Adamzat qoghamynyng alghashqy kezeninen bastau alyp, ghasyrlar boyy әrtýrli qoghamdarda týrlishe kóriniste jalghasyp kele jatqan dәstýrli qúndylyqtar jýiesi bar. Dәstýrli qúndylyqtar dәstýrli qoghammen ýndestikte – sonyng ayasynda qalyptasady, onyng ishki túraqtylyghyna qyzmet etedi jәne sol qogham arqyly saqtalady. Dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy qalyptastyrugha qoghamnyng birneshe buyny atsalysyp, olardy qoldau jәne qoldanu arqyly túraqtandyrady.

«Qúndylyq» úghymynyng mәnin jinaqtay alghanda qogham ómirinde qalyptasqan jasampaz iydeyalar men etikalyq kategoriyalar, moralidyq-estetikalyq normalar men stereotipter jiyntyghy, manyzdy maqsat-múrattar men olargha jetu joldary, minez-qúlyq mәneri turaly jinaqtalghan týsinikter deuge bolady. Yaghny qúndylyq degenimiz tarihy tәjiriybe negizinde tújyrymdalghan últ nemese adamzat mәdeniyetining mәni bolyp tabylady.

Qúndylyqtar qoghamnyng damu baghdarlary men ómir sýru mәnerin belgileydi. Qúndylyqsyz qogham – baghdarsyz qogham. Qúndylyq – qondyrma emes, ol qoghamnyng ózi ishinen qaynap shyghady, memlekettik biylikke tәuelsiz qalyptasady. Onyng iydeologiyadan aiyrmashylyghy da osynda. Qúndylyq – uaqyt synynan ótken jәne zaman ozghan sayyn týlep otyratyn iydeyalar men ústanymdar. Eshbir órkeniyetti qogham uaqyt synynan ótip, ómirshendigi men jasampazdyghyn dәleldegen dәstýrli qúndylyqtarsyz algha basyp kórgen joq. Óitkeni dәstýrli qúndylyqtar – ishki túraqtylyqtyng túghyry, ruhany qauipsizdikting tiregi jәne eng bastysy – úrpaqtar sabaqtastyghynyng negizi.

Dәstýrli qúndylyqtardyng basym bóligi últyna, dinine, jasyna, jynysyna qaramastan barsha adamzatqa ortaq. Ruhany daghdarys basymdyq ala bastaghan qazirgi әlemdik qauymdastyqta dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy janghyrtu mәselesi tabighy týrde ózekti taqyrypqa ainalyp otyr. Bir ereksheligi, bәlkim, kemshiligi – barsha qogham mýshelerining alandaushylyghyn tughyzuy tiyis búl taqyryp negizinen din qyzmetkerlerining jәne belgili bir dәrejede mәdeniyettanushylardyng zertteu-nasihattau nysany bolumen shektelude.

            Árbir qogham mәdeniyetine tәn ózindik qúndylyqtar kesheni bolady. Dәstýrli qogham ózgeriske úshyraghan jaghdayda da dәstýrli qúndylyqtar óz manyzyn joymaydy. Onyng aiqyn mysaly – býgingi qazaq qoghamy.

Tiyisti anyqtamalargha sәikes dәstýrli qogham degenimiz – sayasi, әleumettik jәne mәdeny damuy dәstýrli qúndylyqtargha, salt-sanagha, ata-baba múralaryna negizdeletindigimen erekshelenetin әleumettik orta. Búl túrghydan alghanda qazirgi qazaq qoghamyn tolyq mәninde dәstýrli qogham dep atau qiyn. Dәstýrli mәdeniyeti, sayasy jýiesi, qúqyqtyq sanasy tiyisti dengeyde qalyptasqan qazaq qoghamy tarihy ýderister saldarynan eleuli ózgeristerge úshyrady. Qazir ol óz damuyn zaman talaby tudyrghan qúndylyqtarmen kóbirek baylanystyruda. Degenmen últtyng dәstýrli qúndylyqtyq jýiesi, sonyng ishinde ruhany qúndylyqtary jana qoghamnyng baghdaryn aiqyndauda negizgi retteushilik roli atqaryp otyr.

Úrpaqtar sabaqtastyghy qúndylyqtar arqyly jalghasady. Últ tarihy ýshin osy sabaqtastyqtyng manyzy zor. Ár buyn ózine deyingi últ tәjiriybesin boyyna sinirip, ary qaray damyta bilmese, tarihyn ekshep-saralau arqyly bolashaghyna baghdar jasamasa – ol qogham keritartpa qoghamgha ainalady. Ótkendi mansúqtap, tarihty ózinen bastaghan buyn memleketti ruhany daghdarysqa úshyratady. Onyng jekelegen kórinisteri de, ókinishke oray, qazirgi Qazaqstan qoghamynda boy kórsetude.

Yaghny qazir elimizde dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy janghyrtugha degen tabighy qúlshynys pen ony qogham ómirinen ysyryp tastaugha degen jasandy talpynys qatar jýrude. Dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy janghyrtugha degen qúlshynystyng alghashqy serpini tәuelsizdik alumen tikeley baylanysty boldy. Ýsh ghasyrlyq otarlyq jәne kenestik sayasat qysymynda últtyq minezinen, sanasynan, qúndylyqtarynan kóz jazyp qala jazdaghan últ tәuelsizdikting alghashqy kezeninde tilin, tarihyn, dәstýrin jәne dinin janghyrtugha qúlshyna úmtyldy. Qazaq tiline memlekettik mәrtebe beru, til tónireginde atqarylghan san salaly júmystar, últtyq mektepter men balabaqshalar ashu, últtyq sayystar úiymdastyru, «Nauryzdy» halyqtyq merekege ainaldyru, tarihy tuyndylardy jaryqqa shygharu, últ ziyalylaryn aqtau ýderisi, meshitter men medreseler júmysyn jandandyru, diny basylymdardy kóbeytu – taghy basqa san jetkisiz is-әreketter men nәtiyjeler últtyng óz bolmysyna oraludy ansaghan tabighy qúlshynysynan tuyndap jatty.

Biraq búl qúlshynystardy naryqtyq qatynastardyng alghashqy auyr kezeni birshama kómeskilendirdi. Osy syndarly sәtti tәuelsizdikpen birge ornyqqan ashyq shekara sayasaty men ashyq aqparat kenistigin paydalanyp synalap ene bastaghan syrtqy kýshter tiyimdi paydalandy. Barlyq aqparattyq jәne zannamalyq mýmkindikterdi qalt jibermey qoldana otyryp, júrtshylyqqa jat iydeologiyalyq baghdarlar men qúndylyqtardy tanudyn, dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy ózgertuding belsendi әreketi bastaldy. Qoghamdyq qúrylymnyng ózgerip, naryqtyq qatynastardyng terendeui saldarynan qúndylyqtyq baghdarlardyng dәstýrli qalyptan auytquy ýderisine qoldan qosylghan últtyq ruhaniyat salasynda teris mazmúndy aqparattardyng basymdyq aluy ýsteldi.

Qogham qajettiliginen tuyndaghan tabighy ýderister men syrtqy yqpaldyng әserinen qalyptasqan jasandy ýderisterding ózara qaqtyghysy qarapayym qogham mýshelerining sanasynda aq pen qarany ajyrata almaytyn sarsang hәl tuyndatty. Múnday jaghdayda iydeologiyalyq salanyng memleket tarapynan tolyq baqylaugha alynuy jәne últ ziyalylary, zertteushi ghalymdar, taldaghyshtar men sarapshylar kýshin biriktire, tiyimdi paydalana otyryp, ortaq iydeologiyalyq maqsatqa jegilui, sol arqyly basymdyq beriletin ruhani-iydeologiyalyq baghdarlardyng aiqyndalyp, qoghamgha belsendi týrde engizilui qajet bolatyn. Búl túrghyda birqatar sharalar atqarylghanymen, býginge deyin memleketting strategiyalyq-sayasy jýiesining qoghamnyng negizgi túghyry sanalatyn dәstýrli qúndylyqtar qúbylysyn jete baghalamauy jәne tolyq paydalana bilmeui angharyluda. Sonyng saldarynan ghylymy qauymdastyq pen memlekettik mekemeler arasyndaghy baylanys shartty qatynastar ayasynda qalyp otyr. Kez kelgen shetin qúbylysqa qatysty memleket – realdy-sayasy túrghydan, al ghylymy qauymdastyq qúndylyqtyq-pragmatikalyq túrghydan payymdap, әreket etude. Memleketting sayasy jýiesin ghylymy qauymdastyqpen biriktiretin ortaq túghyrnama qalyptasqan joq. Tújyrymdamalyq ústanymdardy naqty aiqyndap almaudyng saldary әrtýrli nauqandyq iydeyalardyng jeteginde ketuge sebep bolyp otyr.

Óz sayasatyna myghym órkeniyetti elderde ghylym sayasattyng aldynda jýredi. Ishki-syrtqy sayasattaghy baghdarlar men basymdyqtardy dýniyejýzilik tәjiriybeni sarapqa salyp, «jeti ret ólshep, bir ret kesetin» ghylymy instituttar aiqyndaydy. Bizding elimizding jaghdayynda adam faktorynyng basymdyq aluy, yaghny belgili bir túlghalardyng derbes zertteulerinin, synnan ótpegen saraptamalarynyn, obektivtiligi men subektivtiligi aralas taldamalarynyng negizinde iydeologiyalyq-sayasy kózqarastardyng qalyptasuy jәne qoghamgha keninen úsynyluy oryn aluda. Búl ghylymy orta tarapynan da narazylyq tudyryp, sonyng saldarynan ghylymy pikirlerding birneshe jikke bólinip, ortaq ústanymdardyng ornyqpauyna soqtyruda. 

Aytylghandardyng saldarynan kóptegen shetin qúbylystargha, radikaldy aghymdargha qatysty memleketting kesimdi sózi aitylghan joq. Din salasyndaghy ruhany baghdardyng halyqqa úsynylmauy senimsizdikpen, narazylyqpen qosa adasushylyqty da kýsheytude, basqasha aitqanda tyiym salmaghannyng bәri rúqsat etilgen nәrse retinde qabyldanuda. Teoriya men tәjiriybe sәikestendirilmegen jәne birdey dәrejede әreket etpegen jaghdayda onyng nәtiyjesi әreketsizdikke teng bolyp shyghatynyn eskeru qajet.

Búl orayda da biz tarihy tәjiriybemizden sabaq ala almay otyrmyz. Keshegi qazaq qoghamynda da ruhani-iydeologiyalyq baghdardy aiqyndauda últ ziyalylary men ruhany ústazdary sheshushi roli atqardy. Din, ghylym, ruhaniyat slasyndaghy qajyrly izdenisterining nәtiyjesin sana sýzgisinen ótkizip, toqsan auyz sózding tobyqtay týiini retinde el jýregine jetkizip berip otyrghandar solar edi. Al halyq búl ilimdi «jaman bolady», «úyat bolady», «obal bolady», «sauap bolady» degen qysqa da núsqa tyiymdarynyng ayasyna syighyzyp, úrpaqtan úrpaqqa shashau shygharmay jetkize bildi. Dәstýrli qoghamnyng dәstýrli qúndylyqtary osylay qalyptasqan bolatyn.

            Býgingi ekstremizm men terrorizmge qarsy is-qimylgha kelgende biz kóp jaghdayda qúbylystyng sebebimen de, ózimen de emes, saldarymen kýresudemiz. Búl – kýresting eng nәtiyjesiz joly. Memleket ózining ústanymyn tikeley emes, azamattyq qogham ókilderi arqyly jetkizetini jәne jýzege asyratyny belgili. Búl orayda taghy da ghylymy qauymdastyqtyng aqyl-oy әleueti jetkilikti dengeyde paydalanylmay otyrghanyna nazar audarugha tura keledi. Radikaldy iydeologiyanyng aldyn aludaghy jәne jalpy din salasyn retteudegi negizgi nazardy tújyrymdamalyq-saraptamalyq negizde iydeologiyalyq baghdardy naqtylaugha shoghyrlandyru – kezek kýttirmeytin mәsele.

            Taghy bir synnan ótpesten tәjiriybege ene bastaghan senimsiz qadam – dinge degen memlekettik kózqarasty ghylymy túrghyda bekituding ornyna nazardyng zayyrlylyqty kýsheyuge audaryluynda bolyp otyr. Búl ekeui (dinge kózqarasty ghylymy túrghyda bekitu men zayyrlylyqtyng kýsheytilui) birining ornyna biri jýrgende nemese biri basynqy, ekinshisi baghynynqy bolghanda emes, teng dәrejede әreket etkende ghana jemisin beretinin úmytpau qajet. Qogham qúndylyqtardy ózi súryptaydy. Onyng eki ýderiske birdey súranysy bar. Zayyrlylyqty kýsheytuge baghyttalghan qadamdar dindi әlsiretuge әser etip jatsa, ol naghyz dinsizdik kórinisi retinde qabyldanyp, eleuli narazylyq tudyrady. Zayyrlylyqty kýsheytu dindi әlsiretumen bir bola almaydy. Zayyrlylyqty qansha kýsheytsek de, diny qyzmet belsendi týrde jalghasa beredi. Diny qyzmetpen sanaspaugha bolmaydy, ony jay ghana qadaghalau emes, sapaly jәne nәtiyjeli týrde qadaghalau qajet. Din salasyndaghy qyzmet baghyttaryn kýsheytu – dindi kýsheytu emes, diny qyzmetti sapaly jәne nәtiyjeli týrde qadaghalaudy kýsheytu dep úghynyluy qajet.

Din mәselesi – ruh mәselesi. Din mәselesin diniylendiru de, zayyrlylandyru da emes, ruhanilandyru qajet. Bizde osy mәselege qatysty birjaqty kózqarastar beleng aluda. Din mәselesin ruhanilandyru ornyna zayyrlylandyru keri nәtiyje beredi. Din ólui mýmkin, biraq eshqashan zayyrlylanbaydy. Ár qúbylysqa óz tabighatyna sәikes әdisteme qajet. Dindi ruhanilandyru arqyly mәngilik iydeyalargha, zayyrlylyq iydeyalaryna paydalanugha bolady. Sol arqyly barlyq joghaltqanymyzdy týgendep, myzghymas qúndylyqtar qalyptastyra alamyz. Dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtardyng negizinde de dәl osy – dindi ruhanilandyru ýderisi jatqanyn úmytpauymyz qajet.

Zayyrlylyq qaghidattaryn jete týsindiru dinning ruhany mәdeniyet fenomeni ekenin moyyndaudyng mindettiligin tudyrady. Yaghny «Din memleketten bólingen, eshbir din memlekettik nemese mindetti din retinde belgilenbeydi, barlyq diny birlestikter zang aldynda teng – zayyrlylyq degenimiz osy» degen taptauryn anyqtama jahandanu ýderisine dendep engen qoghamdy qanaghattandyrmaydy. Din mәselesin dindi sezine otyryp qana sheshuge bolady. Din qoghamdyq sana negizderining biri, adam ómirine maghyna men ruhanilyq darytushy kýsh, ruhany mәdeniyet fenomeni, adamzat bolmysynyng ainymas qajettiligi, ajyramas bólshegi, tabighy bolmysy retinde tolyq moyyndalghanda ghana oghan qatysty stereotipter men әdister óz-ózinen ózgeredi, jandy, qoghammen baylanysy bar, ruhtandyrushy jәne ruhanilandyrushy әdistemege ainalady, memlekettik institut pen din instituty arasyndaghy psihologiyalyq kedergi joyylady. Dәl osy psihologiyalyq kedergining radikalizasiyagha tirek bolyp otyrghanyn, sol maqsatqa belsendi týrde paydalanylghanyn este tútu qajet. Radikalizasiyagha tirek bolatyn qúbylystardan arylu – shyn mәnindegi onyng aldyn alu sharasy bolyp tabylady. Búl orayda da dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy tirek etken keshegi qazaq qoghamynda dinning dil (mentaliytet, bolmys, mәdeniyet) retinde tanylghanyn, sondyqtan da memlekettik mýdde men diny mýddening arasynda qayshylyq bolmaghanyn nazarda ústau qajet.

Din men dәstýrli qúndylyqtardyng baylanysy tereng tamyrly. Din degenimiz tek senim jýiesi emes, ol – ómir sýru mәneri, moralidyq normalar, qarym-qatynas әdebi, jaqsy men jamandy, adal men aramdy ajyratushy ruhany qaghidalar jýiesi. Bir sózben aitqanda din – ruhany mәdeniyet fenomeni, ol qoghamdaghy kez kelgen fenomennen anaghúrlym bay, manyzdy jәne yqpaldy.

Islam ilimi boyynsha adam balasynyng býkil is-әreketteri ýsh topqa bólinedi: ibadat, muamalat, ahualu-shahsiya. Ibadat (ghibadat) dindegi býkil ghibadat-qúlshylyqtardy qamtidy, ol tolyghymen senim negizderine qatysty bolady. Al muamalat (mәmile) qarjylyq, sauda-ekonomikalyq, enbek jәne basqa da qoghamdyq qatynastardy, ahualu-shahsiya (jeke bas jaghdaylary) otbasylyq jәne jeke basqa qatysty basqa da azamattyq hal-ahualdardy qamtidy. Islam iliminde búl atalghandar aqida, fiykh jәne ahlaq salalaryna jiktelip qarastyrylady. Sonyng ishinde songhy ekeui – fiykh jәne ahlaq tolyghymen ruhaniy-moralidyq qúndylyqtargha negizdeledi. Demek, din tek senimmen ghana emes, ruhany qúndylyqtarmen de tyghyz baylanysty. Sondyqtan da qazaq «imandy» dep barlyq adamy izgi qasiyetterdi boyyna jinaqtaghan ruhany dengeyi joghary túlghany aitady. Múhammed payghambardyn: «Men kórkem minez-qúlyqtardy kemeldendiru ýshin jiberilgenmin» degen hadiysi de ruhaniy-moraldyq qúndylyqtardyng dindegi erekshe ornyn aighaqtaydy.            

Dәstýrli diny sananyng erekshelikterin zerdelep, tanymay túryp, oghan qatysty tiyimdi yqpal etu tetikterin qalyptastyru mýmkin emes. Zertteushiler diny sanany túrmystyq, tәjiriybelik, kәsiby degen ýsh týrge bólip qarastyrady. Al qazaqy bolmysqa kelsek, túrmystyq jәne tәjiriybelik diny sananyng astasyp jatqanyn, olardyn kәsiby diny sanadan bastau alyp, kýndelikti tirshilikke terendey engenin angharugha bolady. Yaghny qazaq ýshin din – dýniyeden tys túrghan әldebir tylsym kýsh emes, qazaqtyng tal besikten jer besikke deyingi býkil túrmys-tirshiligin, dәstýrin, dýniyetanymyn kóktey ótip jatqan negizgi arqau bolatyn. Búl jerde ózderi qol jetkizgen kәsiby diny sana arqyly islamnyng negizgi qaghidalaryn halyqtyng jýregine jaqyn, sanasyna qonymdy tilmen týsinikti etip jetkize bilgen últtyng aghartushy ústazdary men din ghúlamalarynyng ýlesi zor. Solardyng eren enbegining nәtiyjesinde qazaq halqy islamnyng ruhyn sezinip, janymen qabyldady. Din qaghidalaryn halqymyz әrbir maqal-mәteline, anyz-әngimesine, jyr-dastanyna, ertegisine, sheshendik sózine, danalyq naqylyna, túrmys-salt ólenderine sinirip, kýndelikti túrmysynda basshylyqqa alar ruhany jәne imany qúndylyqtaryna ainaldyrdy. Qazaq halqynyng dini-islamy týsinikteri onyng ruhaniy-moralidyq qaghidalarynda kórinis tapty.

Osy orayda bir nәrseni eskeru qajet. Eger islam qazaq dalasyna qazirgi radikaldy aghym ókilderinin: «Qúran men sýnnetten basqanyng bәrin tәrk etesin, tarihynnan tamyryndy ýzesin, mәdeniyetine balta shabasyn, dәstýrindi dinsizdik dep tanisyn, tarihyng bizden bastalady» degen agressiyashyl ústanymdarymen kelgen bolsa, onday dindi eshbir halyq qabyldamas edi. Islam qazaq jerine ózining shynayy bolmysymen – kendigimen, izgiligimen, mәmilegerligimen, beybitsýigishtigimen jәne eng bastysy – tazalyghymen keldi. Sonysymen de ol últ bolmysyna sindi, onyng qúndylyqtar jýiesin qúraghan ruhany ózekke ainaldy.

Din atyn jamylyp, dәstýrli qúndylyqtargha syna qaghyp jýrgen qazirgi jat aghymdardyng eng qaterlisi – din tazalyghyn ózderimen ghana baylanystyryp, radikaldy shetin kózqarastardy nasihattap jýrgen, qazaqtyng dәstýrin dinine qarsy qoyyp, músylmandyghyn joqqa shygharghysy keletin islam atyn jamylghan aghymdar. Radikaldy aghymdardyng búl baghyttaghy әreketteri myng jyl boyy halyqtyng ózimen bir jasasyp kelgen, túrmysyna, sanasyna, bolmysyna sinip, ruhymen tútasyp ketken dindi qol jetpes kýrdeli dýniyege úqsatyp, qily-qily tәpsirmen týsindirip, halyqtan qasaqana alystatu ýderisinen kórinis tabuda. Islamgha deyingi jetistikterdi joqqa shygharu, halyqty dinsizdikke shaqyryp jýrgen «tәnirshildik» aghymy turaly jalghan daqpyrt taratu, qazaq salt-dәstýrleri men yrym-tyiymdaryn teristeu, qabir ziyaraty әdebin Allagha serik qosu kýnәsimen baylanystyru, kenestik kezendi ruhany túldyr dәuir retinde tanytu – osynyng barlyghy qazaqty islamgha jana kirgen el sekildi kórsetip, ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan dәstýrdi, ghúlamalar jýrgen joldy mansúqtap, qazaq ruhaniyatynyng kýre tamyryn qyrqugha baghyttalghan astyrtyn arandatushy әreketter bolyp tabylady.

Búl әreketterdi jýzege asyrushy salafiylik ókilderi qazir ózderining diny negizdegi alauyzdyq tudyratyn osynday shetin ústanymdaryn jәne sodan tuyndaghan tәkfirshilik-jihadshylyq iydeyalaryn tek tәkfirshilik aghymyna audaryp, tәkfirshilikti bastauy bólek basqa aghym retinde tanytugha, al ózderin aqida mәselesimen ghana shekteletin beybit te baysaldy aghym etip kórsetuge әreket etude. Yaghny barlyq shetin kózqarastar men ekstremistik iydeyalardy tәkfirshilikke audaru arqyly ózderin aqtap aludyng jana әdistemesin jýzege asyruda. Biraq jogharyda sanamalanghan shetin ústanymdardy bylay qoyghanda, qazaq qoghamynyng myng jyl boyy ornyqqan aqidasyna (senim negizderine) auyz salghysy keletin salafiylik dәstýrli qoghamgha iritki salatyn alauyzshyl aghym bolyp tabylady. Múnday aghym eshqashan beybit te, baysaldy da bola almaydy.

Al tәkfirshilikke tyiym salu talpynysy sayasy oiyndargha aldanugha soqtyrady. Múnday tyiymnyng radikaldy aghymdardy bólshektep bolsa da ensere beruge yqpal etui mýmkin, biraq ol bolashaqta basqa shetin kózqarastaghy aghymdargha, negizinen salafiylikke tyiym salugha mýmkindik qaldyrmaydy. Sebebi barlyq aiyptar men iritki salushy kózqarastar tәkfirshilikke audarylghannan keyin salafiylikke syn aitugha negiz qalmaydy. Tәkfirshilik – salafiylikting bel balasy. Balasyn sottap, ony solay tәrbiyelegen әkesining emin-erkin basqa da lankesterdi tәrbiyeley beruine jol beru, «qalypty» salafiyler bar dep bilu – ishki túraqtylyqqa núqsan keltiru maqsatynda jasalghan arnayy jobanyng astyrtyn iydeologiyasyna ilanu bolyp tabylady. Tәkfirshilikti salafiylikten bólip alyp, jeke-dara ýkim shygharugha bolmaydy. Salafiylik jәne onymen tamyrlas tәkfirshilik, madhalittik, sururiylik, t.b. radikaldy aghymdar bir ólshemmen qaraluy qajet.

Salafiylikting jana bir әdistemelik kózqarasy – kýni býginge deyin ózderi moyyndamay kelgen qazaq halqynyng ejelden músylman ekenin tanu (moyyndau), sonyng negizinde islamnan tys ómir sýruding mýmkin emestigine sendire otyryp, islamdyq memleket formasyn nasihattau. Sonymen bir mezgilde islamnyng jergilikti ómir sýru formasyn nadandyq retinde tanytatyn iydeyalardy astyrtyn sinire otyryp, din tazasyn salafiyler әkelgendigine degen senimdi ornyqtyru jalghastyryluda. Búl orayda olar «músylman qazaq, hristian qazaq bolyp qatar ómir sýru mýmkin bolmaydy, búl mindetti týrde ishki soghysqa, apatqa alyp keledi» degen iydeyany siniruge tyrysady. Múnday qúbylystyng saldaryn ong baghalau rasynda da mýmkin bolyp tabylmaydy, biraq búl iydeyany olar qazaqtyng músylmandyghyn saqtau mýddesine emes, kópdindilik apatymen ýrkitu arqyly islamdyq memleket formasyn iydealdandyrugha paydalanuda.

Din atyn jamylghan radikaldy aghymdardyng belsendi әreketi saldarynan dәstýrli qazaq qoghamyn qalyptastyrghan ruhany qúndylyqtar kýireuge úshyrap, ishki túraqtylyqqa qauip tónude. Ýzdiksiz jәne astyrtyn, eng bastysy el sanasyn onay jaulaytyn әdispen – din atyn jamylyp jýrgizilgendikten múnday әreketter túrghyn halyqty ai-kýnning amanynda imanynan janyldyratyn asa qauipti әreketter bolyp sanalady. Osy tiptegi aghymdar әdette diny birlestik retinde tirkelmey iydeologiya retinde әreket etetindikten olargha qarsy kýresting jalghyz joly da tek iydeologiyalyq aghartu sharalary bolyp otyr.

      Radikaldy aghymdar iydeologiyasynyng aldyn alu joldary olardyng óz әdistemesine sәikes qalyptasuy qajet. Kez kelgen jana diny aghym qoghamdaghy qalyptasqan qúndylyqtardy kýiretu arqyly ózin ornyqtyrugha jol ashady. Al búl óz kezeginde dәstýrli qúndylyqtarmen birge ishki túraqtylyqtyng әlsireuine alyp keledi. Ruhany izdenisterding dәstýrli arnagha baghyttaluy jәne últtyq qúndylyqtar ayasynda damuy qoghamnyng ruhany janghyruyna serpin beredi. Al onyng radikaldy iydeologiyagha arbaluy túlgha bolmysynyng qúldyrauynan bastap, ishki túraqtylyq pen memleket tútastyghynyng búzyluyna deyin alyp keletin qauipti saldarlargha soqtyrady. Sondyqtan biz ýshin uaqyt synynan ótip, últty qalyptastyrghan qúndylyqtardy qorghau – elding ishki túraqtylyghy men memleket irgesining býtindigin qorghau bolyp tabylady. «Udy u qaytarady» ústanymy boyynsha, radikaldy aghymdardyng auyz salatyny dәstýrli qúndylyqtar bolghandyqtan, aldyn alu júmystarynyng eng belsendi әri yqpaldysy – dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy janghyrtu bolmaq.

      Búl orayda birinshiden, últ boyyndaghy joghalmaghan ruhany әleuetti paydalana biluding manyzy zor. Islam jayyndaghy ýstirt týsinikterge, jat mәdeniyet yqpalyna kózsiz eruge, radikaldy iydeologiyanyng jeteginde ketuge qarsy túra alatyn birden-bir kýsh – bizding qazaqy músylmandyghymyz. Bizding qogham eng aldymen ózining myng jyldyq músylmandyq tәjiriybesin – halyqtyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptastyrghan ruhany qúndylyqtaryn janghyrtyp, jandandyryp, qogham ómirine keninen engizui qajet. Jan tazalyghyna, ar tazalyghyna negizdelgen, syrtqy kórinistegi emes, jýrektegi imandy qasiyet tútqan últtyq ruhany qúndylyqtarymyzgha oralu, olardy keninen nasihattau arqyly radikaldy iydeologiyagha tosqauyl qoigha bolady.

      Ekinshiden, әrbir últtyng dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtarynyng san ghasyrlyq uaqyt synynan ótip, dәstýrli qoghamdy qalyptastyrghany, onyng ruhany baghdarlaryn aiqyndap, iydeologiyalyq tútastandyru jәne qoghamdyq retteu qyzmetin atqarghany belgili. Jasampaz dәstýrli qúndylyqtardyng aldaghy uaqytta da qazaqstandyq qogham túraqtylyghyna tirek bolyp, onyng ómirshendigine septeseri sózsiz. Dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtardy janghyrtu jalpy júrtshylyqtyn, әsirese jastardyng teris pighyldy aghymdardan berik qorghalghan, psihologiyalyq óndeuge berilmeytin, qorghanys qabileti men qarsy túru immuniyteti myqty bolyp qalyptasuyna yqpal etetin manyzdy iydeologiyalyq qúral bolyp tabylatyny sózsiz. Sonymen qatar búl tek diny salany retteu qajettiligine ghana emes, jalpy qogham ómirine baghdar bolatyn kónermeytin, mәngilik adamgershilik-ónegelik qúndylyqtardy qayta saraptap, júrtshylyqqa úsynu, qoldanysqa engizu qajettiligine de qyzmet etedi.

Ýshinshiden, kez kelgen túlgha dindi jeke-dara senim kýiinde emes, barsha ruhany qúndylyqtarmen, túlghalyq ústanymdarmen, ómir sýru saltymen tútastyqta qabyldaydy. Osy negizde dinning ómir sýru formasy bolyp tabylatyn dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtardy janghyrtudy mektep qabyrghasynan bastap jýzege asyru ruhany dengeyi joghary, zayyrly, ziyatker (intellektual), tolyqqandy túlghalardyng qalyptasuyna mýmkindik beredi. Múnday auditoriya el halqynyng basym kópshiligin qúraytyndyqtan olar qoghamdyq oidyng qozghaushy kýshi sanalady. Olar berik iydeologiyalyq shep retinde qalyptasa kele ózderimen salystyrghanda az sandy bolyp tabylatyn teris pighyldy, radikaldy iydeologiyany ústanushylardy sinirip alatyn negizgi basymdyqqa ainala alady.

Tórtinshiden, diny kitaptargha kanondyq mәtin retinde emes, ruhany tәrbie kózderi retinde qarau qajet. Osy túrghydan olardy shygharugha memleketting mýddeli boluy jәne ýles qosuy – ishki sayasat túrghysynan bolsyn, zayyrlylyqqa tәn ruhaniy-moralidyq qaghidattar túrghysynan bolsyn – zandy qúbylys. Túrghyn halyqta túraqty diny sana qalyptasqangha deyingi tayau onjyldyqtarda búl mәseleni mýddeli emes mekemelerding nemese diny birlestikterding qolyna berip qonggha bolmaydy. Últ ruhaniyatyn qalpyna keltirudi memleket qana jýzege asyra alady.

Besinshiden, ruhany tәrbie oshaghy bolyp tabylatyn diny oqu oryndaryn damytudy ruhany tәrbiyeni sapaly negizge kóshiru retinde qarastyrghan jón. Olargha mәn bermeu jәne negizgi baqylaudy mýddeli memlekettik organ nazarynan tys qaldyru – qoldaghy ýlken kýshten airylu jәne sol kýshti mýddeli taraptardyng erkin paydalanuyna, mýddeli emes taraptardyng nemqúraydy halge týsiruine jol ashu bolmaq. Dinge yqylas uaqyt ótken sayyn kýsheye týspek – óitkeni ol adam bolmysynda bar qajettilik әri qasiyet. Osy yqylasty tiyisti arnagha búrudyng pәrmendi tetigi retinde diny oqu oryndaryn paydalanu qajet. Olardyng qyzmetin retteu – memleketting mýddesin bekite týsu degen sóz.

Altynshydan, din mәselesin til mәselesinen bólek qarastyrmau kerek. Til – mәdeniyetting jemisi. Til joghalsa úghymdar joghalady, úghymdarmen birge qúndylyqtar kýireydi, qúndylyqtarmen qosa mәdeniyet joghalady. Tildi tiriltsek, dәstýrli ruhany qúndylyqtardy tiriltemiz. Dәstýrli qúndylyqtar últtyq bolmysty, últtyq minezdi tiriltedi. Qazaq óz minezine oralsa, eshqashan shetin diny kózqarastargha boy aldyrmaydy. Sebebi qazaq – mәmileger (tolerantty) halyq, onyng bolmysynda shetin kózqarasqa beyimdilik joq.

Jetinshiden, qazaqtyng mәmilegerligi – sharasyz kónbistik emes, parasatty mәmilegerlik; ghasyrlar tәjiriybesi negizinde qalyptasqan ómir sýru óneri, әdebi, mәdeniyeti. Mәmilegerlik kelisimge qaray bir qadam artyq jasaudan tanylady. Biraq mәmilegerlik – momyndyq ta, tózimdilik te emes. Ol – kendik (dýniyetanymnyn, oi-óristin, payymdau qabiletining kendigi), kelisimpazdyq, beybitsýigishtik, darhandyq, jan jomarttyghy sekildi abzal qasiyetterding jiyntyghy. Onyng shegi «Ashylyp kelgenge alaqan, júmylyp kelgenge júdyryq» qaghidatymen belgilengen. Bizding toleranttylyq turaly iydeyamyz – tyng iydeya emes, últ bolmysyna sinip, tamyrlanghan ómirsheng iydeya. Biraq toleranttylyqty tózimdilikpen shatastyryp, jasampaz iydeyany jattyng mýddesine qyzmet etetin jalghan iydeyagha ainaldyrudan saq boluymyz qajet.

Qazirgi qoghamdaghy әleumettik-sayasy qatynastardy retteushi jәne ishki sayasy ýderisterdi túraqtandyrushy retinde dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy janghyrtudyng manyzy ólsheusiz. Dәstýrli qúndylyqtarynan – ruhany tamyrynan qol ýzbegen qazirgi qazaq qoghamynyng ishki әleueti – bizding radikaldy aghymdarmen kýrestegi negizgi kýshimiz әri ýmitimiz.

A.Ábdirәsilqyzy, QR Din isteri agenttigi tóraghasynyng kenesshisi, filol. gh. k.

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