Adam adam bolghaly ózining damu tarihynda talay-talay kezenderdi basynan ótkizdi. Jaratqannyng ózine bergen artyqshylyghyn paydalana otyryp adamzat әr kezende óz ómir-tirshiligin jaqsartugha tyrysty. Bir jaghynan ol jaratqannyng bergen oilau qabyletin júmsasa, ekinshi jaghynan tabighattyng tegin berip otyrghan syilaryn paydalandy. Sonday syilardyng biri – ol su resurstary. Su aua sekildi adam ómirine asa qajet nәrse, onsyz tabighattaghy býkil jan-dýnie óz tirshiligin toqtatatyny aitpasa da týsinikti nәrse.

Adamzat óz damuynyng sharyqtau shegine jetken kezde biz sol jaratqannyn, tabighattyng bizge berip otyrghan, bagha jetpes syiyn dúrys paydalana alyp otyrmyz ba? Tehnikalyq progressting qaryshtap damuy men tabighatty qorghau jәne onyng resurstaryn tiyimdi, útymdy paydalanu arasyndaghy balansty dúrys saqtap otyrmyz ba? Býgingi kýni jer sharynyng týkpir-týkpirinde jiyi-jii qaytalanyp otyrghan tabighy jәne tehnogendik apattar, әlemdegi klimattyng ózgerui, soghan baylanysty tau múzdaqtarynyn, aisbergterding kýrt erui, múhittardaghy aghystardyng ózgerui, sol múhit kenistiginde payda bolyp jatqan giganttyq qúiyn-dauyldar, bәri adamzattyng tabighat zanyna sәikes kelmeytin is-әreketterining nәtiyjesi deuge tolyq haqymyz bar. Nәtiyjesinde, jer sharynyng bir bólegi topan sudyng astynda qalyp jatsa, ekinshi bólegi su tapshylyghynyng azabyn tartuda. Birikken últtar úiymynyng mәlimeti boyynsha, býgingi kýni 2,2 mlrd adam taza auyz sugha qol jetkize almay otyr. Su jer sharyndaghy qaytadan qalpyna kelmeytin, orny tolmaytyn resurstargha jatatyndyqtan atalghan jaghday jyldan jylgha kýrdelene týsude. Osy salanyng sarapshylarynyng pikirine sýiensek su tapshylyghy jaqyn keleshekte memleket aralyq qaqtyghystargha әkelip soghuy әbden mýmkin.

Su tapshylyghy bizding Ortalyq Aziya aumaghy ýshin de ótkir problemalardyng biri bolyp tabylady. Salystyrmaly týrde jer sharynyng kóptegen basqa aimaqtaryna qaraghanda su kózderining birshama jetkiliktigine qaramastan, atalghan problema múnda da jyldan jylgha shiyelenise týsude. Búghan negizgi eng basty sebep – bar su resurstaryn tiyimsiz, qalay bolsa solay paydalanudyng nәtiyjesi bolyp tabylady. Ásirese, Kenester odaghy kezindegi su paydalanu sayasaty aimaqty ekologiyalyq apat jaghdayyna әkelgeni sózsiz. Sudy kóp talap etetin maqta, kýrish daqyldaryn shamadan tys egu, qara qúmdy qaq jaryp ótetin Qaraqúm kanalynyng salynuy, sonymen qatar bar su resurstaryn beybereket, ýnemsiz paydalanu, nәtiyjesi kólemi jóninen әlemde tórtinshi oryn alatyn, Orta Aziyanyng marjany sanalatyn Aral tenizin qúrdymgha jiberuge әkelip soqty. Odaqtyng tarauy, Orta Aziya memleketterining tәuelsizdik aluy su resurstaryn paydalanuda ong ózgerister әkelmedi. Jaghday ushyqpasa, jaqsarghan joq. Nәtiyjesinde, sumen qamtamasyz etuding adam basyna shaqqandaghy mólsheri býgingi kýni kenestik kezenmen salystyrghanda eki esege azayghan. Dýniyejýzilik bankting derekterine sýiensek Ortalyq Aziyada demografiyalyq ósimge baylanysty su tapshylyghy 25-30 payyzgha jetedi, al 2030 jylghy qaray búl kórsetkish taghy 30 payyzgha ósui mýmkin. Al býgingi kýni Aughanstan memleketining Ámudariyadan óz jerine qaray tartyp jatqan «Qosh tepe» kanaly aumaqtaghy jaghdaydy odan sayyn ushyqtyratyny sózsiz. Qansha jyl soghys jaghdayynda ómir sýrip, endi ghana beybit ómirge bet búryp jatqan Aughanstan ýshin búl kanal el ekonomikasyn ayaghynan túrghyzugha baghyttalghan birden-bir shara bolyp tabylady. Sondyqtan da aughan aghayyndargha búl kanaldy salma dep te aita almaysyn.

Al endi búl mәsele boyynsha ózimizding Qazaqstannyng jaghdayyna keletin bolsaq, bizde de maqtanarlyq eshnәrse joq. Su resurstarymen, onyng ishinde auyz sumen qamtamasyz etu jyldan jylgha kýrdelene týsude. Resmy mәlimetterge sәikes býgingi kýni respublikada su tapshylyghy 17 tekshe shaqyrym dep baghalanyp otyr. Al 2030 jylgha qaray búl kórsetkish 23 tekshe shaqyrymgha jetedi dep boljanuda. Geografiyalyq túrghydan alghanda bizde tabighy su qory óte az jәne negizgi su resurstarynyng kózi  shekaralas memleketterde (Resey, Qytay, Tәjikstan, Qyrghyzstan) ornalasqan. Resmy derekterge sәikes elimizdegi taza sudyng qory 539 tekshe shaqyrymdy qúraydy. Onyng ishinde, 190 tekshe shaqyrymy el aumaghyndaghy kólderde, 95 tekshe shaqyrymy su qoymalarynda, 101 tekshe shaqyrymy ózenderde, 95 tekshe shaqyrymy jer asty su kózderinde, 58 tekshe shaqyrymy taular basyndaghy múzdaqtarda shoghyrlanghan.

Tiyisti mamandardyng payymdauynsha su tapshylyghy mәselesin sheshude ony beybereket, jónsiz júmsau faktyleri aitarlyqtay kedergi keltirip otyr eken. Mәselen, Qazaqstan su tútynu kólemi boyynsha әlemde 11-orynda túr. Jan basyna shaqqanda kýndelikti su tútynu kólemi 3,5 myng litr mólsherinde eken. Al endi osy kórsetkish basqa eldermen salystyrsaq, Reseyde búl kórsetkish 1,3 myng litr, Germaniyada 855 litr, Úlybritaniyada 348 litr. Jalpy auyz su men sharuashylyq qajetine júmsalatyn su tapshylyghy boyynsha Qazaqstan Aziyada Bangladesh, Ýndistan jәne Qytay syndy elderden keyin 8-oryngha túraqtap túr.

Su tapshylyghy mәselesin zerttey kelgende qalay biz osynday jaghdaygha tap boldyq degen súraq aldymyzdan shyghatyny sózsiz. Qanday da bir mәsele tuyndaghanda ony uaqytynda sheshpese, ol kýnnen kýnge, jyldan jylgha kýrdelene týsetini belgili. Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyingi otyz jyl elimizding su sharuashylyghy salasy ýshin asa qiyn, toqyrau jyldary boldy. Sol kezdegi el biyligining sholaq sayasatynyng nәtiyjesinde atalghan sala tipti Kenes odaghy kezindegi jetken jetistikterinen airylyp qaldy. Osy el ekonomikasy ýshin asa manyzdy salany basqaru organy – Meliorasiya jәne su sharuashylyghy ministrligi taratylyp, onyng negizinde qúrylghan Su resurstary komiyteti birese Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligine, birese Ekologiya jәne qorshaghan ortany qorghau ministrligine berilip, sala jetim balanyng kýnin keshti. Ol az bolghanday respublikadaghy su mamandaryn dayyndaytyn Jambyl gidromeliorativtik-qúrylys instituty jabylyp, onyng mindetteri Taraz memlekettik uniyversiytetine berildi. Nәtiyjesinde, býgingi kýni Qazaqstanda osy su problemalaryn jete týsinetin, transshekaralyq su mәseleleri boyynsha Qytay, Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstan su mamandarymen teng dәrejede kelissóz jýrgize alatyn mamandar qalmady desem artyq aitqandyq emes. Kóp jyldar boyy elimizde Meliorasiya jәne su sharuashylyghy ministri bolyp qyzmet atqarghan Qypshaqbaev Nariman aghamyz da salanyng osy mýshkil halyn tyndar qúlaqqa jetkizemin dep shyryldap, qaqpaghan esigi qalmaghan shyghar. Biraq ol kisining aitqanyn qúlaqqa ilgen bireudi kórmedik. Atam qazaq ataly sózdi estiytin qúlaqqa jetkize almay kýizelgende, - «Ózing bilme, bilgenning tilin alma» degen ghoy. Osy naqyl ma, qarghys pa, ne bolsa da sol kezdegi eski Qazaqstannyng biylik basyndaghylargha arnap aitylghanday.

Qúdaygha shýkir, býgingi el biyligi basyndaghylar kesh te bolsa osy salanyng problemalaryn sheshu kezek kýttirmeytinin týsingen synayly. El Preziydenti ótken jylghy qyrkýiek aiyndaghy halyqqa joldauynda su sharuashylyghy salasynyng problemalaryna keninen toqtap, salany jandandyrugha baghyttalghan birtalay naqty sharalar qabyldaudy úsynghan bolatyn. Sol úsynystardyng negizinde  Su resurstary jәne irrigasiya ministrligi qúrylyp, atalghan organ býgingi kýni tolyqqandy óz júmysyn jýrgizip otyr. Sonymen qatar, Taraz qalasynda osy salagha kadrlar dayyndaytyn jogharghy oqu orny ashylyp óz júmysyp bastap jatqan tәrizdi.

Endi elimizdi jaqyn bolashaqta kýtip túrghan su tapshylyghyna qalay biz bes qaruymyz saqaday say dayyndyqpen keluimiz kerek. Ol ýshin býginnen bastap birinshi kezekte ne isteuimiz qajet. Qysqasha aitqanda, olar - su jәne auyl sharuashylyghy salalaryndaghy gidrotehnikalyq nysandar salu jәne olardy jóndeu, sudy ýnemdeu men tiyimdi paydalanugha baghyttalghan sharalar, qalalar men eldi mekenderdegi kommunaldyq sharuashylyghy salalaryndaghy sharualar, qarapayym halyqtyng sanasyna sudy dúrys ta ýnemdi paydalanu mәdeniyetin sindiru siyaqty sharalar. Áriyne tiyisti mamandar búl jóninde qajetti baghdarlamalar dayyndap, olar janadan ashylghan ministrliktin, basqa da mýddeli memlekettik organdardyng júmys josparyna kirip, respublikanyng aldaghy budjetinde qajetti qarajat ta bólinip jatyr. Biraq, búl atalghan sharalardyng bәri jetkiliksiz, kosmetikalyq sharalar dep esepteymin. Áriyne osy aitylghandardyng bәri josparlaghanday iske asyp jatsa su tapshylyghynyng saldary men zardabyn azaytyp, uaqytsha mulitiplekativtik nәtiyje beretini sózsiz.

Degenmen búl sharalar úzaq uaqyttyq bolashaqta elimizdegi su problemasyn týpkilikti, kardinaldy sheshuge mýmkindik bermeydi. Kýrdeli mәseleni sheshu ýshin masshtaby sol problemagha sәikes keletin, býgingi kýnning standartyna say kelmeytin tótenshe sharalar qajet dep esepteymin. Býgin osy maqalamda sonday sharalardyng birnesheuin úsynghaly otyrmyn. Bireu biler, bireu bilmes, ótken ghasyrdyng 70-80-jyldary Aral tenizining tartylyp, Ózbekstanda maqtagha, Qazaqstanda kýrishke su jetispey, osy aimaqtaghy ónerkәsipting damuy da sudyng tapshylyghynan shektelip jatqan uaqyt bolatyn. Osy problemalardyng bәrin týpkilikti sheshu maqsatynda Kenes odaghynyng eng jogharghy basshylyghy Sibirding Obi, Ertis ózenderi suynyng 6 payyzyn nemese 27,2 tekshe kilometr sudy keyin qaray búryp, Reseyding keybir oblystary, Torghay dalasy arqyly Qyzylorda qalasynyng janynan Syrdariyagha jәne odan әri Ámudariyagha qúigha baghyttalghan jobany jasau turaly sheshim qabyldaghan bolatyn. Búl joba SOKP-nyng Sayasy burosynda qoldau tauyp, tipti qatelespesem sol kezde memlekettik saraptamadan da ótken bolatyn. Áriyne, búl jobany iske asyrghannyng ózinde de Aral tenizining tolyq qalpyna kelui de neghaybyl bolatyn. Biraq Ortalyq Aziya men Qazaqstandy sumen qamtamasyz etu mәselesin tolyq sheshken bolar edi. Sonymen qatar, Araldyng jaghdayy da býgingige qaraghanda әjeptәuir jaqsarar edi. Jobanyng iske aspay qaluyn kezinde ekologiyalyq problemalarmen týsindirgen bolatyn. Biraq keyin belgili bolghanday, ol kezderi Kenester odaghy әskerlerining Aughanstangha basyp kiruine baylanysty batystyng salghan qatang sanksiyalarynyng nәtiyjesinde jobany iske asyrugha qajetti qarajat bolmaghan. Atalghan joba búl kýnderi dayyn kýiinde Reseyding múraghattarynda jatuy tiyis. Oghan tek býgingi kýnning talaptaryna sәikes tiyisti ózgerister engizip, iske asyrugha bolady. Býgingi kýni ol jobanyng iske asuyna Ortalyq Aziyanyng barlyq memleketteri jәne Qazaqstan men Aughanstan da mýddeli dep esepteymin. Sonymen qatar, búl jobanyng iske asuyna Resey de qarsy bolmauy tiyis. Óitkeni, jahandyq klimattyng ózgerui, soghan baylanysty kómir qyshqyl gazynyng shygharyndylaryna shekteu qoyyluy Reseyding múnay men gazdy eksporttaudyng kólemin jyldan jylgha azaytuyna әkelip soghuy mýmkin. Al endi bir on jyldan keyin su resurstaryn eksporttau túraqty valuta kózine ainalady degen boljam bar. Múnday iri, bolashaghy senimdi jobagha investorlar tartu da kóp qiyndyq keltirmeui tiyis dep esepteymin. Sonymen qatar, osy jobany paydalanyp songhy kezde óz uysynan shyghyp bara jatqan Ortalyq Aziya memleketteri men Qazaqstandy óz yqpalyna qaytaru Resey ýshin de tiyimdi.

Sonymen qatar, songhy jyldary Kaspiy tenizining tartylyp bara jatqany, onyng býgin bolmasa erteng Araldyng kebin qúshuy mýmkin ekendigi de bәrimizge belgili. Kaspiyding tartyluy ony ainala qorshap jatqan memleketterding – Reseydin, Qazaqstannyn, Ázirbayjannyn, Týrikmenstannyn, jәne Irannyng ekonomikalaryna orasan zor zardap әkeledi. Onyng tartyluyn әr zertteushi ghalymdar әr týrli sebeptermen týsindiredi. Bireuleri prosesti tabighy ýrdis, teniz dengeyi búryn da osylay auytqyp túrghan dep týsindiredi. Áriyne olay boluy da mýmkin. Biraq negizgi sebep bizding oiymyzsha tenizge qúyatyn su mólsherining azangy. Óitkeni, Resey búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary jyldan jylgha Kaspiyge qúyatyn ózenderdin, Edil men Jayyqtyn, basqa da kishigirim ózenderding de tartylyp bara jatqanyn habarlauda. Sonymen qatar, Edil ózenining boyynda Kaspiyge deyin on iri su qoymasy baryn bilemiz. Osynyng bәrin eskere kele Kaspiy tenizining bolashaghy da búlynghyrlanyp bara jatqanyn bayqaymyz. Basqa memleketterdi qaydam Kaspiyding tartyluy Qazaqstan ýshin, әsirese Manghystau ónirine ýlken ekonomikalyq shyghyn keltirude. Dәlirek aitsaq, Aqtau, Janaózen qalalary men basqa da eldi mekenderdi túshytylghan teniz suymen qamtamasyz etu isine, Aqtau men Qúryq teniz porttarynyn, Qashaghan múnay kenishining júmysyna kóptegen qiyndyqtar keltirude. Kaspiyding tartylu mәselesin Qazaqstan jaghalaudaghy basqa da kórshi memleketterding ghalymdarymen birlesip zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizude. Preziydent tapsyrmasyna sәikes Ýkimet Kaspiy tenizining ghylymiy-zertteu institutyn qúru turaly qauly qabyldady. Áriyne múnyng bәri Kaspiydi sumen toltyrmaydy, búlar mәselening sheshiluine tek qana janama kómek kórsetui mýmkin. Bizding oiymyzsha býgingi kýni Kaspiydi qútqaru ýshin naqty qadam, ol birtalay uaqyttan beri aitylyp, biraq naqty sheshim qabyldanbay jýrgen Kaspiy men Azov tenizderin baylanystyratyn Evraziya kanalynyng salynuy. Ol birinshiden, Kaspiy tenizining dengeyin kóteruge әser etse, ekinshiden, Qazaqstandy Azov tenizi, Qara teniz jәne Jerorta tenizderi arqyly dýniyejýzilik múhittargha shyghugha mýmkindik berip, respublikanyng geosayasy jaghdayyn kýrt jaqsartady. Belgili әlem sarapshylary Evraziya kanaly jobasy iske asqan jaghdayda, ol «Sues kanalyna bәsekeles bola alady» degen de pikir aituda.

Jogharyda aitylghan úsynys, pikirlerding bәri mening su sharuashylyghy salasynyng ardageri retinde aityp otyrghan jeke pikirim. Tiyisti memlekettik organdar qajet dep tapsa kónil audaryp nazarlaryna alar. Ne bolghanda da syrttan bireu kelip mәselemizdi sheshedi dep qol qusyryp otyrugha bolmaydy dep oilaymyn. Búlardyng bәri Qazaqstannyng jeke sheshetin mәseleleri emes, ol kórshi tuysqan eldermen birlesip, ortaq sheshimin taabatyn mәseleler.

Sәmet Yqylasúly,

su sharuashylyghy salasynyng ardageri.

Abai.kz