Meni songhy kezderi әlem әdebiyeti sujetterindegi úqsas motivter mәseleleri qyzyqtyratyn bolyp jýr. Mysalgha, Gogoliding «Taras Bulibasy» men qazaq әdebiyetindegi ortaq mәselelerge toqtalsaq.

Gogoliding «Taras Bulibasynda» jaudan qashyp kele jatyp, joldan týsirip alghan temeki trubkasyna serikterimen qayta oralatyn sәti bar ghoy. Osy jerde qayran er ajal qúshady. Qazaq әdebiyeti mysalynda jauynger jyrau Dospambet jaudy jenip kele jatyp, artta týsirip alghan qamshysyna qayta búrylatyny bar. Osy jerde andyp otyrghan kýshi basym dúshpan jalghyz qalghan jyraugha tap berip, qapiyada qaza tabady. Búl jayly jyrau:

Qaraghayly kódik boyynda

Qamshym qaldy oiynda

Shyrmauyghy – altyn, saby –jez

Býldirgesi búlan terisi

Órimi qúnan pilding qayysy – dep, sipattaytyny bar.

Jyrau basyndaghy osy qayghyly jaydy Qyrym noghaylary arasynan akademiyk, týrkolog V.V.Radlov jazyp alady.

Salystyrsaq: Taras Buliba týsirip alghan trubkasy ýshin keri oralyp, jau qolyna týsedi, al Dospambet te týsip qalghan qamshysyna oralghanda, andyp túrghan dúshpandardyng toryna tútylady.

Ekinshi úqsastyq: bireuining úly jau qyzyna ghashyq bolyp, solardyng jaghyna shyghyp ketedi. Ekinshisining de inisi jau qyzyn sýiip qalyp, solardyng jaghyna shyghady. Ayyrmashylyghy: birinde balasy, ekinshisinde inisi. Biraq, búl eleusiz ghana aiyrmashylyq. Úly bola ma, inisi bola ma ekeui de jaqyn adamdar. Taras Buliba da, Batyr Bayan da tughandaryn otan, el, últ aldyndaghy paryzdaryn joghary qoyghandyqtan qatal ýkimge baryp, óz qoldarymen óltiredi. Qatal da bolsa, әdil jaza! Olar pendelik sezimge berilmeydi. Ýlken paryz aldynda adamdyq biyik qalyptaryn saqtaydy. Arlaryna daq týsirmeydi. Namysty joghary qoyady. Al, osy bizderding aralarymyzgha kirshik týsken joq pa?! Bizder ne istep jýrmiz osy?!

Keyde әlem әdebiyetindegi sujetterding motivterindegi ortaq sipat, úqsas jayttardy kórip, tanghalyp jatatynym bar. Mysalgha basty keyipkerlerding otan aldyndaghy paryzy, últtyq mýddeni qatang ústanuy kóptegen shygharmalargha ózek bolyp tartylypty. Kóbine Otan aldyndaghy paryzyn úmytyp ketip jatatyn úldaryna ýkimdi әkeleri shygharypty. Bylay qarasan, qatal da әdil ýkim! Otan aldyndaghy, últ aldyndaghy sayasi, iydeologiyalyq mýdde aldyndaghy adaldyqty, kózding qarashyghynday kóbine әkeler qorghapty. Voliterding 1730 jyly jazylghan «Brut» tragediyasynyng basty keyipkeri – respublikashyl Brut. Ol despot – patsha Tarkviniyany qúlatugha belsendi aralasady. Áke jolymen jýrgen Tit te qolbasshy retinde otan mýddesin qorghaydy. Brut pen Titting patriottyq sezimderi ýlken syngha týsedi. Tit Tarkviniyanyng qyzy Tuliyge ghashyq bop qap, sezimge boy aldyrady. Qúlay sýiip, sýiispenshilik órtine shalynady. «Tabighilyq» «qoghamdyqtan» ýstem bolyp, saltanat qúryp, ol satqyn atanady. Senat sheshimimen úlyna degen jazalau sheshimin Brut ózi atqarady.

Fransuz jazushysy Prosper Meriymening 1829 jyly jazylghan «Mateo Falikone» degen klassikalyq novellasy bar. Novellanyng basty keyipkeri – klassikalyq sharua – Mateo Falikone. Mateo Falikonening ýiine polisiyadan qashyp jýrgen bir bandit kelip tyghylady. Korsikalyqtardyng әdet-ghúrpy boyynsha jau ma, bandit pe, kim bolsa ol bolsyn, qonaq bolyp esepteledi. Korsikalyqtardyng meymandos, qonaqjaylyq ghúrpy osynday. Osy ghúrypty Mateonyng on jasar úly Fortunato búzady. Polisiya serjanty Teodoro Gambanyng on eku túratyn kýmis saghatyna qyzyghyp, ózi ýuli maya shópke jasyrghan Djanetto Sanipero degen banditti soldattargha (volitiyjer otryadyna) ústap beredi. Balasynyng satqyndyghyn estip, yza qysqan, nazalanghan Mateo Falikone ózi ýkim shygharyp, balasyn atyp óltiredi. Qatang ýkim, qatal jaza! Amal ne?! Biraq Falikonege balasynyng ómirinen góri, әdet-ghúryp, namys, ar qymbat. Sondyqtan da ol balalyqpen dýniyege qyzyqqan ghoy dep, ózin aldarqatpay qatang jaza kesedi. Áyeli Djuzeppanyng emirenip, eljirep, janashyrlyqpen kómek, keshirim súraghanyna qaramaydy. Qataldyq! Qataldyq bolsa da taghylymdy ónege!

Taghy bir oqigha – orystyng úly jazushysy Gogoliding «Taras Buliba» povesining basty keyipkeri Taras Bulibanyng basynda bolghan oqigha. Onyng Ostap jәne Andriy degen eki úly boldy. Ostap ýlkeni, Andriy kishisi. Ekeui de Kiyevtegi uchiliyshede (Bursada) oqityn shәkirtter bolatyn. Olar әkesi Tarastyng joryqtaryna qatysty. Polyaktyng Lubna qalasynda Andriy jaudyng qyzyna ghashyq bolyp, qúlay sýiedi. Polyak aruynyng kelbetine arbalyp, jau jaghyna shyghady. Kazaktargha qarsy gusarlar polkyn bastap shyghady. Aqyry Taras polkynyng sarbazdary ony qolgha týsiredi. Balasynyng ýkimin ózi shygharyp, Taras óz qolymen Andriydi atyp óltiredi. Artynda: «Ózim jarattym, endi óz qolymmen óltiremin!», - degen әigili sózi qaldy. Otan aldyndaghy paryzdy tereng týsingen әke qatal ýkimdi jýregi qalt etpey oryndady. Jazushy: «Andriy ólgende de әdemi, súlu qalpynda, qasy qiylyp jatty», - dep suretteydi.

Jazushy M.Sholohovtyng «Áke» әngimesinde aq әskerining soldaty bolghan әke, qolgha týsken qyzyl әsker úlyn qashyryp jibermey óz qolymen atyp, ýkimdi oryndaydy. Taghy da ar, namys, paryz.

Qazaq aqyny M.Júmabaevtyng «Batyr Bayan» poemasynda qalmaq qyzyna ghashyq bop, sonymen birge jau jaghyna qashyp bara jatqan inisi Noyandy aghasy Bayan quyp jetip, sadaqpen atyp óltiredi. Jýregi qan jylaghanymen, qatal ýkimdi óz qolymen atqarady. Tughan bauyrynyng ómirinen góri, Otan, el, úyat aldyndaghy paryz ýstem shyqsa kerek. Maghjan shygharmasynda әkening ornyna ýkimdi aghasy oryndaydy. Ayyrmashylyq sonda ghana. Biraq búdan eshtene ózgerip túrghan joq. Ákesi bola ma, aghasy bola ma, inisi bola ma, balasy bola ma, bәribir. Otan, el aldyndaghy paryz ýshin tughandaryn qatal ýkimge kesip, jazalaydy.

Álemdik sujetterdegi osynday úqsas motivter tereng oigha jeteleydi. Auyr sezimderge boy aldyryp, qalyng oy túnghiyghyna batyrady.

Sәbit Jәmbek f.gh.k.,

Sh.Uәlihanov atyndaghy KMU professory

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