Y. Altynsarinnyng 185 jyldyghyna arnalady!

ALTYNSARIN QYSTAUY: ARHIV QÚJATTARY MEN TARIHY DEREKTER, ZAMANDASTAR ESTELIKTERI

Patshalyq zamandaghy Torghay oblysy halyq mektepterining inspektory, aghartushy Ybyray Altynsariyn, shamamen, 1883-84 jyldary 20 jyldan artyq qyzmet atqarghan Torghay qalasynan tughan jeri Tobyl ólkesine túrghylyqty qonys audarugha bel buady. Dәl osy jyldary patsha ýkimeti Nikolaevsk  uezining ortalyghyn Troisk qalasynan Tobyl ózenining sol jaghalauyndaghy biyik jarqabaqta pereselender ýshin belgilengen jana qonys - Qostanaygha kóshirudi belsendi týrde jýzege asyryp jatqan edi. Búl orayda uezding әkimshilik qyzmetkerlerimen qatar Troisk qalasynda 1861 jyldan beri júmys jasap kele jatqan uezdik 2 synyptyq orys-qazaq mektebine jana ortalyqtan ghimarat salyp kóshirip alu jospary da kýn tәrtibinde túrdy.

Inspektor Y. Altynsarin tughan jerge oraludyng sәtti orayy kelgenin bayqap (aghartushynyng Torghaydaghy qyzmeti kezinde tughan jerine nemese oghan jaqyn Troiski qalasyna qonys auystyru turaly niyeti bolghanyn onyng epistolyarlyq múralarynan bayqaladydy), tirligi qyzghan Qostanay qalasyna kóship keledi. Eti tiri, kóregen basshy retinde ol ózine tiyisti bilim salanyng qam-qareketin jana qalanyng tynys-tirshiligimen tyghyz baylanystyra biledi.

Aghartushynyng kózin kórgen, onymen jaqyn aralasqan kuәgerlerding – N.Iliminskiy, Gh. Balghymbaev, F. Sokolovtardyng jazuynsha, ol Qostanay qalasynyng irgesine (3-4 verst qashyqtyqqa) qonystanyp, onda dýniyeden ozghansha (1889 j) túraqtaydy. Sol ýide qaytys bolyp qystaudyng janyndaghy  atasy Balghoja biyding qorymyna jerlenedi. Demek, aghartushynyng qystau ýii qayda ornalasqan bolsa, onyng beyiti de sol jerding manynda bolghandyghy ainymas aqiqat.

Býgingi tanda, kenes zamanynda jergilikti ólketanushylardyng izdenisterining negizinde 1947 jyldan bastap qalyptasqan payym boyynsha, aghartushynyng qystauy Tobyl ózenining arghy betine, qala irgesinen edәuir alys, shóp-shalghyny mol ong jaghalaugha ornalasqan (qalanyng túsynda Tobyl ózenining qala túrghan sol jaghalauy – biyik jarqabaq, ong jaq jaghalauy – birsydyrghy tegis oipatty jer). Búl payymdy kenestik atqaru jәne partiya organdary qyzu qoldaydy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde «kenestik shyndyqqa» qapysyz senetin jәne oghan kýmәn keltirmeytin qalyng búqaranyng sana-sezimine atalghan shyndyq ornyqty.

Mif qalyptastyrudyng has sheberindey bolghan kenestik biylik dәuirinde oryn alghan sol bir qatelik tәuelsizdik kezeninde de ózgere qoymady. Búl mәseleni biz songhy 5-6 jyl kóleminde kóterip kelemiz (Qaranyz: Ybyray Altynsarin qayda jerlengen? https://abai.kz/post/138344; Altynsarinnyng otbasylyq sureti qayda týsirilgen?: https://abai.kz/post/137404; Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy turaly mәlimet saqtalghan resmy qújat tabyldy: https://abai.kz/post/186555). Múndaghy basty maqsat – tarihy shyndyqqa negizdelgen shynayy, tarihy tanymdy qalyng júrtshylyqtyng oi-sanasyna ornyqtyru.

Tobyl ózeni boyyndaghy Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy әu bastan Qostanay qalasynyng tarihymen tyghyz baylanysty boldy. Sondyqtan tarihy shyndyqqa qol jetkizu ýshin bizding tarapymyzdan Qostanay qalasy turaly arhivtik qújattar, aghartushy turaly zamanynda jazylghan tarihy derekter men kuәgerler estelikteri keshendi týrde qarastyrylyp, ondaghy mәlimetterdi ghylymy zertteulerge qoldanylatyn germenevtika jәne tarihiy-salystyrmaly әdis-tәsilder arqyly tәpsirleu jýzege asyryldy.

Búl orayda mynaday  arhivtik qújattary paydalanyldy:

1. Qostanay uezi basshysynyng agha kómekshisi, shtabs-rotmistr T. Seydalinning Torghay oblysy әskery general-gubernatoryna jazghan raporty (30-qazan 1879 j.);
2. Araqaraghay bolysy siyezining pereselender túraghyna – Qostanay qalasyna beriletin jerding shekarasyn belgileu turaly kelisim-sheshimi (1-mausym 1881 j.);
3. Qostanay qalasynyng túnghysh bas jospary (1896-1902 jj.);
4. Y. Altynsarinnyng shәkirti, 1886-1890 jyldary Qostanay uezdik orys-qazaq mektebinde kómekshi múghalim qyzmetin atqarghan Ghabdughaly (Ábdighali) Balghymbaevtyng arhiv qorynda saqtalghan qoljazbasy.

Búghan qosa aghartushynyng kózin kórgen әripteteri, zamandastary nemese oghan tuystyq túrghydan jaqyn kisilerding jazbalary men estelikterindegi tarihy derekter, merzimdi baspalardaghy aqparattar jәne ghylymy ekspedisiyalardyng materialdary paydalanyldy. Olardyng sapyna:

1. Qostanay uezdik orys-qazaq mektebining mengerushisi F. D. Sokolovtyng Y. Altynsarin turaly N.Iliminskiyge joldaghan esteligi (9-tamyz 1889 j.)
2. Qostanay uezi basshysy Kreysshmardyng (sәuir 1885 j.– qazan 1886 j.) atqosshysy Hasen Sәbitovtyng Y. Altynsarinnyng ýiinde qonaqta bolghany turaly esteligi;
3. «Turgayskaya gazeta» basylymynda 1896 jyldyng mausym aiynda jariyalanghan H. Qarjasovtyng (Kardjasov) maqalasy;
4. 1897 jyly Qazaq júrty qoldanysyndaghy artyq jerlerdi anyqtau maqsatynda Qostanay ueuinde jýrgizilgen Sherbina ekpedisiyasynyng qazaq qystaulary turaly derekteri;
5. Y. Altynsarinnyng jaqyn tuysy, belgili qazaq aqyny Mәriyam Hәkimjanovanyng jazbalaryndaghy dәlel-dәiektememeler jatady.

Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy turaly mәlimet tirkelgen arhivtik qújat Qostanay qalasy әli payda bolmaghan kezende-aq dýniyege kelgen. Ol qújat – 1879 jyldyng 30-qazanynda Nikolaevsk uezi basshysynyng agha kómekshisi, shtabs-rotmistr Tileumúhammed Seydalinning Torghay oblysy әskery general-gubernatory A.Konstintinovichke jazghan kólemdi resmy bayanhaty (raporty). Raport mazmúny general-gubernatordyng T. Seydalinge jýktegen jeke tapsyrmasynynyng oryndalu barysyna qúraldy.

1879 jyldyng tamyz aiynda әskery general-gubernator Torghay oblysy qúrylghan jyldary (1869-70) Nikolaevsk uezining ortalyghy bolady dep belgilengen Ordabay-toghaydy sanitarlyq-ekologiyalyq túrghydan qolaysyz sanap, Tobyl ózenining tómengi aghysymen jýrip otyryp Ordabay-toghay men Ómirtay qystauy arasyndaghy 18 shaqyrym jerde sholyp shyghady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde ol Nikolaevsk uezining ortalyghy bolatyn bolashaqtaghy jana qonystyng – Tobyl ózenining sol jaghalauyndaghy qystaqtyng (poseleniye) ornyn belgilep, sol jerde kimderding qystauy, onda qansha shanyraq jәne qysqy mezgilge qansha kólemde shóp azyghy dayyndalatynyn anyqtaudy T. Seydalinge jýkteydi. Oblys basshysyna búl mәlimet bolashaq qalanyng jerin qazaq bolystarynan alu qimyl-qareketine asa qajet bolady.

T. Seydalin jýktelgen tapsyrmanyng negizinde general-gubernator sholyp shyqqan Ordabay-toghay, Qostanay, Nartaylaq, Ómirtay qonystary ornalasqan 18 verst shaqyrymdyq jerding geografiyalyq jәne biologiyalyq erekshelikterin anyqtaydy. (Tolyghyraq: Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy turaly mәlimet saqtalghan resmy qújat tabyldy: https://abai.kz/post/186555). Sonymen qatar atalghan qonystarda kimning qystaulyq jeri ornalasqanyn, onda qansha shanyraq bar jәne qanday kólemde shóp dayyndalatynyn anyqtay kele, ózi jinaghan mәlimetterdi bir kestege toptastyrady. Ondaghy mәlimetter mynaday (keste 1):

Múndaghy mәlimetter qataryna «Ordabay-toghay»-dan «Qostanay ótkeli» qonysy aralyghyndaghy ornalasqan jeti qystaudyng 4-shi rettik sanynda «horunjiy Altynsariyn» qystauy, onda 2 shanyraq, ózenning eki jaghalauynan barlyghy 3000 shómele shóp dayyndalatyny turaly aqparat tirkelgen (suret 1).

Altynsarin qystauyndaghy eki shanyraq – Ybyraydy ózi jәne onyng bir anadan tughan bauyry Ospan Altynsarinnyng otbasy. Sonymen qatar Ordabay-toghay men Qostanay arasyndaghy 7 qystaudyng beseui Janbyrshy biyding úrpaqtary, yaghny Altynsarinnyng óte jaqyn tuystary ornalasqan. Búl sosium әkimshilik tizimde Araqaraghay bolysynyng №2 auyly dep belgilengen.

Avtor atalghan bayanhatqa qosymsha masshtaby 1 verst mejedegi kózben mólsherlengen josparyn (glazomernyy plan) tirkeydi. Ókinishke qaray, ol múraghatta saqtalmaghan. Biz Seydalin jazbasyndaghy mazmúndy 1896 jyly jasalghan Qostanay qalasynyng túnghysh josparynyng tabanyna salyp, ony sóz etip otyrghan mәsele shenberinde qayta qalpyna keltiruge úmtyldyq. Qalpyna keltirilgen syzbany bayanhattaghy jazba mәlimetter jәne Altynsarin qystauyna qatysty ózge múraghattyq derektermen tolyqtyryp, oghan býgingi tandaghy mazmúndar kiriktirildi(suret 2).

Joghalghan syzbany qalpyna keltiru barysynda bayanhatta atalghan qazaq qystaularynyng shekarasyn qyrdan oigha-Tobyl ózenine qaray qúlaytyn say men jyralar arasynda belgiledik. Qazaq ýshin say men jyra – shekaralyq meje. Karta qoldanbaghan júrtymyz qonys qystaularyn osynday tabighy geografiyalyq belgilermen aiqyndaghany sózsiz.

Álqissa, T. Seydaliiyning raportynda Altynsarin qystauy nemere aghasy (ókil әkesi) Qoshan Balghojin men Qaryqbol Qabylovtyng qonystary arasynda ornalasqandyghy bayqalady. Bizdinshe, shamamen. ol qonystyng bir jaq sheti – qazirgi A. Baytúrsynúly atyndaghy Qostanay uniyversiyteti Veterinariya fakulietining ghimaraty janynan ótetin say, ekinshi jaghy – qazirgi M. Hәkimjanova kóshesining janynan ótetin tereng jyra. Búl – Tobyl ózenine jaghalay ornalasqan Qostanay qalasynyng shekarasyna kirmeytin ontýstik-batys jaqtaghy syrtqy bóligi. Múny Araqaraghay bolysynyng qalagha jer beruge kelisim beru mәselesi qarastyrylghan ýsh siyezining hattama qújattary arqyly anyqtadyq.

1881 jyldyng 1–mausymynda bolys Ýrtek (ngrtek) Baubekov ýshinshi mәrte úiymdastyrylghan Araqaraghay bolysynyng siyezinde №1 jәne 2 auyl túrghyndarynyng ókilderi bolashaq qala qajetine alynatyn jerding shekarasyn naqty bekitedi. Ondaghy kelisimning mazmúny boyynsha, qalanyng soltýstiktegi shekarasyna «Tólengitter sayy» alynyp, al ontýstiktegi shegin Qaryqbol Qabylov pen Ospan Altynsarin qystaularynyng shekarasy týiisken tústan dep belgileydi.

Qalanyng ontýstiktegi shekaralyq shegining qalay anyqtalghany arhiv qújattarynda bylaysha hattalghan: «...otnosiytelino ustupky ih sostoyashih v polizovaniy odnoobshestvennikov nashih №2-go aula zemelinyh ugodiev do 13 500 desyatin pod uchrejdaemyy na urochiyshe Kustanay pry r. Tobol gorod s zemledelicheskim pry nem poseleniyem, sim prigovorom postanovili: otvod potrebnogo dlya sego kolichestva zemly sdelati po obeim storonam r. Tobola, naznachiv graniysey takovogo otvoda chertu ot sushestvuyshey mejdu zimovkamy kirgiz Karykbula Kabylova y Osmana Altynsarina…».

Siyez sheshiminde qystau iyesi horujniy Y. Altynsarinnyng aty atalmaydy, sebebi búl uaqytta ol alystaghy Torghay qalasynda memlekettik qyzmette boldy. Sondyqtan qystauda tirkelgen ekinshi shanyraqtyng – aghartushynyng bir anadan tughan inisi Ospan Altynsarinnyng esimi qújatqa tirkeledi. Ybyraygha «horujniy» әskery ataghy Orynbor shekaralyq komissiya janynan qazaq balalaryna arnalghan mektepti bitirgen kezde berildi. Óitkeni mektep týlekteri әskery qyzmetke mindetteletin. 1860 jyly Shekralyq komissiya basshysy V. Grigorievting bastamasymen Y. Altynsarinnyng Torghay bekinisine audarmashy әri múghalim bolyp qyzmetke attanuy әskery boryshtyng mindetimen tyghyz baylanysty boldy.

Qalanyng syrtqy bóligi demekshi, 1879 jyldyng tamyz aiynda oblys basshysy tarapynan bolashaq qalanyng orny «Qostanay ótkeli» (búl saydy perselender «Ordabay-say» dep ataghan. Shamasy, qala salynady dep belgilengen alghashqy jerge degen qala  túrghyndarynyng qúrmetinen tuyndasa kerek) men «Ábil-say» arasyndaghy qonysqa (Ybyraydyng arghy atasy Janbyrshy biyding Ábil Hanghojin men Álim Qylyshbaev atty úrpaqtarynyng qonysy) ornalasuy tiyis dep belgilenedi. 1896 jylghy josparda 10 mynnan asa túrghyny bar qalanyng túrghyn ýileri atalghan eki saydyng aralyghyna ornalasqany aiqyn bayqalady (suret 3).

Orys pereselenderimen qatarlas kelip qonystanghan tatar júrtyna da «Ábil-saydyn» syrtyndaghy qonys búiyrady. Óitkeni ol uaqytta pravoslaviyalyq dindes pereselender qalyptastyrghan qalagha ózge din ókilderi arnayy rúqsat arqyly ghana ornalasatyn. Búl qonys «Tatarskaya slabodka» dep atady. Qazirgi atauy – Narmimanovka.

«Ábil-say»-dyng syrtyna Qaryqbol Qabylovtyn, odan keyin Y.Altynsarinnyng qystauy ornalasty. 1881 jyldyng 1-mausymyndaghy sheshimge sәikes Qostanay qalasynyng shegine kirgen Q.Qabylovtyng qonysyna qala tirshiligine qajetti óndiris oshaqtary – jәrmenke alany, kerosin qoymasy, músylmandar ziraty, kirpish zauyty ornalasady (Tolyghyraq: Tarihy jәdiger: Qostanay qalasynyng alghashqy kartasy: https://abai.kz/post/165614).

Bizdinshe, Torghay oblysy halyq mektepterining inspektory syndy ýlken lauazymdyq qyzmet atqarghan Y. Altynsarin Torghaydan qonys audarghan tústa janadan salynyp jatqan qalanyng ishine (Ábil–say men Qostanay ótkeli arasyna) ornalasu mýmkindigi bar edi. Biraq ol qala syrtyndaghy qonysqa qystau ýy salyp qonystanady. Búl kórinisti Gh. Balghymbaev bylaysha suretteydi: «I. Altynsarin v 1883-84 gg. ostavil Turgay y pereselilsya v Kustanay, gde jily ego blizkie rodstvenniky Altybasskogo otdeleniya: brat Ospan, dyadya Omar y drugiye. Tam nepodaleku ot Kustanaya v 3-4 verstah po levuiy storonu Tobyla vystroil svoy sobstvennyy dom 5-6 komnat: spalinya, stolovaya, kabiynet, gostinnaya, ludskaya, so vsemy nadvornymy postroykamy y dvorom. Nepodaleku byl bolishoy glubokiy prud, otkuda polizovalisi vodoy».

Torghaydan qonys audarghan aghartushynyng iyeliginde tórt týlikten qúralghan shaghyn sharuashylyq ta  boldy. «U nego bylo svoe hozyaystvo: tabun loshadey pribliziytelino 50-60 golov, v tom chisle kobyl doynyh 25-30, doynye korovy, byky y barany. Etim hozyaystvom zavedyval, priyvezennyy iz Turgaya Doshan Toktybaev, kotorogo po okonchaniy kursa Turgayskogo uchilisha vzyal sebe v viyde enchiyles (u synovennogo), odeval horosho po pereselenii v Kustanay jenil ego. On projil u Altynsarina v semie do ego smertiy», - dep jazady Gh. Balghymbaev.

Búl shaghyn mal sharuashylyghyY.Altynsarinnyng 1881 jylghy «Qoyan jútynan» qalghan kishigirim júrnaghy edi. Ózining aituy boyynsha, ol sol bir alapat jútta 300-den astam asyl túqymdy jylqysynan aiyrylyp qalady.

Aghartushynyng qystauy qala irgesinde bolghanyn Qostanay uezdik orys-qazaq mektebining mengerushisi F. Sokolovtyng jazbasy da quattaydy. 1889 jyldyng 9-tamyzynda, yaghny Y. Altynsarin qaytys bolghannan song 22 kýnnen keyin N.Iliminskiyge joldaghan esteliginde ol  bylay deydi: «Jil na zimovke, chto v 3-h verstah ot Kostanaya. A.IY.K. y ya pochty ejednevno peshkom pohajivaly k nemu y prelestno vremya provodili, to v besedah, derja v rukah po chashke kumysa, to v chteniiy».

Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy qalanyng janynda bolghandyghyn onyng әriptesteri ghana emes, aghartushynyng ýiinde bolghan ózge zamandas kisiler de atap ótedi. Mysaly, 1947 jyly úiymdastyrylghan ghylymy ekspedisiyannyyng mýshesi M.Hәkimjanova Qostanay uezining basshysy Kreysmerdin  atqosshysy bolghan Hasenov Sәbit degen kisining óz auzynan aghartushynyng ýiinde bastyghymen birge qonaqta bolghan oqighasyn jazyp alady. Kreysmer – arhivtik qújattarda V. Kreysshmar, shamamen, 1885 jyldyng sәuir aiynan 1896 jyldyng qazan aiyna deyin, yaghny A. Sipaylov pen N. Karaulovtardyng arasynda Qostanay uezin az-kem basqarghan basshy.

Kuәger S. Hasenov bylay deydi: «Men Ybyraydy 22 jasymda kórdim. Ol kezde Qostanay qalasynda Kreysmer degen oyaz boldy. Men sol oyazdyng atyn jegip jýrdim. Odan keyin senimdi bolghan song bir jaqqa shyqqanda salt atpen qasynda jýrdim. Sonyng qaramaghynda kóp uaqyt qyzmet ettim... Men sol oyazda istep jýrgenimde Ybyray oyazdy ýiine qonaqqa shaqyrdy. Ybyraydyng ýii Qostanay qalasynan 3 shaqyrymday joghary túratyn, 12 bólmeli әdemi aghash ýy bar eken...».

Esteliktegi «Ybyraydyng ýii Qostanay qalasynan 3 shaqyrymday joghary túratyn» degen aqparat Tobyl ózenining boyyna qatysty aitylyp túr. Demek, Altysarin qystauy ózenning boyymen qaraghanda, joghary jaqta ornalasqan. Kez-kelgen aghysty ózenning qyrdan oigha qaray aghatyny – belgili tabighy qúbylys. Búl degeniniz qaladan shyghyp, Ordabay-toghaygha qaray bet aludy bildiredi. Ordabay-toghay men Qostanay qonystary arasynda kimderding qystauy ornalasqanyn biz jogharyda atap óttik (suret 2).

Atalghan estelikting jalghasynda biz qozghap otyrghan mәselege erekshe qatysy bar manyzdy kórinis suretteledi. Onda atqosshy S. Hasenov bastyghy Kreysshmardyng Altynsarinnyng ýiinde qonaqta bolghannan keyin kóp úzamay Tobyldyng arghy betindegi Obaghan bolysynyng basshysy Arghyn Saqaudyng auylyna baraghanyn bayandaydy: «Osydan keyin, – deydi kuәger, – úzamay Arghyn Saqau bolys qonaqqa shaqyrdy. Oyaz sonda barmaqshy boldy. Ol kezde Tobyl tasyp, sabasyna týspegen kez edi. Búl zamandaghy parom degendi onda bilmeymiz. Ondaghy paromymyz on bes shaqty ýlken bóshkeni arqanmen tizip, sonyng ýstine ýlken qayyqty qoyyp, sonymen ótkizdik oyazdy».

Demek, sol zamanda Tobyl ózeninde kópir týgil parom da joq. Demek, ózeninen ary-beri ótu ýlken syn-qaterli, mashaqat tirlik bolghan. Osy orayda oi-týisigi aiqyn kisining kónilinde týrli qisyndy saualdar tuyndaytyny anyq. Mysaly, Torghay qalasynan Qostanaygha qyzmet babymen qonys audaryp otyrghan Y. Altynsarin qyzmetke qolayly (baru-kelu, alys-jaqyn) mekendi tandaytyny anyq emes pe? Nege ol, aidyn-kýni amanynda qala manyndaghy atalas aghayyndarynyng qonysynan qashqaqtap, ózenning arghy betine, qalagha qyzmetke baruy qiyn soghatyn jerge baryp ornalasady?

Qisyndy saualdardyng mәn-manyzyn ashu ýshin Gh. Balghymbaevtyng esteliginen mynday qysqasha kórinisti kóldeneng tartayyq: «Altynsarina zaejal v Kustanay po slujebnym delam ejednevno, inogda na odnom krupnom voronom argymake, inogda na neskolikiyh, a zimoy v horoshih sankah, vesnoy, letom y oseniu telejke-pletenke». Olay bolsa, qala irgesindegi qystau ýiinen kýnde qyzmet babymen Qostanay qalasyna kýime jegip keletin inspektor ózennen ótu ýshin on shaqty bóshkeden parom qúrap әure bolyp jýrgen be?  Múnday mashaqatty tirlikti Y. Altynsarinnyng ýiine talay mәrte barghan F. Sokolov, Gh. Balghymbaevtar, uezd basshysyna ilesip qonaqqa barghan S. Hasenovter nege eske almaydy?!

Kópir demekshi, Tobyldyng ózenning eki jaghalauyn jalghastyratyn kópir salu isi Altynsarin ómir sýrgen kezennen әldeqayda keyingi uaqytta jýzege asqan. Aytalyq, 1896 jylgha deyin Qostanay qalasynyng túsynda kópir joq, biraq onyng qúrylys jýrip jatqan edi. 1896 jyldyng 14 mamyrynda II Nikolaydyng taqqa otyruyn úlyqtau (koronasiya) rәsimin merekeleu ýshin uezd qazaqtary jәne ózge de últ ókilderi Qostanay qalasyna jinalady. Búl oqighany Qostanay uezi basqarmasynyng audarmashysy Hamza Qarjasov «Turgayskaya gazeta» basylymynyng 1896 jylghy 9-mausymyndaghy №24 sanynda «Gorod Kustanay pered koronasiei y v dny svyashennogo koronovaniya» degen maqalasynda keninen surettegen.  Sonyng bir epizodynda ol  Qostanay qalasyna Tobyldyng ong jaghalauyndaghy qazaq auyldarynan kelgen kisilerding parommen qalagha ótui birneshe kýnge sozylyp ketuine baylanysty óz betterimen ózen jaghalap ótkel izdep, sugha malshynghanyn jazady: «Polojenie ehavshih v Kustanay s pravoy storony r. Tobola, za neustroystvom k tomu vremeny mosta y plotiny y po nevozmojnosty perepraviti vseh ih v odin deni na parome, bylo takovo, chto oni, otyskav niyje vodyanoy melinisy g. Kustanaya vozmojnoe dlya perepravy mesto, pustilisi vbrod, kotoryi, prinimaya takih smelichakov-gostey y mestamy vplav loshadey, pomochil u mnogih odejdu, no, nesmotrya na eto, perepravivshiyesya byly sovershenno dovoliny svoim riskom y otnudi ne sojalely o izmochennyh veshah».

Y. Altynsarin qystauy qalanyng naq irgesindegi 2 verst qashyqtyqtaghy atasy Balghoja biydin  qonysynda bolghany 1897 jyly Qostanay uezindegi qazaqtardyng artyq jerin (izlishki) esepke alu ýshin jýrgizilgen Sherbina ekspedisiyasynyng mәlimetterine de tirkelgen (suret 3).

Múnda Ybyray Altynsary (týpnúsqada osylay jazylghan) qystauy uezdik qaladan (Qostanaydan) 2 verst, otyryqshylyq tirligi degen baghanagha súraq belgisi (?), al sauda nýktesine 3 sany qoyylsa, su kózine «Qarasu» degen aqparat tirkelgen jәne ol qystaudyng orny onyng ózimen atalas aghayyndarynyng qonystarynyng manynda ekendigi bayqalady. Al ekspedisiya materialdaryndaghy Altynsarin qystauynyng paydalanatyn su kózi «Qarasu» degen mәlimetti Balghymbaevtyng jazbasyndaghy «toghan su» dep sanaugha bolady. Qazaqtar aghysy joq su kózderine «Qarasu» degen úghymdy da qoldanghan.

Bizding tarapymyzdan keltirilgen búl múraghattyq qújattar men tarihy derekter – Y. Altynsarinnyng qystauy Tobyldyng sol jaghalauyna, yaghny Qostanay qalasynyng orny men irgesine ornalasqan óz aghayyndarynyng qystau-qonystarynyng qatarynda bolghandyghyna naqty dәlel. Sol qystaulyq qonystyng manynda, aghartushynyng jaqyn tuysy (Qoshan – Hәkimbek -Mәriyam), kórnekti aqyn M. Hәkimjanovanyng aituynsha, Janbyrshyúly Balghoja men Hanqojanyng beyiti bolady. 1889 jyldyng jazynda mezgilsiz qaytys bolghan aghartushy da sol әulettik qorymgha jerlenedi. Aghartushynyng janazasynda bolghan zamandas kisiler býy deydi: «Na drugoy deni ego pohoronily nedaleko ot zimovki, ryadom s ego otsom, na beregu reky Tobola» (Sokolov); «Pohoronily vblizy doma (zimovki) v odnoy verste, v obshey mazarke, gde ranishe horonilisi vse ego rodstvenniky y ded Balgoja-biy, v ograde, nazyvaemoy Ak-tam (belaya mazarka)» (Balgimbaev).

Keyin aghartushynyng janyna jastay dýniyeden ótken balalary jerlenip (M.Hәkimjanova), shaghyn qorym payda bolady. Biraq, ókinishke qaray, ol  qorym kenestik dәuirding 20-30-jyldarynda joyylyp ketedi (Tolyghyraq: Ybyray Altynsarin qayda jerlengen? https://abai.kz/post/138344).

Búl qasiretti oqighany kezinde Gh. Balghymbaev, tәuelsizdik alghan jyldary M.Hәkimjanovalar ókinishpen eske alghan edi Aytalyq, Y. Altynsarin jerlengen qorymnyng joyylyp ketkeni turaly ústazyn óz qolymen aqtyq sapargha shygharyp salghan shәkirt Gh. Balghymbaev bylay deydi: «Na mogilu pokoynogo Y .A. potom byl postavlen nadgrobnyy kameni s nadpisiu iz kakogo roda, otdel, imya familiya, let y data smertiy... Neizvestno sudiba pamyatnika y samih kladbiysh. Odny govoryat, chto ony sohranilisi do 1928-29 g. Drugie govoryat, chto vse zanyatye kladbishamy mesta vyrovneny, vspahany y zanyaty pod posev, tak chto y sleda ne ostalosi ot kladbiysh».

Tútas әulettik qorymnyng 30-jyldardyng «arghy-bergi jaghynda» joyylyp ketkenin M. Hәkimjanova da atap ótedi. Onyng 1991 jyldyng kýz aiynda jazushy, Qazaq radiosynyng tilshisi Dinash Núrmúhambetke bergen súhbaty respublikalyq «Azat» gazetining 2005 jylghy №9 sanynda «Ybyray Altynsarinnyng sýiegi qayda?» degen taqyryppen jariyalanady.

Súhbatta aqyn qasiretti oqighany bylaysha bayandaydy: «Nebir zaman bastan ótti ghoy. Balapan basynan, túrymtay týsinen shoshyghan. Aytayyn. Tobyldyng arghy betinde, ýsh shaqyrym jerde Balghoja biyding de, Qanqoja biyding de on eki qúlaqty, әr qúlaghynyng ýstine jezden ay ornatqan keremet kýmbezderi bar tamdary bolghan. Syrty kókshilmen syrlanghan. Alystan «menmúndalap» kóz tartyp, jarqyrap túratyn edi. Ári-beri ótken adam at basyn búryp, attan týsip, tize býgip qúran oqyp ketetin. Tipti kýni keshege deyin, jiyrmasynshy jylgha deyin sol jerge bizding әuletting ýlken kisileri quanysh bolsyn, renish bolsyn baryp bir soghatyn. Mening әli kýnge deyin esimde bar, 1921 jyly úzatylghanymda Ayghanym әjem alyp baryp, sol jerge tize býktirgen. Sonda kórgenmin: Ybyray atanyng da temir tormen qorshaghan tamy bar bolatyn. Qorshauy biyik edi, kisi boyy qol sozymday. Janynda balalarynyng beyiti bar edi. Tónkeristen keyingi jyldary, sol otyzynshy jyldardyng arghy-bergi jaghynda, sonyng bәri búzylypty... Keyinnen izdep baryp ornyn da taba almadym. Mening atalarymnyng beyiti túrghan jer qazir Qostanay qalasynyng astynda qaldy... Shyraghym, men ózi ómirde kóp qasiret kórgen, qughyn-sýrgindi basynan ótkergen adammyn. Otyz jyldan artyq halyq jauynyng qatyny atanyp otyrdym. Ol kezderi ólikterdi týgendep, molasyn izdemek týgili qara basymyzdyng qamymen arpalystyq. Aragha biraz uaqyttar týsti. Keyinnen izdep baryp ornyn da taba almadym. Au, mening ata-babalarymnyng beyiti qayda dep qay orystyng betine qarap, jaghasyna jarmasayyn. Ólilerding beyiti týgili, tirilerding qúny qalmaghan kez boldy ghoy. Solay, shyraghym. Al qazirgi eskertkish túrghan jerge Ybekenning sýiegin qazyp aparyp qoydy ma, bolmasa әiteuir qazaqtyng tanymal bireui ghoy dep aidalagha qúr eskertkishti qoydy ma, aita almaymyn. Jasym payghambar jasynan asqanda jalghan sóilep, Qúdaygha kýnәhar bolar shamam joq. Búl qazaqtyng basynan ne ótpedi. Nebir alasapyran zaman boldy. Sonday kezde eshtenege mәn bere almay qaldyq. Ybyraylar eskerusiz qala berdi».

Búl tústa aqynnyng «Tobyldyng arghy beti» dep otyrghan kognitivtik úghymgha qysqasha týsinikteme beruge tura keledi. M. Hәkimjanovanyng auyly Tobyldyng ong jaghalauyndaghy Talapker, Mezgil, Aysary manyndaghy qonystar boldy. Sondyqtan Qostanay qalasy ol ýshin Tobyldyng arghy beti bolyp sanalady. Aqyn eshqashan Qostanay qalasynda túraqtap túrmaghan.

Dәl osynday týsiniktemeni Gh. Balghymbaevtyng qoljazbasyndaghy Altynsarinnyng Torghaydan Qostanay qalasyna kóshken oqighasyn bayandaytyn kóriniske qatysty aitugha bolady. «Pry pereezde iz Turgaya v Kustanay I. A. etot svoy dom prodal pod Turgayskoe remeslennoe uchiliyshe y postroil na ety denigy vblizy Kustanaya za r. Tobyl v 4 verstah ot Kustanaya derevyannyy dom 5-6 komnatah s nadvornym postroykami, kajetsya, iz deren y zaborom iz togo je materiala. Nesomnenno, emu, kak pribyvshemu posle dolgogo otsutstvii, pomogly blijayshie rodstvenniky glavnym obrozom dostavkoy stroymaterialov y rabochih ruk».

Kóp júrtshylyqty «Tobyldyng arghy beti» dep adastyryp jýrgen kognitivtik mәselening biri – osy.

Qoryta kelgende, Y.Altynsarinnyng Tobyl ózenining sol jaghalauynda, qala irgesinen asa alys emes jerde ornalasqan qystauy, qaytys bolghannan keyin jerlengen atasy Balghoja biyding qorymy kenestik dәuirding 20-30 jyldarynda qalyptasqan qasiretti tarihy jaghdaylargha baylanysty joyylyp ketedi. Múnyng obiektivti sebepteri de boldy. Kenestik biylikti kýshpen ornatu kezinde bolghan azamattyq soghys, 20-30 jyldardaghy asharshylyq apaty, búdan song stalindik ataqty qughyn-sýrginning oryn aluy, 1941 jylghy bastalghan ekinshi dýnie jýzilik soghys qazaq júrtyna orasan zor qasiret alyp keldi. Aryp-ashyghan, azyp-tozghan halyqtyng әleueti әlsiredi: jany kýizeldi, jady tozdy, toryqty, al shyndyqty bilgender – qoryqty.

Qoryqqan kisilerding biri – aghartushynyng jaqyn tuysy Mәriyam Hәkimjanova. Múny ol jasyrmaydy. Oghan jogharyda atalghan súhbattaghy myna joldar dәlel: «Men – ózi ómirde kóp qasiret kórgen, qughyn-sýrgindi basynan ótkergen adammyn. Otyz jyldan artyq halyq jauynyng qatyny atanyp otyrdym. Ol kezderi ólikterdi týgendep, molasyn izdemek týgili qara basymyzdyng qamymen arpalystyq». Ol kisi Altynsarin beyiti turaly shyndyqty tәuelsizdik jyldary ghana ashyq aita bastaydy. Biraq, ókinishke qaray, kóp úzamay ózi ómirden ozyp ketedi.

Búryn da aitqanbyz, qazir de qaytalaymyz. Tobyldyng arghy betinde aghartushygha ornatqan sәn-saltanatty, zamanauy kesene sol kýiinde saqtalyp qala berui tiyis. Mәsele halqymyzdyng tarihyn bolghan qalpynda tanugha úmtylysta bolyp otyr. Osy orayda, elimizding tarihyndaghy kenestik dәuirding 20-30 jyldarynda oryn alghan qasiretti eske ala otyryp, tarihy shyndyqty qayta qalpyna keltiru maqsatynda Y. Altynsarinnyng qala ishinde joyylyp ketken әulettik qorymyna taghzym, qúrmet nyshany retinde belgi soghu qajet. Ol belgi el tariqynda múnday qasiretting qaytalanbauy ýshin qajet. Búl bastama býgingi tandaghy «Ádiletti Qazaqstan» bastamasymen ýndeseri haq. Ádilettilik qoghamnyng bar baghytynda, barlyq dengeyde ornauy tiyis dep sanaymyz. Sonyng ishinde qoghamdyq sanany qalyptastyrudaghy airyqsha orny bar tarihy әdilettilik te syrt qalmauy qajet.

Taghyzymdyq nyshandy qoyatyn dayyn oryn da bar. Ol – qazirgi tanda Mayakovskiy kóshesining boyyna ornalasqan músylmandyq-hristiandyq qorym. Qala túrghyndary ony «Eski qorym» dep ataydy. Búl onyng shyn mәninde erteden kele jatqandyghyn megzeydi. Biraq qay júrttyng qorymy? Hristian júrtynyng «eski qorymy» deytin bolsaq, ol tarihy shyndyqqa qayshy. Sebebi hristiandyq eski qorym qalanyng basqa bóliginde – qazirgi ortalyq stadion manynda bolghan. Demek, búl úghym jergilikti qazaq júrtynyn, dәlirek aitqanda, Balghoja biyding әulettik qorymyna baylanysty tuyndauy mýmkin dep oilaymyz.

Bir qyzyghy, atalghan qorym arhivtik jәne tarihy derekterde saqtalghan Y. Altynsarinnyng qystaulyq qonysynda (shamamen, qazirgi M. Hәkimjanova kóshesining janyndaghy tereng jyra men Qostanay uniyversiyteti Veterinariya fakulitetining oqu korpusy janynan ótetin saydyng arasyndaghy qonys) oryn alghan. Kezdeysoqtyq deymiz be, әlde tylsymnan berilgen ishara dep qabyldaymyz ba, әiteuir, osynday túspa-tús, dәlme-dәl kelu kórinisi bizding shyndyq ómirimizde oryn alyp otyr.

Týiindey kelgende, tarihy qújat-derekter men býgingi shyndyq ómirimizdegi kórinis shendesken, qabysqan oqighagha bizding júrtty bey-jay qaramaydy dep oilaymyz. Tarihy әdildikti, shyndyqty qalpyna keltiru jauapty әri sauapty isterding qatarynda bolatyny sózsiz!

Almasbek Ábsadyq,

filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

Abai.kz