Sәlәfiyler degenimiz kimder jәne olardyng Abdul Uahabtyn  jolyn ústaghan  salafiylerden aiyrmashylyghy qanday?

 Múhambet payghambar bir hadiysinde: «Ýmbetimnin en qayyrlysy menimen birge ómir sýrgender jәne olardyng izine ergender men odan keyingi kelgen úrpaq», - degen. Múny islamda alghashqy ýsh buyn dep ataydy. Yaghni, birinshisi – sahabalar (payghambardyng kózin kórgen, zamandastary), ekinshisi – tabiinder (sahabalardan keyingi kelgen úrpaq), ýshinshisi – atba ut-tabiin (Payghambardan keyingi ýshinshi úrpaq). Búlardy «sәlәftar» nemese «sәlәfis solihiyn» dep ataydy. Sәlәfis solihin «alghashqy qayyrly buyn» degendi bildiredi.

Osy ýsh buynyng imany, amaly men ilimi keyingi músylmandar ýshin ýlgi órnek bolyp esepteledi. Búl kezennen keyingi dәuirde ómir sýrgen ghúlamalardy, mәzhab imamdaryn «hәlaftar», yaghny keyingiler dep ataydy. Islam tarihynda, kez kelgen dәuirde ómir sýrgen ghúlamalar men fakihter (qúqyqshylar), sopylar men kәlamshylar (aqida ilimining bilgirleri) Haq joldaghy sәlaftar men hәlaftardy ýlgi tútyp, «әhli sunna» (payghambar núsqaghan tura joldaghylar) jolbasshylary retinde tanyp keledi.

19 ghasyrdan bastap Islam әleminde, atap aitqanda Mysyr, Ýndi týbegi, Osman imperiyasy jәne Resey otaryna ainalghan músylman halyqtarynyng arasynda «ihiya», «yslah», «jadiyd» (janalanu, jandanu, órleu) sekildi ataularmen kórinis tapqan «reformatorlyq» әreketter tútas sipat ala bastady. Reforma kezinde Afghani, Abduh, IYqbal, Gasprinskiy, Marjany sekildi sayasi-aghartushylyq baghytty ústanghan ghalymdar shoghyry shyqty. Olar ijtihat (qoghamdaghy sharttargha sәikes ýkim shygharu) ruhyn tiriltip, Islamdy reformalaudy kózdegen olar, taqlid (elikteushilik) pen hurafalyqty (senimge qayshy anyzdargha senushilik), nadandyqty synaumen qatar, Batystyng tehnikalyq iygilikteri men ghylymyn iygeruge shaqyrdy. Olar, alghashqy ýsh buyn kezindegi (sәlaftardyn) Islamnyng ruhy myqty edi, bilim berudi damytu kerek degen baghytty qoldady. Biraq tútastay mәzhәb imamdary men dәstýrli týsinikterdi joqqa shygharmaytyn.

Jogharyda biz sәlәf úghymynyng ne ekenin jәne qanday baghytty menzegenin kórip otyrmyz. Al endi búl prosesti mýldem bólek baghytqa búryp alghan jәne arab últshyldyghyn qozdyrghan Múhammed Abduli Uahabtyng әreketi Islamnyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasyp kele jatqan bay mәdeniyetin, ýkim shygharu tәsilderin, mәzhәb ghalymdaryn tútastay joqqa shygharatyn ýrdis qalyptastyrdy. Olar tek qana ózderin «sәlafus solihinnin» izbasarlarymyz dep tanytty. Afghani, Abduh, IYqbal, Gasprinskiy, Marjany sekildi sayasi-aghartushylyq baghytty ústanghan ghalymdar diny tәjirbiyeni syngha alsa, búlar mýlde joqqa shygharugha kiristi.  Kez kelgen qúbylystyng basy, ortasy jәne ayaghy bolatyny sekildi, diny tәjirbiyening ótkeni men býgini, keleshegi sabaqtastyqpen órilip otyratyn dýniye. Abduluahab jolyndaghylardyng diny tәjirbiyeni orta belinen teriske shygharu ústanymdary Islam mәdeniyetining keminde 10-12 ghasyrlyq bay múrasyn tәrk etumen birdey qúbylys boldy. Olardyng qatqyl, mәtinshil ústanymdary Islam dini ayasynda ózin músylman sanaytyn kez kelgen últtardyng dәstýrli mәdeny múralaryn «biydghat» dep sanaytyn kózqarasty qalyptastyrdy. Olardyng týsinigindegi Islam dini – qoghamdyq sharttargha ýilese almaytyn, birtipti arab músylmandyghyn kýshtep tanatyn, músylmandardy jikke bólip, beybit túrghyndardy qandy qasapqa salatyn «jihad» úranymen әlemge ýrey tughyzdy. Ábu Hanifany «salaftardyn» dәuirinde ómir sýrgendigi ýshin, ghalym retinde bilgenimen, Hanafy mәzhaby degendi moyyndamaydy. Al, Áshary men Maturidy syndy senimdegi eki mәzhab imamdaryn «sәlaf» kezeninen keyin ómir sýrdi degen jeleumen tipti de moyyndamaydy. Olardyng týsiniginde Islam aqidasynda ózindik ýlken orny bar qos  ghúlamanyng Islam senim negizderine baylanysty aqyl men nassty (Qúran men sýnnet) qoldana otyryp, damytqan aqidalyq múralary kýpirlik retinde anyqtaldy. Neoharijizm (Ázireti Áliyding halifalyq túsynda býlik shygharghan diniy-sayasy top) retinde tanylyp jýrgen uahabiylik әreketti qalay alsaqta «alghashqy ýsh buynnyn» jolyndaghy sәlaftar retinde tany almaymyz jәne «sәlәftardyn» jolyna eshbir qatysy joq ekenin basyn ashyp aituymyz kerek. Kerisinshe Abduliuahabtyng «sәlaf» maghynasyn úrandatyp, radikaldy jolgha úryndyratyn birden bir jol qylyp jiberdi.

Payghambar menzegen sәlaf ghalymdardyng sharighy ýkimderi men danalyq túlghalary qoghamdy birlikke, tatu tirlikke, zaman talabyna say damugha, nadandyqtan qashugha, adamzatty sýyge shaqyratyn jol edi. Osy joldy ústanghan, tarihy sabaqtastyq jolymen iman izdegen әrbir qazaq úlany Hanafy mәzhaby ayasynda da shynayy «sәlaftardyn» izbasary hәm Payghambardyng ýlgili ýmmeti sanala alady.

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