Kaspiy astyndaghy tonneli jәne kópir: Euraziyanyng jana kýretamyry

I. Kaspiyding arghy jaghyndaghy mýmkindik

XXI ghasyr – qúrlyqtar arasyndaghy kýretamyr joldardyng ghasyry. Bir zamandarda Qytaydan shyqqan jibek keruenderi myndaghan shaqyrymdyq dala joldaryn kesip ótip, Europagha órkeniyet dәnin jetkizgen edi.

Qazir sol tarihy dәstýr janasha sipat alyp otyr:

jer ýstimen, teniz astymen, aspanmen jәne aqparattyq kenistik arqyly ótetin jana kólik dәlizderi adamzattyng ekonomikalyq tamyryn qayta qalyptastyruda.

Osy ýderisting jýreginde – Kaspiy tenizi.

Batysta – Kavkaz ben Týrkiya arqyly Europa, shyghysta – Qytay men Ortalyq Aziya, al ortasynda – Qazaqstan men Ázerbayjan.

Ekeuining arasyndaghy su kenistigi býginde jana tarihy missiyany moynyna alghaly túr – Kaspiy astyndaghy tonneli men ýstindegi kópir qúrylysy.

II. Geosayasy kontekst jәne jana Jibek joly

Kaspiy óniri býginde tórt baghyttyng qiylysynda túr:

1. Soltýstik baghyt – Resey arqyly ótetin dәstýrli temir jol jelisi;
2. Ontýstik baghyt – Iran men Parsy shyghanaghyna tartylatyn joldar;
3. Batys baghyt – Kavkaz–Týrkiya–Europa dәlizi;
4. Shyghys baghyt – Qytay men Ortalyq Aziya jelisi.

Búlardyng bәrin týiistiretin orta dәliz (Trans-Caspian International Transport Route – TITR) býginde әlemdik logistikanyng strategiyalyq balamasyna ainalyp otyr.

2024 jyly búl dәlizben 3,2 million tonna jýk ótken bolsa, sarapshylar 2030 jylgha qaray onyng jyldyq ótkizu quaty 15–18 mln tonnagha jetetinin boljaydy.

Alayda búl kórsetkishti eselep arttyru ýshin Kaspiy tenizindegi tasymaldyng tәueldiligin azaytyp, túraqty, jyl on eki ay júmys isteytin infraqúrylym qajet.

Mine, sol mindetti Kaspiy astyndaghy tonneli men ýstindegi kópir jobasy atqara alady.

III. Tehnologiyalyq ýlgi jәne әlemdik tәjiriybe

Múnday jobalar әlemde búryn da jýzege asqan.

Japoniyadaghy Seykan tonneli – 54 km, teniz astynda 23 km.

Angliya men Fransiyany jalghaghan “Channel Tunnel” – 50 km, Europany biriktirgen strategiyalyq nysan.

Týrkiyadaghy Marmaray tonneli – Euraziya qúrlyghyn temir jolmen qosqan alghashqy suasty dәlizi.

Kaspiy jobasy da osy tәjiriybelerge sýienip jasalmaq.

Boljamdy úzyndyghy – 60–70 km, onyng 30 shaqyrymy su astymen ótedi.

Jobanyng bastapqy qúny – 9–12 milliard dollar shamasynda.

Investisiya kózi retinde Qytay, Týrkiya, AQSh jәne Europalyq qayta qúru banki tarapynan qarjy qatysuy qarastyryluy mýmkin.

Búl tek jol emes, energiya, derekter men kommunikasiya jelisin biriktiretin keshen bolady.

Tonneli ishinde:

Temir jol magistrali,

Avtoban dәlizi,

Talshyqty-optikalyq internet jelisi,

Elektr quatyn tasymaldau jýiesi qatar salynuy mýmkin.

IV. Qazaqstan ýshin jana dәuirding bastauy

Qazaqstannyng geografiyalyq artyqshylyghy – qúrlyq ortasynda ornalasqan “qúrlyq porty” boluynda.

Alayda tenizge tikeley shygha almauy elding logistikalyq әleuetin úzaq uaqyt tejep keldi.

Kaspiy astyndaghy tonneli – osy mәselening týiinin sheshetin tarihy joba.

Artyqshylyqtary:

Aqtau porty tolyqqandy tranzittik “habqa” ainalady;

Qazaqstan arqyly ótetin jýk kólemi 2–3 esege artady;

Logistika, keden, jóneltu, servis salasynda jýzdegen jana júmys orny ashylady;

Jana “jyldam poyyz” jәne “jasyl avtoban” jobalarynyng negizi qalanady.

Boljam boyynsha, Kaspiy dәlizi iske qosylghan alghashqy bes jylda Qazaqstan budjetine jylyna 3–4 mlrd dollar tikeley kiris týsui mýmkin.

V. Euraziya jýregindegi geoekonomikalyq toghys

Kaspiy jobasy iske asqan jaghdayda:

Qytaydyng “Bir beldeu – bir jol” bastamasy orta dәliz arqyly naqty nәtiyjege ie bolady;

AQSh pen Europa búl baghyt arqyly Qytay naryghyna jana sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq balama jol tabady;

Týrkiya men Ázerbayjan Euraziyalyq dәlizding batys qaqpasyna ainalady;

Qazaqstan bolsa, shyghys qaqpa men ortalyq kópirding mindetin qatar atqarady.

Múnyng barlyghy elding ekonomikalyq egemendigin kýsheytip, aimaqtyq yqpalyn jana dengeyge shygharady.

VI. Qorytyndy jәne bolashaq kókjiyegi

Kaspiyding astyna salynatyn tonneli men ýstine boy kóteretin kópir – tek injenerlik emes, órkeniyettik joba.

Búl joba jýzege asqan sәtte Qazaqstan әlemdik logistika jýiesinde “ótpeli kópir” emes, negizgi arna rólin iyelenedi.

Ejelgi “Jibek jolynyn” 124 tarmaghynyng biri emes,

jana dәuirding basty kýretamyry – “Kaspiy dәlizi” bolmaq.

Býgin ol әli qaghazda, biraq erteng ol geoekonomikalyq shyndyqqa ainaluy әbden mýmkin.

Bastysy – elding parasat payymy men batyl sheshim qabyldau qabileti.

Ermahan Qalmyrza

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