DINDI BILETINDER GhANA AYTSYN
Din taqyryby qoghamymyzdyng ózekti taqyryptarynyng birine ainalghan býgingi kýni kez-kelgen jerler men otyrystarda top adamnyng basy qosyla qalsa eldi auzyna qaratyp «pәtua» jasamaq bolatyn «dýmsheler» men «bilgishter» kózge týse bastady. Qasiyetti dinimiz turaly olar әrtýrli pikir talastyryp, ózinshe ton piship sóilep jatady. Din jayynda oilanyp sóileudin, bilgishsinip pәtua aitpaq boludyng týkke de qajeti joq. Din turaly pәtua aityp sheshim shygharu diny ghúlamalar men ghalymdardyng isi. Sondyqtan din turasynda anyq bilip túrsaq ghana ýndeuimiz kerek! Shyghys danalarynyng biri aitqandayyn: «Ámirshi әmirshi bolu kerek, әsker әsker bolu kerek, әke әke boluy kerek, bala bala bolu kerek. Sonda el damidy». Jazushy, ghalym Múhtar Maghauin aghamyz da: «Jazushy jazu kerek. Sayasatker sayasatpen ainalyssyn, qoyshylar qoyyn baqsyn» degen eken. Kezinde ataqty kýrishshi Ybyray Jaqaev «Dihan – ketpenine, shopan – tayaghyna, jazushy qalamyna ie bolsyn» degen ýsh – aq auyz sózimen dýiim elge bayandama da jasaghan.
Jetpis jyl orystyng qol astynda bolyp, dininen tolyq bezingen, qúldyq sana-sezimnen (rabskiy psihologiya) әli shygha almay jýrgen qazaqtar ýshin dindi bilu jәne din qabyldau onaygha tiymeude. Kóp adamgha býginde din artyq salmaq bolyp sezilude. Óitkeni kóbi dindi qartayghan son, ólerime tayaghanda, zeynetaqygha shyqqan son, 60 jastan asqan song ústaymyn, sol kezde biraq namaz oqimyn dep jatady. Ol pendening qartayyp óletini nemese qazir óletini ózining qolynda emes Allanyng qalauynda ekendigin týsinse ghoy shirkin. Onday adamdar din jolyn ústap, sharighy senimmen jýrgen adamdardy fanattar dep týsinedi. Tipten «Diny fanatizm» degen termindi qoldanyp sóileushiler de kóp. Ol sózdi aitushylardyng kóbi shendiler men shekpendiler. Men onday әngimelerdi óz qúlaghymmen estigen song jazyp otyrmyn.
Álbette, ghylymy kóp terminderge úqsas «fanatizm» degen sózding tórkini de latynshagha tireledi. Latynsha fanaticus (fanatizm) - qúrbandyq degendi bildiredi. Belgili bir dýniyege shekten tys qyzyghu, bolmasa belgili bir adamgha tabynu sebepti ózin ózi joghaltyp alu degen anyqtama bolsa kerek. Olay bolsa býginde dinin, aqyretin kerek qylmay dýniyege tabynghandardy, ómirimizde keninen kórinis alghan bir adamgha tabynu, jaghympazdanudy qay «fanattar» qataryna qosugha bolady degendi de oilanuymyz kerek.
Jalpy Islamgha әrtýrli termin taghyp qajeti joq. Mәselen, «Radikaldy Islam dini» t.b sózder jaqsylyq emes. Islam - ol bireu, yaghny Haq Islam ghana!
Dәl býgingi tanda dinning qoghamdaghy rólin nemen salystyrugha bolady?!
Qoghamnyng ruhaniy-mәdeny ómiri men qoghamdyq qatynas jýielerinde din men diny tanymnan tys eshnәrse bolmaydy. Óitkeni, qoghamdaghy barlyq jýieler osy diny tanym negizinde qalyptasyp, sol diny tanym shenberinde qyzmet etedi. Búl dinning qoghamdaghy qyzmetining san-salaly. Kenes zamanynda alghan bilimimizde, tipten býgingi kýnge deyingi bizdegi qalyptasqan pikir boyynsha din mәdeniyetting qúramdas bóligine jatady degen tújyrym bar. Alayda, búl tújyrymnyng dúrys emestigin uaqyt san mәrte dәleldep berdi. Din mәdeniyetting qúramdas bóligi bola almaydy. Din mәdeniyetti tughyzushy, mәdeniyetti uaghyzdaushy bolyp tabylady. Óitkeni, din adam balasynyng oiynan shygharylghan nәrse emes. Din adamzat qoghamynan tys ortada payda bolyp, sol jiberilgen adamzat qoghamynyng iygiligi ýshin qyzmet jasaytyn ilimder jýiesi. Adamzat qoghamynda jalpy mәdeniyet pe, salt-dәstýr me, әdet-ghúryp pa, memlekettik jýie me barlyghy diny ilim men diny tanym negizinde qalyptasady. Sóitip din mәdeniyetting qúramdas bóligi emes, kerisinshe, din mәdeniyetting qúramdas bólikterin qalyptastyratyn negizgi qozghaushy kýsh bolady. Sondyqtan mәdeniyet әrkezde dinge tәueldi bolady.
Dinning qoghamdaghy rolining artuy – ol qoghamnyng núrlanuyna, gýldenuine, mәdeniyetining jana satygha kóteriluine әkelse, dinning qoghamdaghy rolinin tómendeui, kerisinshe, qoghamnyng azghyndauyna, toqyraugha úshyrap, ydyrauyna әkeletin qauipti faktor. Árbir halyqtyng әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrinin, jalpy mәdeniyetining qay baghytta damitynyn aiqyndaytyn qúbylys – din, diny tanym.
Egerde kez-kelgen halyq ózining dәstýrli dininen, diny tanym negizderinen ajyraytyn bolsa, onda ol halyq ózining ruhany mәdeny bolmysynan ajyraydy da janadan qabyldaghan basqa bir dinning nemese basqa bir senimnin talabyna qaray jana mәdeniyet pen dәstýr qalyptastyrugha mәjbýr bolady. Onday kezeng bizding qazaq halqynyng tarihynda da bolghanyn úmytqan joqpyz. Biz jetpis jyl boyy «kommunizm elesine» eliktep, Leninge siynyp, kommunistik partiyagha tabynyp kelgenbiz. Sonyng saldarynan últtyq bolmysymyzdan, dilimizden, tilimizden aiyrylyp basqa dil, basqa til, ógey mәdeniyetke kóship kete jazdaghanymyz keshe ghana. Onyng zardaby halyqty diny tanymymen qosa, ruhani, mәdeny bolmysynan tolyq ajyratyp, qazaq halqyn tamyrymen qoparyp, tarih sahnasynan ketire jazdady. Sondyqtan, qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini men diny tanym negizderin, osy negizdermen sabaqtas qalyptasqan dәstýrimen qosa saqtap, qabyldau býgingi eng kýnning ózekti mәselesi. Óitkeni, Elbasy N.Nazarbaev óz Joldauynda aitqanynday «Salt-dәstýr halyqtyng genetikalyq kody». Elbasynyng búl tújyrymyn - qazaq halqynyng bolashaghyna alandaushylyghy dep týsingen dúrys. Búl jerde din halyqtyng mindetti týrde salt-dәstýrimen sabaqtasyp, bite qaynasyp jatady, olay bolmaghan jaghdayda ol din halyqtyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysy men salt-dәstýrine qauip tóndiretin faktorgha ainalady degen qorytyndy shyghady.
Býgingi tandaghy bizding memleketimizding din salasyndaghy ústanyp otyrghan sayasaty el túrghyndarynyng bilimdilik dengeyin (intellektualdyq potensialy), diny sauattylyghyn arttyru jәne últtyq sana-sezimin damytu siyaqty basty baghyttardy qamtidy. Azat elding әrbir azamaty, әsirese, ózining tilin, etnomәdeniyetin, otbasylyq jәne diny qúndylyqtaryn kózding qarashyghynday saqtaugha talpynugha tiyis. Halyq ruhyn sauyqtyrugha jәne ekstremizmning aldyn - alugha eng keregi mine, sol.
Bizding saqtanyp jýrgen aghym-sektalardyn әsire dinshildigining basty kemshiligi ruhany bilimining tayazdyghynan, bylaysha aitqanda, din isin Qúday isinen aiyra bilmey shatasuynan. Olar ata-babamyzdan jalghasyp, últtyq bolmysymyzgha qalyptasqan salt-dәstýrlerdi mansúqtap, Tәuelsiz memleketting zany men qúqyqtyq jýiesine qarsy shyghady. Ghalymdar dengeyindegi diny mәselelerdi qarapayym músylmandar sheshetin mәsele sekildi ýlken daugha da ainaldyrady. Sonymen qatar namaz oqymaghan jaghdayda, meyli, ata-ana bolsyn, aghayyn tuys bolsyn músylman emes dep, qarym-qatynasty ýzude. Bәlkim, tehnikalyq progresting saldary shyghar, biz jalpy adamzattyq sana men parasattyng tolysuy kenjelep, syrtqy dinshildikting algha ozghan zamanynda ómir sýrip jýrmiz be degen de oy keledi...
Tariyhqa jýginsek, dәstýrli dinimiz últymyzdyng ruhaniyatyna kirigip taraluy barysynda jergilikti dәstýrler men islam ózara beyimdelu ýrdisterin bastan keshirdi. Eski әdet-ghúryptar men dәstýrlerding ishinde islamnyng negizgi qaghidalaryna qayshy kelmeytinderi saqtalyp qaldy. Sharighat normalary qazaq handarynyng jarghylaryna endi, ýkim shygharuda qazylar Hanafy mazhabynyng ýlgilerine sýiendi.
Últymyzdyng kóptegen salt-dәstýrleri dinmen úshtasyp kelgeni aityluday-aq aityluda. Halqymyzdyng kýndelikti qoldanysyndaghy diny terminderden talay-talay mysaldar keltiruge bolady. Mәselen, músylmannyng qúlshylyq qylatyn orny - «meshit» atauy arab tilindegi «masjiyd», yaghni, «jalghyz Allagha sәjde etetin oryn» degen sózinen alynghan. Sol siyaqty, bizde dýniyeden ótken adamnyng esimin ataghanda «marqúm» degen sózdi qosyp aitu әdebi qalyptasqan. Kóp adamdar búl sózdi «ólgen adam», «dýniyeden ótken adam», «baqilyq bolghan adam» t.s.s maghynada týsinedi. Al «marqúm» sózi arabtyng «marhum» sózinen alynghan. Yaghny búl sóz «Allanyng rahmetine bólensin!» degen dúgha sózderi bolyp tabylady. Endeshe qanday da bir dýniyeden ótken músylman adamnyng esimin ataghannan keyin «marqúm» dep aitudyng ózi dúgha etkendik bolyp eseptelinedi.
Mineki, búnday sózderdi tize bersek kóptep keltiruge bolady.
Qazaqta «Dýmshe molda din búzar» degen sóz bar. Al din búzylsa el búzylatyny әmbege ayan. Býgingi kózqaraspen atasaq, «dýmshe» sózi zaman talabyn, uaqyt aghymyn eskermeytin, kózdegeni men kóksegeni ózining ayasy tar refleksti sezimderine tәueldi adam jәne sonday adamdardy qalyptastyrugha tyrysatyn qoghamdyq kýshterding pasyq isi. Aqyrynda ekeuining de útary az. Esesine olardyng zardaby әleumetting әleuetin kemitip mesheldikke úryndyrady.
Qoryta aitqanda, din turaly dindi biletin, diny bilim alghan bilimdi adamdar ghana sóilegeni jón. Din turaly oimen ólshep, ózinshe sheshim shygharyp, oidan pәtua jasap, bilgishsinip sóileuding qajeti joq. Alla Taghalanyng sózi bolghan qasiyetti ilim turaly aitu Onyng terenine boylap, tolyq mengergenderding ghana ýlesi bolmaq.
Qazaqstannyng bolashaghy últtyq maqsat-mýddemizge say kelmeytin diny iydeyalarmen ulanbaghan, jan-jaqty tereng bilimdi jastardyng qolynda. Bolashaq jastardiki, olay bolsa, jastarymyzdy bolashaghyna degen seniminen aiyrmayyq. Alla taghala Elimizge tynyshtyq, din Islamgha quat bersin !
Amantay TOYShYBAYÚLY
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