Qazaq әdebiyetining tarihynda halyqqa jan-tәnimen qyzmet etken, balalargha óleng arnaghan, elding auyz әdebiyetin jinap, keler úrpaqqa jetkizgen biregey túlghalar az emes. Solardyng ishinde erekshe orny bar, úrpaq tәrbiyesine ólsheusiz ýles qosqan qalamger – Ótebay Túrmanjanov.

Biyl aqynnyng tughanyna 120 jyl tolyp otyr. Búl – qazaq ruhaniyaty ýshin ýlken mereyli beles. Sebebi, Túrmanjanov eng aldymen balalardyng jan serigi bola bildi, al halyq danalyghyn jinaqtap, qúndy múra qaldyrdy. Onyng qalamynan tughan tuyndylar býgingi jas buyn ýshin de qúndylyghyn joyghan joq.

Ótebay Túrmanjanov 1905 jyly Týrkistan ónirinde, kedey sharua otbasynda dýniyege kelgen. Balalyq shaghy qiyndyqqa toly boldy. Jastayynan enbekke aralasyp, joqshylyqty kórse de, bilimge degen qúshtarlyghy basym edi. Áueli auyl moldasynan hat tanyp, keyin Tashkent qalasynda bilimin jalghastyrdy. Oqugha degen yntasy onyng bolashaghyn aiqyndap berdi. Jastayynan әdebiyetke әuestenip, el arasyndaghy jyr-dastandardy tyndap ósti. Búl yqpal onyng shygharmashylyqqa bet búruyna negiz boldy.

1920 jyldardyng basynda-aq ol óleng jaza bastaydy. Alghashqy ólenderi sol kezdegi merzimdi basylymdarda jaryq kórip, jas aqynnyng talantyn tanytty. Ótebaydyng әdeby ortagha kelui qazaq mәdeniyeti ýshin ýlken janalyq boldy. Onyng alghashqy ólenderinde kedeylerding túrmysy, oqu-bilimge shaqyru, jana qogham qúrugha degen senim aiqyn kórinis tapty.

1920–1930 jyldary ol «Enbekshi qazaq», «Jana әdebiyet» sekildi basylymdargha belsendi qatysyp, ólenderimen oqyrmanyn tapty. Osy tústa aqynnyng balalargha arnalghan alghashqy shygharmalary jaryq kórdi.Balalar әdebiyeti – Ótebay Túrmanjanov shygharmashylyghynyng altyn arqauy. Ol jasóspirimderge arnalghan ólenderinde olardyng týsinigine jenil, jýregine jaqyn beyneler jasady. Balalargha arnaghan ólenderi «Balalargha bazarlyq», «Jyl qústary», «Jana kitap», «Qarlyghash» sekildi jinaqtarynda toptastyryldy. Búl jinaqtarda tabighat kórinisteri, jan-januarlar beynesi, enbekke baulu, dostyq pen izgilik iydeyalary keninen qamtyldy.

Ólenderinen mysal keltireyik: aqyn bir shumaqta tabighattyng súlulyghyn surettep, balanyng kónilin kóterse, kelesi óleninde enbekting qadirin ýiretedi. Mysaly, «Janbyr» óleninde tabighattyng qúbylysy beynelense, «Ara» atty óleninde kishkentay enbekqor jәndikting әreketi arqyly balany enbekke baulidy.

Ótebay Túrmanjanov – halyq auyz әdebiyetining ýlken janashyry. Ol halqymyzdyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan danalyghyn, ertegilerin, maqal-mәtelderin jinaqtap, keler úrpaqqa jetkizdi. Aqynnyng eng iri enbekterining biri – «Qazaq maqal-mәtelderi» jinaghy. Búl kitap qazaqtyng túrmys-tirshiligine qatysty myndaghan danalyq sózdi qamtidy. Ár maqal-mәtel – halyqtyng ómir tәjiriybesining ainasy. Odan bólek, ol kóptegen ertegilerdi jinap, qayta óndep, balalargha týsinikti tilde jetkizdi. «Altyn saqa», «Ertegiler», «Anyzdar» jinaqtary osynyng aighaghy. Osy enbegi arqyly ol últtyq mәdeniyetting asyl qazynalaryn saqtap qana qoyghan joq, ony jas úrpaqtyng sanasyna sinirdi.

Balalar әdebiyetinen bólek, Túrmanjanovtyng poemalary men lirikalyq ólenderi de bar. Onyng shygharmalary kóbine enbek adamyn, auyl tirshiligin, jana qogham qúru isin suretteydi. Aqyn ómirding kólenkeli jaqtaryn da ainalyp ótpey, halyqtyng múnyn jyrlady. «Enbek erleri», «Jana ómir jyry» sekildi ólenderi enbek pen birlikting qúndylyghyn dәriptedi.

Ótebay Túrmanjanov artyna mol múra qaldyrdy. Onyng shygharmalary býginde mektep oqulyqtaryna engizilip, jas buyngha tәrbie berude. Ásirese, tabighat turaly ólenderi oqushylardyng әdebiyetke degen qyzyghushylyghyn oyatady. Balalar onyng ólenderinen quanysh tauyp, ómirding qarapayym zandylyqtaryn týsinedi. Al maqal-mәtelder jinaghy – halyq pedagogikasynyng mәngilik kitaby.

Ótebay Túrmanjanov – qazaq әdebiyetining altyn qoryna esimi mәngi jazylghan qalamger. Ol – balalar әdebiyetining irgetasyn qalaushy, halyq múrasyn jinap, úrpaqqa jetkizgen janashyr, qogham ómirine ýn qosqan aqyn. Biylghy 120 jyldyq – onyng mol múrasyn úrpaqqa qayta janghyrtyp, әdebiyetimizding damuyna qosqan ýlesin aiqyndaytyn ýlken mýmkindik. «Aqyn ólmeydi, artynda qalghan sózi ólmeydi» deydi halyq. Ótebay Túrmanjanovtyng sózi – mәngilik, onyng múrasy – qazaq әdebiyetining mәngi shamshyraghy.

Baghlan Tashimov

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