Memsyilyqtyng bedeli: Qanday ózgerister qajet?
Abay atyndaghy Memlekettik syilyq mәselesi: formaldy reformadan tәrbiyelik hәm jauapkershilik orta qalyptastyrugha deyin.
MÁSELENING TÝPKI SEBEBI
E. Qarin myrzanyng Abay atyndaghy Memlekettik syilyqtyng beriluine qatysty týsiniktemesi qoghamda manyzdy mәseleni qayta kóterip otyr. Syilyq túlghagha emes, naqty tuyndygha berilui kerek; ataq, mereytoy nemese jeke bedel shygharmanyng sapasyn almastyrmauy tiyis; al marapattau talaptary men rәsimderi jetildirilui qajet.
Búl qaghidalarmen kelisuge bolady. Alayda mәselening týpki sebebin tek syilyq beru erejelerinen nemese saraptau komissiyasynyng júmysynan izdeu jetkiliksiz.
Mening oiymsha, syilyq beru men syilyq alu mәselesining týbegeyli әri әdil sheshilui ýshin elimizde azamattar ózderining ar-úyatynyn, qoghamdyq pikirding jәne kәsiby ortasynyng aldynda jauapkershilik sezinetin TÁRBIYELIK hәm JAUAPKERShILIK orta qalyptasuy kerek.
Óitkeni kez kelgen ereje men zandy adamnyng ishki mәdeniyeti, ar-úyaty jәne qoghamdyq jauapkershiligi tolyqtyra almasa, әdildikke qol jetkizu qiyn.
NELIKTEN EREJENI ÓZGERTU JETKILIKSIZ?
Memlekettik syilyqty taghayyndaudyng eng minsiz tәrtibin engizuge bolady. Baghalau ólshemderin naqtylap, tәuelsiz sarapshylardy shaqyryp, dauys beru nәtiyjelerin rәsimdeuge bolady. Biraq osy rәsimderge qatysatyn adamdardyng boyynda әdildikke degen ishki senim men jauapkershilik bolmasa, formaldy talaptardyng ózi kýtken nәtiyjeni bermeui mýmkin.
Mәselening eki jaghy bar.
Birinshisi — syilyq berushining jauapkershiligi.
Komissiya mýshesi ózine úsynylghan tuyndyny avtordyng lauazymyna, ataghyna, tanystyghyna nemese qoghamdyq bedeline qarap emes, shygharmanyng naqty qúndylyghyna qaray baghalaugha tiyis. Ol óz sheshimi ýshin kәsiby orta men qogham aldynda jauap beretinin sezinui kerek.
Ekinshisi — syilyq alushynyng jauapkershiligi.
Syilyqqa úsynylghan әrbir avtor óz enbegining shynayy qúndylyghyna senuge, onyng әdil baghalanghanyn qalaugha jәne layyqsyz artyqshylyqqa sýienbeuge tiyis. Marapat alu mýmkindigi adamnyng jeke maqsatyna ainalyp, shygharmashylyqtyng qoghamdyq mәninen joghary túrmauy kerek.
Mine, osy eki taraptyng da ar-úyaty men jauapkershiligi birdey manyzdy.
«ÚYaLATYN ORTA» DEGENIMIZ NE?
Úyalu úghymyn tek adamnyng jeke sezimi retinde týsinbeu kerek. Búl jerde sóz — adamdy teris әreketten tejeytin, әdiletsizdikke jol bermeuge yqpal etetin qoghamdyq jәne kәsiby orta turaly.
Múnday ortada:
* adam layyqsyz marapat alghany ýshin emes, layyqsyz marapatqa úmtylghany nemese әdiletsizdikke sanaly týrde jol bergeni ýshin ar aldynda jauapkershilik sezinedi;
* sarapshynyng bedeli onyng ataghymen ghana emes, әdil sheshimderimen ólshenedi;
* qoghamgha tanymal túlghanyng sózi men isi ózara sәikes bolugha tiyis;
* tanystyq, jaghympazdyq jәne jeke mýdde kәsiby qaghidalardan joghary qoyylmaydy;
* azamattar әdiletsizdikti kórse, ýnsiz qalmay, dәlelmen jәne mәdeniyetti týrde pikir bildiredi.
Múnday ortada zang búzbau jetkiliksiz. Adam óz әreketining әdiletti bolghanyna da mәn beredi.
Alayda «úyalatyn orta» degenimiz — bireudi kópshilik aldynda kemsitu, kinәli dep jariyalau nemese negizsiz aiyptau emes. Ol — ar-úyatty, әdildikti jәne qoghamdyq jauapkershilikti joghary qoyatyn orta.
Adamdy tek jazadan qorqu emes, óz ar-úyaty men qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershiligi de әdil bolugha jeteleui kerek.
ABAY ILIMI JÁNE QOGhAMDYQ JAUAPKERShILIK
Abay atyndaghy Memlekettik syilyq mәselesin Abaydyng ruhany múrasynan bólip qaraugha bolmaydy.
Abay adam boyyndaghy ar-úyatty, әdilettilikti, aqyl men enbekti joghary baghalady. Onyng shygharmalary adamdy ózin-ózi tanugha, minezin týzeuge jәne qogham aldyndaghy jauapkershiligin sezinuge shaqyrady.
Sondyqtan Abay atyndaghy syilyqtyng әdildigi tek komissiyanyng dauys beruimen ólshenbeuge tiyis. Ol Abay dәriptegen adamgershilik qaghidalaryna da sәikes kelui kerek.
Búl jerde manyzdy bir súraq tuyndaydy: biz Abaydy tek oqyp, zerttep, onyng atyndaghy marapatty taghayyndaumen shektelemiz be, әlde onyng әdilet pen ar-úyat turaly ústanymdaryn óz isimizde basshylyqqa alamyz ba?
Eger Abaydyng atyndaghy syilyqty taghayyndau kezinde әdildik, adaldyq jәne jauapkershilik qaghidalary tolyq saqtalmasa, onda onyng atauy men qoghamdyq mazmúny arasynda alshaqtyq payda bolady.
Abay múrasyn qúrmetteu — onyng atyn ataumen ghana emes, onyng ilimin qoghamdyq qatynastarda iske asyrumen ólshenuge tiyis.
QAZAQ AZAMATTYQ QOGhAMYNYNG MINDETI
Qazaq azamattyq qoghamy búl mәselege tek «kim syilyq aldy, kim almady?» degen túrghydan qaramauy kerek.
Negizgi súraq әldeqayda teren: elimizde әdil sheshim qabyldaugha jәne әdiletsiz artyqshylyqtan bas tartugha mýmkindik beretin TÁRBIYELIK hәm JAUAPKERShILIK orta bar ma?
Múnday ortany tek memlekettik organdar qalyptastyra almaydy. Oghan ziyaly qauym, ghalymdar, jazushylar, óner qayratkerleri, bilim beru mekemeleri, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary jәne jalpy azamattar ýles qosugha tiyis.
Azamattyq qoghamnyng mindeti — kez kelgen sheshimdi aldyn ala aiyptau emes, onyng әdildigine bagha beruge mýmkindik beretin ashyqtyqty talap etu. Sonymen qatar qogham kәsiby adaldyqty baghalap, әdiletsizdikke dәlelsiz aiyptaumen emes, naqty uәjdermen qarsy túruy kerek.
Ziyaly qauymnyng bedeli ataqtar men marapattardyng sanymen ghana emes, qoghamdaghy әdilettilikti qorghaugha qosqan ýlesimen de ólshenuge tiyis.
QANDAY ÓZGERISTER QAJET?
Abay atyndaghy Memlekettik syilyqty reformalau eki ózara baylanysty baghytta jýrgizilui kerek.
Birinshi baghyt — institusionaldyq reforma:
- Syilyqqa úsynylghan tuyndylardy baghalau ólshemderin naqtylau.
- Sarapshylardyng tәuelsizdigi men kәsiby jauapkershiligin qamtamasyz etu.
- Mýddeler qaqtyghysynyng aldyn alu.
- Qabyldanghan sheshimderding negizdemesin qoghamgha týsindiru.
- Konkurs rәsimderining ashyqtyghyn arttyru.
Ekinshi baghyt — tәrbiyelik jәne qoghamdyq mәdeniyetti damytu:
- Bilim beru men kәsiby ortada adaldyq pen әdilettilikti naqty әreketter arqyly qalyptastyru.
- Jaghympazdyq pen jeke baylanysqa emes, enbek pen kәsiby qúndylyqqa qúrmet kórsetu.
- Qoghamdyq pikirtalasta ar-namysty saqtay otyryp, syn aitu mәdeniyetin damytu.
- Lauazymdy túlghalar men sarapshylardyng qoghamdyq jauapkershiligin kýsheytu.
- Jetistikke jetuding basty ólshemi retinde ataq pen marapatty emes, qoghamgha qosylghan naqty ýlesti baghalau.
Birinshi baghyt әdil sheshim qabyldaudyng institusionaldyq kepildikterin qalyptastyrsa, ekinshi baghyt sol kepildikterding shynayy júmys isteuine qajetti adamgershilik negizdi nyghaytady.
Birinsiz ekinshisi tolyq nәtiyje bere almaydy.
Qorytyndy: E.Qarin myrzanyng Memlekettik syilyqty taghayyndau tәrtibin ózgertu turaly pikiri manyzdy. Biraq mәseleni tek ereje men rәsim shenberinde sheshuge bolmaydy.
Syilyq beru nemese syilyq alu mәselesi elimizde azamattardyng ar-úyatyna әser etetin, óz ortasynyng aldynda jauapkershilik sezindiretin TÁRBIYELIK hәm JAUAPKERShILIK orta qalyptasqanda ghana týbegeyli әri ornyqty sheshimin tabady.
Múnday ortada syilyq berushi de, syilyq alushy da eng aldymen óz ar-úyaty aldynda jauap beredi. Al memleket pen qogham sol jauapkershilikting naqty kórinis tabuyna jaghday jasaydy.
Mәsele eshkimge syilyq bermeude de, bәrine birdey syilyq berude de emes. Mәsele — layyqty enbekti әdil baghalaytyn, layyqsyz artyqshylyqtan bas tartatyn jәne qabyldanghan sheshim ýshin jauapkershilik kóteretin qoghamdyq mәdeniyetti qalyptastyruda.
Abay atyndaghy Memlekettik syilyqtyng shynayy bedeli de osynday ortada ornyghady.
Abaydyng atyndaghy syilyq Abaydyng atyn iyelenumen ghana emes, Abay dәriptegen әdilettilik pen ar-úyat qaghidalaryna say boluymen qadirli boluy kerek.
Búl — tek Memlekettik syilyqqa qatysty mәsele emes. Búl — býkil qoghamnyng tәrbiyesi, azamattyq jauapkershiligi jәne últtyq ruhany mәdeniyeti turaly mәsele.
Bolat Nәukenúly
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