Krepostnoe pravo (krepostnichestvo) — (Reseydegi XIX ghasyrdyng ortasyna deyinghy ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik jýie), onda derevnya halqy, yaghny krepostnye krestiyane (krepostnoy kréstiyaniyn), jer iyesi boyaringe tәueldi bolyp, onyng erkine jәne onyng sheshimderine esh uaqytta qarsy kele almaghan.

Osy jýiening ayasynda krepostyq orys sharuasynyng kýndelikti ómiri, túrmys-tirshiligi, әleumettik qatynastary men tildik túrghydan qaraghanda, derevnyada túratyn qarapayym halyqtyn, tilimen tyghyz boldy. Degenimen de, “aghylshyn tilde sóileytin krepostnye” siyaqty karikaturaly iydeyamyz bolmasa da, naqty súraq - olar qay tilde sóilegen, olardyng tilderi qanday erekshelikterge ie bolghan, resmy tilmen, jazba tilmen qarym-qatynasy qalay órbigen. Mine, qúrmetti oqyrmandarym, tómende osy súraqqa jan-jaqty taldau jýrgizip, krepostyq túrghyndarynyng tildik jaghdayyn qarastyramyz.

Resey imperiyasy XIX ghasyrda keng aumaqty alyp jatty - Evropa bóliginen, Sibir, Kavkaz, Orta Aziya, Finlyandiya, Polisha aimaqtary osy imperiyagha qarasty boldy. Halyq san aluan etnikalyq toptardan túrdy: orys júrty, ukraindar (“malorossiyane”), belorustar, chuvash, bashqúrttar, finn-ugor halyqtary jәne Kavkaz halyqtary, sonymen qatar Orta Aziyada týrki tildes halyqtar men basqalar meken etti.

Árbir osynday jergilikti halyqtyng aumaqtarynda krepostyq orys sharualary, etnikalyq tilde: әriyne, orys tilinde emes yaghny aitqanda, sol jergilikti júrttyng tilining dialektilerimen aralasqan týrinde sóilegen. Mysaly, ukrain (malorossiyan) auyldary, belorus halyqtary, nemese Orta Aziyada týrki tildes halyqtar bolsa, orystyng krepostyq sharualary sol tilderde sóilegen.

Alayda HHI-XIX ghasyrlardyng ortasyna deyingi Reseyding Evropalyq bóliginde, әsirese orystar kóp shoghyrlanghan aimaqtarda, krepostyq sharualar kóbine auyzsha orys tilining dialektilerinde sóilegen. Búl olardyng ana tili nemese ekinshi tili bolu mýmkin. Mysaly: orta Resey (Moskov, Vladimiyr, Yaroslavli, Nijniy Novgorod jәne basqa guberniyalarda) krepostyq derevnya túrghyndary orys tilining jergilikti aglomerattalghan dialektilerinde sóilegen, grammatikada, sóz baylyghynda keybir arhaizmder men jergilikti erekshelikter boluy mýmkin.

Jazba tildik qatynastarda (salyq jarlyqtary, mindetter, jer iyesimen hat almasu, jergilikti sot isi), jarlyq tilderi qoldanylghan. Ol kóbine joghary әleumettik toptargha, auqatty derevnyalargha, ýlken sharuashylyqtargha tәn bolghan.

Krepostyq sharualar arasynda sóileu tili de aimaqtyq erekshelikterge óte tәueldi bolghan, әri olar kóbine “aymaqtyq oryssha” (regionalinye dialekty russkogo yazyka) nemese sol halyqtyng tilining elementterimen (qaryz sózder, grammatikalyq qúrylymdar) aralasqan.

Qazaq tilinde de, yaghny aitqanda týrki tilinde de krepostyq sharualar arasynda kezdesetin týrki sózderi nemese sóz konstruksiyalary boluy mýmkin.

Imperiyanyng shekaralas, etnikalyq aralas aimaqtarynda krepostyq sharualar birneshe tilde sóilegen: Ukrain hutorlarynda - ukrain tili (malorusskiy) keng qoldanylghan.

Polisha, Finlyandiya, Kavkaz, Orta Aziya siyaqty ólkelerde - etnikalyq sany kem krepostyq sharualar, kóbinese sol jergilikti halyqtyng sózdermen baytylghan orys sózimen qarym-qatynas jasaghan.

Qoryta kelgende, taldap aitarymyz, krepostyq Reseyde derevnya túrghyndary, yaghny krepostyq orys sharualary, ukraiyn, belorus, týrki tilderi, sonday-aq kavkaz tilderimen bayytylghan orys tilinde sóilegen.

Romanovtar әuletining ýsh ghasyrlyq biyliginde (1613–1917 jj.) Resey imperiyasynda memlekettik is jýrgizu tili fransuz tili bolghan. Al, orys tili tómengi tap krepostyq qúldardyng tili bolghan.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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