memleketter qúryp, dýniyening sayasiy-әkimshilik jýiesin jasay aldy. Sondyqtan tәnir senimi 2000 jyl boyy óz missiyasyn oryndap boldy dep senimmen aitugha bolady. Áskery jýiege tylsym әlemmen baqsy, abyzdar arqyly baylanysu, energiya, qút, quat alu, tabighatqa jaqyn jýrip, biz bile bermeytin ghajayyptardy kóru dәuirining ornyn oi-qiyal әlemi arqyly ghylymgha qol jetkizu arqyly qúdireti qaru men bilimge ie bolghan Europa júrty jana zamannyng negizin qalady.

Qytayda han zamanynda konfusiy idiologiyasyn el basqaru daghdysy etkennen beri, Europada Rim imperiyasy 3 ghasyrda hristiangha kirgennen keyin eki tarapta da esh damu bolmaghan. Qytayda 2000 jyl boyy ghylym damymady, әskery jauyngerlikti taptaytyn týzim olardy ýnemi kóshpendilerding shapqynshylyghynan zardap shektirdi. Búl jaghyday Europada da, Ýndistanda da boldy. Aghylshyndar kelgenge deyin Ýndistan saq, ghún, týrik, mongholdardyng biyleuinde boldy.

Erzat Kәribay

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