Býgingi zamanghy әlemde “dau-janjaldardyng negizgi kózi endi iydeologiya da, ekonomika da bolmaydy... Adamzatty bóletin asa manyzdy mejeler men dau-janjaldardyng tórkinderi endi mәdeniyet arqyly belgilenetin bolady”

(S.Hantington)

Býgingi zamanghy әlemde “dau-janjaldardyng negizgi kózi endi iydeologiya da, ekonomika da bolmaydy... Adamzatty bóletin asa manyzdy mejeler men dau-janjaldardyng tórkinderi endi mәdeniyet arqyly belgilenetin bolady”

(S.Hantington)

Jahandanudyng qazirgi zamanghy qoghamdargha ekonomikalyq, әleumettik jәne mәdeny túrghyda tikeley jana serpin beretini barshagha ayan. Ekonomikalyq salanyng auqymyna syimaytyn osy fenomen elderding ózara qarym-qatynasyn kýsheyte otyryp, sәikestik pen mәdeny sanaluandyq problemasyna tikeley yqpal etip, bizge búryn belgisiz bolghan alapattar men solargha shara qoldanudyng jana tәsilderin tabudy talap etedi.
Birqalypty jәne belgili standartty mәdeny ýlgilerdi býkil әlem boyynsha taratu osy zamanghy mәdeny jahandanudyng tikeley saldaryna ainalyp otyr. Búghan birqatar faktorlar sebep boldy, solardyng ishinde mәdeny yqpal jasau men qarym-qatynas ýshin shekaralardyng ashyqtyghy, búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyn, әsirese ghalamdy “virtualdy derevnyagha” ainaldyrghan televiziyanyng tendessiz әseri, jәne eng sonynda, adamzat balasynyng búryn-sondy bolmaghan әleumettik júmylghyshtyghynyng auqymdaryn atap ketken jón. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde mәdeniyetterding assimilyasiya men basqa mәdeniyetke sinip ketu qaupi tóndi.
Jahandanu prosesteri mindetti týrde birynghay (birtútas) mәdeniyet qúrudy talap etpese de, zertteuler kórsetkendey ol, kosmopolitti jәne mәdeny birkelkilikti, búqaralyqty, últtyq mәdeniyetterdin, әsirese әlemdik arenada bekip ýlgermegen, basym emes mәdeniyetterding shekaralaryn jong ýrdisin engizip otyr. Múnday jaghdayda mәdeny jahandanu әsirese bizding mәdeniyetke qauip-qater tudyruy әbden mýmkin. Biraq búl jahandanudy teriske shygharudy emes, kerisinshe, oghan syn kózben qaray otyryp, “biraz” ózgertuler men týzetuler jasaudy menzeydi.
Osyghan baylanysty, jahandanu “haosyn” baqylau tetigining biri retinde mәdeniyetterding ereksheligin әleumetting tanyp-bilu, yaghny olardyng ózindik erekshelikterin, qaytalanbas ózgeshelikterin әigileui zandy qúbylys jәne búl kezdeysoq prosess te emes. Búl mәdeny ózindik oqshaulanudy nemese “mәdeny getto” jasaudy bildirmeydi, óitkeni әrbir últtyq mәdeniyette barlyghyna ortaq bazalyq gumanistik qúndylyqtar negizdelgen. Onyng ýstine, jahandanu mәdeny múra turaly ghalamdyq auqymda da, sonday-aq jergilikti últtyq auqymda da bilim men aqparatqa qoljetimdilikti qamtamasyz etedi. Sondyqtan últtyq mәdeniyet jahandanu múhitynyng iyirimine batyp ketpeu ýshin oghan temirqazyqtay baghdar bolatyn memleketting kýsh-jigeri qajet.
Adamzat tarihy mәdeniyetter men órkeniyetter arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqtardyng kóbine janjal men zorlyq-zombylyqty aqtau ýshin sebep retinde paydalanylghanyn aighaqtaydy. Ókinishke qaray, býgingi zamannyng da túraqty emestigin, kerisinshe odan sayyn ushygha týskenin amalsyz moyyndaugha tura keledi.
Jahandanudyng qoghamnyng baqylauynda boluy kerek ekendigi jәne de bir elding dýniyejýzi mәdeniyetine әseri-yqpalynyn” joyyluy kerektigi basy ashyq mәsele. Keybir elder ýshin órkeniyetterding qaqtyghysuy — olardyng basqalardan ýstem bolugha qatysty geosayasattyq strategiyasynyng bir bóligi, biylik qúraly. Býginde, múnyng kóbine әlemning qalyptasqan bir polyarlyghynyng saldary ekeni — kópe-kórineu, sondyqtan halyqaralyq sayasatta kóppolyarlylyqqa qayta oralu auaday qajet, әri osy ýrdis oghan júrtshylyqty qatystyru men mәdeny aiyrmashylyqtardy qúrmettey bilu jaghdaylarynda ghana jýrui tiyis.
Nobeli syilyghynyng laureaty Djozef Stiglis “Jahandanu sayasaty ózining mindeti men bergen sertin orynday almady. Qazirgi zamanghy instituttardyng barlyq halyqtardyng mýddelerin eskere bermeytinin moyyndaugha tura keledi” dep atap ótti.
Keninen qanat jaya bastaghan jahandanu әlsiz mәdeniyetterdi nemese azshylyq mәdeniyetterdi ózderinen kýshti mәdeniyettermen qaqtyghysta jeniliske úshyratatyny dausyz. Iraktaghy, Aughanystandaghy soghystar múnyng aiqyn dәleli.
Osyghan oray, halyqaralyq sayasiy-gumanitarlyq instituttardyng mәdeny jahandanugha baylanysty kelensiz ýrdisterding aldyn alugha ózderine basty jauapkershilik jýkteui qisyndy bolar edi. Adamzat balasy “basqany” qúrmetteu iydeyasyna qayta oraluy tiyis.
Rasynda da, YuNESKO-nyng jalpygha birdey Deklarasiyasy mәdeny sanaluandyqty adamzattyng qúrmet kórsetilui tiyis ajyramas-qúqyghy retinde belgilese, al BÚÚ-nyng adam damuy jónindegi Baghdarlamasy (BÚÚDB) erkindik pen mәdeniyetti birinshi oryngha qoyady jәne mәdeny sanaluandyqty syilamaytyn jerde ekonomikalyq damu da mýmkin emes degendi kesip aitady.
Biraq, naqty bolmys kórsetkendey, BÚÚ osydan jarty ghasyrdan astam búryn jariyalaghan qaghidalary әlemdik sayasy instituttardyng rólin qayta qarau qajettiligi, tolghaghy jetken mәsele ekendigin kórsetip otyr.
Álemdegi mәdeny sanaluandyqty qorghau jónindegi qyruar qararlar shyqqanyna qaramastan, týrli mәdeniyetter beybit qatar ómir sýretin zamangha naqty qol jetkizu mýmkindigi әli tym alysta. Sayyp kelgende, ajdahaday joyqyn jahandanu jaghdaylarynda mәdeny sanaluandyq janjaldardy boldyrmau men sheshuge qatysty negizgi qúraldardyng biri retinde erekshe qúndylyqqa ie bolady.
Qazirgi kezde, bir jaghynan mәdeny nemese órkeniyettik aiyrmashylyqtardyng negizinde tuyndaytyn janjaldar tolastamay túrghan kezde, ekinshi jaghynan mәdeniyetting jahandanuy jýrip jatqan uaqytta órkeniyetterding dialogy auaday qajet. Dýniyening bir mezgilde qatar jýretin birligi men ydyranqylyghy jaghdaylarynda, adamdar sayasat pen ekonomikadan erkin, barlyq mәdeniyetterding ózindik qúndylyghyn teng moyyndau negizindegi krossmәdeny qatynas arqyly ghana naghyz jahandyq payym jasay alady. Shyn mәninde, búl tek mәdeniyetting ghana emes, sonymen birge sayasattyng da, ekonomikanyng da ortaq problemasy.
Memleketaralyq, etnikalyq, ekonomikalyq baylanystar óristey týsken jaghdayda, týrli qauymdastyqtar kezdesetin aimaqtarda, kóbine janjaldargha (aytys-tartystargha) úlasatyn shiyelenis potensialy óse týsedi. Múnday jaghdayda janjaldardyng sheshimin tabu óneri qoghamdar men memleketter arasynda dialogtar ornata bilu jónindegi ghylymgha ainalady, әri búl rette gumanistik iydeyanyng róli airyqsha manyzdy.
Sondyqtan qalyptasqan jaghdaylarda mәdeny sanaluandyqty qorghaugha azamattyq bastamanyng barghan sayyn kóbirek qatynasatyndary kezdeysoq emes, múnda ýkimettik emes dengeyde, eng aldymen “Órkeniyetter Dialogy” Halyqaralyq Qoghamdyq Forumy”, nemese “Barselona Forumy” siyaqty halyqaralyq qoghamdyq úiymdar zor belsendilik tanytuda. Osy úiymdar “virtualdy” emes, naqty mәdeniyetaralyq dialog jýrgizu jәne qalyng júrtshylyqqa da, sonday-aq sayasy instituttargha da úsynystar әzirleu ýshin biregey mýmkindikter beredi.
Áriyne, mәdeny jahandanudyng qayshylyqtaryna qarsy jәne óz mәdeniyetin qorghau ýlgilerin jasaugha, naqty aimaqtyq jәne elaralyq dengeyde de, sonyng ishinde euraziyalyq postkenestik kenistikte, atap aitqanda, qúrlyqtyng kindik ortasyna ornalasqan Qazaqstanda da osyghan baylanysty úsynystar payda boluy zandy nәrse.
Búl topyraqta baghzy zamandardan beri mәdeniyetter jәne iydeyalar arasynda ózara almasu ýrdisteri jýrip túrghan. Euraziyalyq kenistik aumaghyndaghy mәdeny baylanystardyng birneshe órkeniyettik mәdeny sabaqtastyqty sinirgen әri bay, әri kóne tarihy bar. Euraziyadaghy ashyq, әri baytaq dalalar aimaghy kóshpeli jәne otyryqshy halyqtardyng týrli mәdeniyetterining ózara yqpaldastyghy men toghysuyna úiytqy bolghan.
Qazaqstannyng qazirgi aumaghynda san týrli taypalar men halyqtardyng joly týiisip otyrdy: shyghys irandyqtar, saqtar, týrkiler, mongholdar, manchjurlar, ugro-finder, slavyandar. Osy halyqtar turaly derekter bizge san týrli kórinisterde, sonyng ishinde óner, halyqtyng esteligi arqyly jetip otyr. Euraziyanyng shejiresi órkeniyetaralyq qarqyndy jәne jemisti ózara yqpaldastyq, әleumettik-mәdeny jәne ekonomikalyq ózara kirigu mysaldaryna toly.
Solardyng ishindegi eng negizgisi:
Sol oqighalardyng nәtiyjesinde býgingi Europanyng nobaylary payda bolghan halyqtardyng Úly kóshi-qonyna baylanysty oqighalar;
— ejelgi zamannyng basty sauda-ekonomikalyq kýre tamyryna ainalghan Úly Jibek joly;
— kóshpeli-nomadtardyng memlekettik qúrylymdary: Týrik qaghanattary, ghún derjavalary, Altyn Orda handyqtary simbiozynyn, týrli mәdeniyetter men dinder birlestikterining (odaghynyn) ýilesimdi ýlgileri.
Órkeniyettik túrghyda, Qazaqstannyng tarihy ótken ghasyrdyng 30-shy jyldarynda sharuashylyq jýrgizuding negizgi ýlgisi retindegi tirshiligin toqtatqanyna qaramastan, nomadizmmen, kóshpeli túrmyspen ajyramas sabaqtastyqta. Qazaqstan topyraghynda túrghan taypalar men halyqtar ózderining derbes, kóshpelilerge ghana tәn biregey mәdeniyetin jasady, osy mәdeniyet Batystyng da, Shyghystyng da týrli mәdeny dәstýrlerimen ózara yqpaldastyq jýrgizdi. Kóshpelilerding órkeniyetine de birqatar erekshelikter, sonyng ishinde mәdeni, sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq ózgeshelikter tәn.
Sonymen birge, nomadtardyng jalpyadamzat órkeniyetine qosqan naqty ýlesi kóbine elene bermeydi. Biraq sol kóshpeliler әskery tirliginde (qaru-jaraq, at әbzelderi), mal sharushylyghyn da, oy-órnek ónerin de naghyz revolusiyalyq janalyqtar jasady. Týrik mәdeniyetining kóptegen elementterin Europanyng da, sonday-aq Aziyanyng da egin sharuashylyghymen ainalysatyn otyryqshy halyqtarynyng sinirgeni tanqalarlyq jәit emes.
Býgingi Qazaqstan ótken zamandardan últtyq mәdeniyetter men dәstýrlerding sanaluandyghyn miras etti. El aumaghynda túratyn jýzden asa etnikalyq toptyng ókilderi aziyalyq jәne europalyq komponentterdi ýilestiretin biregey mәdeny naqyshty qúraydy. Sondyqtan jahandyq mәdeny standarttar men ýlgilerdi jappay taratu jaghdaylarynda mәdeny sanaluandyq pen ózindik ereksheligi bar mәdeny dәstýrdi saqtau әsirese ózekti mәselege ainalyp otyr. Óz mәdeniyetin qorghau ýlgilerin әr el óz qolymen jasaytyny kezdeysoq emes.
Osy problemanyng manyzdylyghyn úghynghan Qazaqstanda, memlekettik dengeyde basym-baghyt — mәdeny sayasat nysanaly týrde jasay bastady. “Mәdeny múra” últtyq jobasy sonyng negizgi kýretamyryn qúraydy, osy baghdarlamanyng qazaq últynyng mәdeny – tektik kodyn saqtaugha, damytu men taratugha qatysty jýieli jolyn jasap berdi.
Osy baghdarlama bizding qoghamymyzdyng mәdeny jәne ruhany janghyruynda negizgi ról atqaryp otyr. Postkenestik kenistikte tendesi joq búl baghdarlama Qazaqstan Respublikasynda túratyn barlyq últtar men úlystardyng tarihy men mәdeniyetine qatysty eskertkishterdi anaghúrlym terenirek zerdeleuge, jýieli esep jýrgizuge, saqtaugha septigin tiygizedi.
Sóitip, postindustriyaly ghasyrda, jahandanu tegeurininde, mәdeny sәikestikti saqtap qalu ýshin ótkenge qyzyghushylyq ózekti mәnge ie bolady.
Memleketimiz ózining әleumettik jәne mәdeny sayasatyn jýrgizude elding etnikalyq-mәdeny sanaluandyghyn, atap aitqanda, janynda últtyq-mәdeny ortalyqtar júmys isteytin Qazaqstan halqy Assambleyasy siyaqty qúrylymnyng qoldauy arqyly saqtaugha kýsh salady. Mәdeniyetaralyq, konfessiyaaralyq dialogtyng týrli nysandaryn rettey otyryp, osynday qúrylym Euraziya halyqtarynyng ruhany biriguine, tilderdin, mәdeniyetter men dinderding ýilesimdi ýndestigining damuyna septigin tiygizedi. Etnikaaralyq jәne din aralyq kelisimining ornyqtylyghy, týrli etnikalyq toptar men konfessiyalardyng beybit qatar ómir sýruining bay tarihy tәjiriybesi býgingi kóp mәdeniyetti Qazaqstandy sipattaydy.
Sonymen birge, Qazaqstan naqty bolmystan oqshaulanbaydy, kerisinshe, Euraziyadaghy aimaqtyq ýrdisterge belsendi qatysyp otyr. Integrasiya, jahandanu ýrdisterine belsendi qatysu, halyqaralyq jәne aimaqtyq qauipsizdikting jana jýielerin jasau isterin Qazaqstan qarqyndy ekpinmen ilgeri jyljytuda. Osy orayda, Euraziyalyq kenistikte aimaqtyq ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy blok qúru jónindegi Qazaqstannyng bastamasy erekshe manyz alady. Búl ýrdis aimaqtyq bloktar qúrugha qatysty әlemdik ýrdisterge sәikes keledi, ol óz kezeginde, kóppolyarly әlem ornatu men jahandanugha qatysugha qosqan ýles bolyp tabylady. Ekinshi jaghynan, búl jahandanudyng kelensiz әserlerine shara qoldanu tetikterin jasaydy. Naqty aqiqat kórsetkendey, tek iri toptasular ghana búghan qabyletti. Euroodaq nemese ASEAN siyaqty aimaqtyq birlestikter jahandyq ekonomikanyng damuyna yqpal etuding naqty ortalyqtaryna ainalu jolynda.
Euraziyalyq aimaqtyq qúrylymnyng negizdemesinde halyqtary ghasyrlar boyy bir-birimen údayy baylanysta damyghan qúrlyqtaghy elderding geoekonomikalyq jaqyndyghy jatqanymen, biraq mәdeniy-ruhany molyqtyrusyz ol tirshilikke qabyletsiz bolady.
Áriyne, azamattyq bastama mәdeny óris jasauda sheshushi ról atqarady. Biraq, gumanitarlyq kenistikting memlekettik kýsh-jigerler salasy ekeni jәne memlekettik sayasatsyz ony is-jýzinde ydyraudan toqtaugha mýmkin emestigi de aiqyn mәsele.
Sondyqtan Qazaqstan Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng jana aimaqtyq blok jasaudyng negizi retinde Euraziyalyq memleketter odaghyn qúru jobasyn úsynuy, postkenestik ydyraudyng saldarlarynan kýizelissiz arylu ýshin qajet sheshushi baghdarlardy aiqyn belgilep berdi jәne Eruaziya elderining arasyndaghy qatynastardy jana dengeyge shyghardy. Euraziyalyq iydeya jalpyadamazattyq ta, sonday-aq jeke halyqtardyng da tarihymen jәne mәdeniyetimen tyghyz baylanysty. “Preziydent N.Nazarbaev atap kórsetkendey, Euraziyalyq integrasiyanyng qúndylyghy mynada, ol halyqtardyng biregeyligine qysym jasamastan jәne assimlyasiyalamastan, kerisinshe olardyng sanaluandyghyn siniretindey birlik pen tútastyqty iyelenui tiyis. Óitkeni etnomәdeny baylyq pen batyseuropalyq slavyan, islam jәne týrik órkeniyetterining elementterin qosu býgingi Euraziya ýshin airyqsha erekshelik bolyp tabylady.
Bizding ónirimizde, odan da naqtyraq aitsaq, bizding elimizde, Shyghys pen Batystyng dәstýrleri ózara sabaqtasady jәne ózara kirigedi, mәdeniyetter men órkeniyetterding yntymaqtastyqqa úlasatyn naqty dialogy jýzege asuda”.
Órkeniyetaralyq dialog balamalarynyng biri retindegi euraziyalyq iydeyany praktika jýzinde iske asyru aimaqtyq ekonomikalyq instituttar men aimaqtyq qauipsizdik qúrylymdaryn EurAZEQ, ShYÚ, AÓSShK ayasynda kezek boyynsha jasau arqyly jýredi.
Sayasi, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny baylanystardyng kóptegen baghyttary boyynsha týrli halyqaralyq úiymdardyn, integrasiyalyq qúrylymdardy damytu baghdarlamalarynyng tútas qatary júmys isteydi. Búl qazir-aq ózining nәtiyjelerin bere bastady. Gumanitarlyq salada osy ónirdegi halyqtar mәdeniyetter dialogynan bayaghyda-aq mәdeny yntymaqtastyqqa auysty, sonyng ishinde, mәselen, Gumanitarlyq yntymaqtastyq Qory, TMD elderining mәdeny yntymaqtastyq Kenesi, shygharmashylyq jәne ghylymy intelliygensiya Forumy, kitaphanaralyq yntymaqtastyq Assambleyasy siyaqty týrli ýilestirushi qúrylymdardyng qyzmeti arqyly da. Aytalyq, mәdeny yntymaqtastyq jónindegi memleketaralyq Kenes gumanitarlyq baylanystardyng basymdyqtaryn jasaydy, al onyng jobalyq júmysy intelliygensiyanyng qoghamdyq forumdary úsynystarynyng negizine qúralady. Gumanitarlyq yntymaqtastyq Qory mәdeniyet, ghylym, sport, jastar baylanysy salasyndaghy jobalargha qoldau kórsetedi. Últtyq әdebiyetterge, kitap shygharugha, ózara audarmalar jasau men kitaphana isine qoldau kórsetetin jobalar sheshushi baghyttardyng birine ainalady.
Sonymen, túraqtylyq pen ekonomikalyq ósip-órkendeuge mýddeli týrli memleketter arasyndaghy yntymaqtastyqtyng belsendi ýlgisin jasau arqyly bizding ónirimizdegi elderding jahandanu ýderisterine beyimdeluin әbden naqty túrghyda júmsartugha bolady.
Búl әsirese, osy elderding bәri birdey últtyq-memlekettik iydeyany qalyptastyryp ýlgirmeui sebepti de asa manyzdy. Qazirgi kezende euraziyalyq kenistiktegi halyqtar ýshin últtyng qayta órkendeuge úmtyluy ózekti mәsele, búl olardyng mәdeny sәikestikti úghynuynan aiqyn kórinis tabady. Osy mәsele jahandyq mәdeny aghyndardyng aldynda airyqsha osal etedi, solardyng jappay taraluy qazirgi zamanghy aqparattyq kommunikasiyalar arqyly jenildetiledi. Sondyqtan jahandanu men mәdeny baylanystyng (qarym-qatynastyn) etnikalyq, últtyq, diny jәne lingvistikalyq (tildik) ózindik erekshelikterding saqtaluyna sep bolghan jón. Euraziya elderining ónirindegi mәdeny sanaluandyqty saqtaugha úmtylulary qajet, biraq sonymen qatar ózdiginen oqshaulanu әreketterining әrqashan mәdeny toqyraumen ayaqtalghanyn úmytpau kerek.
Sonday-aq aimaqtyq yntymaqtastyq arqyly euraziyalyq kenistik bir jaghynan, jahandanu ýderisterine belsendi qatysugha jәne ekinshi jaghynan onyng kereksiz saldaryn týzetuge mýmkindik alady. Dýnie taryla, al baylanystar barghan sayyn qarqyndana týsken jaghdaylarda, elder arasyndaghy ózara yqpaldastyq qajettilikke, әri onyng ýstine, jalpyәlemdik damudyng mәni men qisynyna ainalady.
Áytse de mynany moyyndau kerek, memleketaralyq mýddelerdi ýilestiruding qúqyqtyq tetikterining shalalyghyn eskergende, yntymaqtastyqtyng paydasy búdan da kóp bolar edi. Sonda da bolsa, euraziyalyq ózara yqpaldastyqtyng tәjiriybesi, osy aimaqqa kiretin halyqtar men elderding ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny mýddeleri ýndestigining biregey mysalyna ainaluy mýmkin.
Búl orayda, Shyghys pen Batys arasyndaghy dialogty jәne ózara týsinistiktegi jahandyq dengeyde nyghaytugha Qazaqstannyng Europadaghy qauipsizdik jәne yntymaqtastyq jónindegi Úiymgha 2010 jyly tóraghalyq etui de biregey mýmkindik beredi.
Osynyng barlyghy jeke aimaq jәne memleketterde mәdeny jahandanudyng kelensiz jaqtaryna jauap beru tetikteri qalyptasyp jatyr. Elimiz osynyng ýlgisi bola alady.

Erlan SAIROV, Mәdeny sayasat jәne ónertanu
institutynyng diyrektory, Sayasat ghylymdarynyng kandidaty