Alakól – ainalayyn jyraq túrghan,
Men Jýsip, óleng sózdi qúrastyrghan.
Ayaqty isik shalyp, etik simay,
Suyna em bolar dep kelip túrghan.
At arbagha tanylyp, әreng jettim,
Arqada zalal qylyp bir antúrghan,

- depti, óz zamanynda, shipaly kólge
em alugha kelgen, arqanyng seri jigiti

Jýsip Baynazarúly.

Osy Alakólding jaghasyna, óz zamanynda jonghar - qalmaqpen soghysqan elimizding úly batyry Er Qabanbay, shayqasta jaralanghan sarbazdaryn kól suyna alyp kelip, biraz kýn qaldyryp ketedi eken. Qylysh shapqan, nayza jyrghan, jebe tiygen jaraly sarbazdar, sudyn shipasymen qaytadan tik túryp, qatargha qosylatyn kórinedi. Kólding erekshe qasiyetin, sol zamannyng ózinde- aq qalyng qazaq bilgenge úqsaydy.

Alakól – túzdy, aghynsyz kól. Ásemdigimen kónilge quanysh úyalatatyn ol teniz dengeyinen 347 metr biyikte ornalasqan. Úzyndyghy 104, eni 52 shaqyrymdy qúraydy. Alakólde demalys oryndarynyng kóptep ornalasuy – suynyng miyneraldargha toly boluynda. Onyng qúramynda Mendeleev kestesindegi elementterding kóbi kezdesedi. Qúramy jaghynan Kanadanyng ataqty Atabaska kóline jәne Qara tenizge jaqyn.

Suynyng jazdyq ortasha temperaturasy – 27 gradus. Sudaghy miyneraldar tynys alu mýsheleri, búlshyq et, jýike jýiesi aurularymen qosa, teri aurularynda, radikuliyt, ókpe, obyr auruynyng eng alghashqy kezeninde ong yqpal etip, jazylugha jaghday tudyrady.

Men, mektepte tómengi synypta oqyp jýrgenimde, jaqsy oqyghandardy osy Alakólge alyp kelushi edi. Kóp alys emes. Sonda kólding jaghasynda gharyshkerlerding aghashtan qiilastyryp salghan eki qabatty demalys ýii túrushedi. Múghalimimiz ýiding qasyna alyp kelip, bizge gharyshkerler týraly týsinikteme beretin. Sonan keyin, ýiding qabyrghasyn sipandar deytin. – Sonda, sender de ýlkeygende osynday gharyshker bolasyndar -, deushi edi. Biz qabyrghany quana sipap, sodan keyin ýstimizdi sipaytynbyz. Qatty quanatynbyz.

Sonymen, ary kettik.

Qazaqstan men Qyrghyzstan aumaghynda ornalasqan Alakól men Ystyqkól – Ortalyq Aziyanyng tabighy jauharlary. Ekeui de ózining kórkem tabighatymen, emdik qasiyetimen jәne turistik әleuetimen erekshelenedi. Alayda, syrtqa úqsas bolyp kóringenimen, búl eki kólding tabighy bolmysy, jaghrapiyalyq ornalasuy, su qúramy men klimattyq erekshelikteri aitarlyqtay ózgeshe. Osy túrghydan alghanda, Alakól men Ystyqkólding aiyrmashylyqtaryn zerdeleu – tek jaghrapiya nemese turizm ýshin ghana demeyik, tabighat qúbylystaryn týsinu ýshin de manyzdy.

Eng aldymen, jaghrapiyalyq ornalasuyna nazar audarayyq. Alakól Qazaqstannyng shyghys bóliginde, Almaty jәne Abay oblystarynyng shekarasynda ornalasqan. Ol Jetisu Alatauy men Tarbaghatay jotalarynyng aralyghyndaghy oipatta jatyr. Al Ystyqkól Qyrghyzstan aumaghynda, Tyani-Shani taularynyng ortasynda ornalasqan biyik tauly kól bolyp tabylady. Búl aiyrmashylyq olardyng tabighy jaghdaylaryna tikeley әser etedi. Alakól teniz dengeyinen shamamen 347 metr biyiktikte ornalassa, Ystyqkólding biyiktigi 1600 metrden asady. Demek, Ystyqkól – әldeqayda biyik tauly aimaqta jatqan kól.

Kólderding kólemi men terendigi de birdey emes. Alakólding audany shamamen 2650 sharshy shaqyrym bolsa, Ystyqkólding aumaghy 6200 sharshy shaqyrymnan asady. Yaghny Ystyqkól kólemi jaghynan eki eseden astam ýlken. Terendigine kelsek, Alakólding eng tereng jeri shamamen 54 metrge jetse, Ystyqkólding terendigi 600 metrden asady. Búl kórsetkishter Ystyqkólding tek kólemi emes, jaghrapiyalyq qúrylymy jaghynan da aitarlyqtay erekshelenetinin kórsetedi.

Sol sekildi, su qúramy men qasiyetteri túrghysynan da aiyrmashylyq aiqyn bayqalady. Alakólding suy túzdy әri miyneraldargha óte bay keledi. Onyng qúramynda emdik qasiyeti bar elementter kóp bolghandyqtan, teri aurularyna, buyn syrqattaryna shipa retinde keninen qoldanylady. Alakólding suy men qara balshyghy halyq medisinasynda da joghary baghalanady. Al Ystyqkólding suy sәl túzdy bolghanymen, ol Alakólge qaraghanda әldeqayda júmsaq әri móldir. Ystyqkólding basty ereksheligi – onyng suy qysta qatpaydy. Búl qúbylys kólding atauyna da negiz bolghan: «Ystyqkól» – «jyly kól» degen maghynany bildiredi.

Klimattyq erekshelikter de búl eki kólding aiyrmashylyghyn aiqynday týsedi. Alakól manynda kontiynenttik klimat basym: jazy ystyq, qysy suyq әri jeldi. Búl ónirde әsirese «Ebi jeli» dep atalatyn qatty jel jii soghady. Al Ystyqkólding klimaty júmsaqtau. Tauly aimaqta ornalasqandyqtan, jaz mezgili salqyndau, al qys mezgili asa qatal emes. Kólding qatpauyna da osy júmsaq klimat pen sudyng túzdylyghy әser etedi.

Tabighy landshaft pen qorshaghan orta da eki kóldi ózara ereksheleydi. Ásirese, Alakól qoryghy siyrek kezdesetin qústarymen tanymal. Búl jerde әlemde anda-sanda kezdesetin relikt shaghala úyalaydy. Al Ystyqkólding ainalasy orman alqaptary, alipilik shalghyndar men qarly shyndar ýilesim tapqan.

Turizm túrghysynan qaraghanda da aiyrmashylyqtar bar. Alakól songhy jyldary Qazaqstan azamattary ýshin qoljetimdi әri tanymal demalys ornyna ainaldy. Múnda infraqúrylym birtindep damyp keledi, demalys bazalary, pansionattar kóbeygen.

Taghy bir manyzdy aiyrmashylyq – ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny manyzy. Alakól Qazaqstan ýshin ishki turizmdi damytuda manyzdy ról atqarady. Ol – halyqtyng densaulyghyn jaqsartugha arnalghan tabighy shipajaylardyng biri. Al Ystyqkól Qyrghyzstan ekonomikasynyng negizgi turistik ortalyqtarynyng biri sanalady. Búl kól elding halyqaralyq dengeyde tanyluyna yqpal etip otyr.

Sonymen qatar, ekologiyalyq jaghday nazar audarudy talap etedi. Alakól aimaghynda songhy jyldary turister sanynyng artuy tabighy ortagha qysym týsirip otyr. Reseyding Altay ólkesi jәne Omby oblystarynyng túrghyndary tútasymen keledi. Sonday-aq, keyingi birneshe jyl kóleminde Qytaydyng Shynjan jaghynan da turister qaptap keletin boldy. Ótken jyldary osy Ýrjar jaghyna demalugha 10 miliongha taman demalushylar kelgen deydi. Ystyqkólde de ekologiyalyq problemalar bar, әsirese jaghalau aimaqtarynyng shamadan tys iygerilui tabighy tepe-tendikke әser etude. Sondyqtan eki kól ýshin de ekologiyany saqtau – basty mindetterding biri.

Qoryta aitqanda, Alakól men Ystyqkól – tabighattyng eki biregey tuyndysy. Biri – qasiyetti, shipaly, túzdy suymen erekshelense, ekinshisi – biyik tauly aimaqtaghy júmsaq klimatymen, móldir әri qatpaytyn suymen daralanady. Ekeui de óz elderi ýshin bagha jetpes baylyq әri turistik әleueti zor nysandar. Osy aiyrmashylyqtardy týsinu arqyly biz tek jaghrapiyalyq bilimimizdi keneytip qana qoymay, tabighatqa degen qúrmetimizdi de arttyra týsemiz.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

Abai.kz