Qazaqtyng islam dinimen qauyshqanyna on eki ghasyrdan asa uaqyt boldy. Osy uaqyt aralyghynda últtyq sana-sezim, salt-dәstýri jәne mәdeniyeti diny qúndylyqtar men bite qaynasyp, sonyng negizinde damyghan. Din men dәstýrding ýndesui arqyly dәstýr bayy týsse, din keng qanat jayyp, últ dinning qasiyetin sezinip, qúndylyq retinde qabyldaydy. Din de, dәstýrde adam balasyn izgilikke, adamgershilikke, ruhany qúndylyqqa tәrbiyeleytin negizgi qúral.

Osy orayda aita ketu kerek, elimizde ótken әlemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder liyderlerining II sezinde Elbasy «Mynjyldyqtar boyyna din adamdar dýniyesin tynyshtandyru kózi, halyqtar men memleketter arasynda ózara tartylu faktory retinde qyzmet etip keldi. Býgingi kýni dinning osynday kýshimen salystyrugha keletin nәrse bar ma eken» – dep dinning qoghamdaghy manyzyn aitqan edi.

Biraq, býgingi jahandanu zamanyndaghy ózgeristermen tolassyz aqparattar legi adamnyng oi-sanasyna týrli әser etu arqyly basqa arnagha búryp, dýnieauy tirlikting qamyn basty oryngha qoydyrdy. Sebebi, syrttan kelgen týrli iydeologiyalar men pikirler, tehnologiyanyng kýn sanap damuy, kýndelikti jaghymdy-jaghymsyz shamadan kóp aqparattar, zaman aghymynan qalmau jәne nәpaqa qamy, adam balasyn negizgi qúndylyqtarynan alystatyp bara jatqanday. Býginde qoghamda bolyp jatqan jaghymsyz qúbylystar – ruhany qúndylyqtardyng qúldyrauynan, adamnyng bolmysynan, tabighatynan, dilimen dininen alystauynan bolsa kerek. Úly Jaratushy adam balasyn jaratylghandardyng ishindegi eng kórkemi etip jaratpady ma? Osy kórkemdik ózge jaratylghandardan aqylymen, sanalylyghymen erekshelenedi. Sol sebepti adam balasy әu bastaghy pendelik baghytynan, tabighatynan auytqymauy tiyis.

Islam men qazaq salt-dәstýri arasynda jarasymdy ýndestik bar jәne qazirgi uaqytta onyng manyzy úshan teniz.

Olay bolatyny, ata-babamyzdyng salt-dәstýrleri men әdet-ghúryptary islam qúndylyqtarynan bastau alady. Ásirese, Payghambarymyz Múhammedting (s.gh.s) sýnneti men hadisteri әdet-ghúryp retinde qalyptasyp, halqymyzdyng mәdeniyetinen oryn aldy.

Islam dini de, qazaqy salt-dәstýr de izgi ruhany qúndylyqtardyng qaynar búlaghy. Aramyzda dinitanymy tayaz, ony meshit tóniregindegi nemese kisi ólgende, ya bolmasa týs kórgendegi dýnie dep týsinetinder barshylyq. Dinning adam balasynyng dýniyege kelgennen bastap dýniyeden ótkenge deyingi barlyq ómirin qamtityndyghyn bile bermeydi. Al, dәstýr dese eskining qaldyghy syndy qarap jatatyndyghymyz taghy bar. Shyn mәninde, dәstýr men din adamdy qanaghatshyldyqqa, meyirimdilikke, ýlkenge qúrmet, kishige izet, әdeptilikke, obal-sauapty biluge, amanatqa qiyanat jasamaugha, eshkimge jәbir kórsetpeuge tyrysu, japa shekken jannyng nalasynan, jetim-jesirding aqysyn jeuden qorqugha, aghayyngershilikke, adal men aramdy aiyra biluge tәrbiyeleydi. Demek, islam dini de, qazaqy salt-dәstýri de – jamandyq ataulynyng barlyq týrinen tyiyp, tek beybitshilikke ýndeydi.

Pendening jaqsy qasiyeti –adamdarmen til tabysudan bastap, býkil qoghamdyq jәne әleumettik qarym-qatynasynda bayqalady, sonda músylmanshylyq pen adamgershilik adal da әdil qarym-qatynasqa negizdele qalyptasady.

Islam dinimen qazaqy salt-dәstýrde adam qúqyghyna basa mәn berilgen jәne adam qúqyqtarynyng saqtaluyna barynsha jaghday jasalghan.

Jalpy halqymyz kisi aqysyn jeuden qatty saqtanyp úrpaqqa Qúran men Payghambar sýnnetterinen ýirengenderin jetkizip otyrghan. Kisi aqysyn jeu, jetim-jesirge zәbir kórsetu, dәstýr men dinimizde ýlken kýnәgha sanalyp, aiyptalghan.

Músylman ghúlamalary kisi aqysyn malgha, ar-namysqa, mahramgha (bireuding qúrsaghyndaghy nemese dýniyege kelgen balalargha qatysty aiyptaular) ómirlik, jәne dinge qatysty aqylar dep qarastyrghan.

Músylmannyng bir-birine aqysy sәlem beruden bastap, ýlkenderge qúrmet kórsetu, kishige qamqor bolu, ýsh kýnnen artyq arazdyqta bolmau, músylmandy quantu, músylmanmen jyly shyrayda bolu, qolmen de, tilmen de esh ziyan keltirmeu, músylmannyng aiybyn jasyru, nauqastyng kónilin súrau,eshkimdi kemsitpeu siyaqty izgilikterdi qamtidy.

Eger er adam ana-anasy, otbasy, jaqyndaryna tipti kórshisine diny qúndylyqttardy ýiretpese, ózine jauapkershilik sezinbese, olardyng aqysy moyynynda bolady delingen.

Kisi aqysynyng kóp qyrlary ata-anamen bala-shaghasy, júbayy aldyndaghy aqysy, kórshi aqysy, aghayyndyq jәne qonaqta bolghandar aqysy, júmysshy men júmys berushinin, bastyq pen qolastyndaghylar aqysy, ústaz ben shәkirt aqysy, jarlynyng dәuletti aldyndaghy aqysy, músylman emesterding aqysynan da súralatyn bolghan.

Sonday-aq, qoghamdyq ortadaghy kisi aqysyna da mәn berilgen. Mәselen kópshilik oryndardy jýrip túru aqysy, jol boyy aqysy, jol jýru erejeleri aqysy, shylym shegu, qatty muzyka tyndau, avtorlyq qúqyq, BAQ-da jeke qúqyqty saqtau jәne kópshilik qúqyghyn ayaqasty etpeu aqysy qarastyrylady. Atalyp ótken adam qúqyqtaryn ayaqasty etip, olargha zәbir kórsetkender qiyanatshyldar qataryna jatqyzylghan.

Qazirgi uaqytta kisi aqysyn jeu, Tәnir aqysyn jeumen teng ekenin kóp adamdar jadynan shygharyp alghan sekildi. Aynalamyzda bireuding aqysyn bireu jeytin jaytterge eriksiz kuә bolyp jýrmiz. Búnyng sebebi kisi aqysyn jeuding ýkimin bile bermeuinde shyghar.

Halqymyz «jetim kórseng jebey jýr» dep ananyng ayaly alaqanyn sezbegen, aq sýtin embegen jetimge jәne jesirge esh uaqytta zәbir kórsetpegen. Kerisinshe jetimin jylatpay, jesirin qanghyrtpay el bop, olardy qamqorlyghyna alghan. Jetim-jesirin syrt el týgili basqa rugha da bermey, jat elde qúl qylmay, jesir qalghan әielderdi ata-salty boyynsha әmengerlikpen alyp otyrghan. Ózi týgili ózge últtyng balasynda keng peyilimen bauyryna basqan. Múnyng jarqyn kórinisi qazaqtyng ótken tarihynan mәlim. Dana halqymyz kisi aqysyna qiyanat qylu eki dýniyede de jaqsylyq taptyrmaytynyn jaqsy bilgen.

Músylmandyq qasiyetterdi berik ústanghan halyq – jetim-jesirlerge, múqtajdargha kómek qolyn sozudy ózderine mindet sanaghan. «Jetim» degen úghymnyng ózi qazaqqa jat bolatyn. Degenmen, býgingi qoghamda bauyr eti balasyn kózin jәudiretip tastap ketu, bolmashy dýniyege bola saudalau, tipti óz balasyna qol salghan jaghdaylarda oryn alyp jýr. Jetimder ýii sanynyng artuy ata-baba boyyndaghy asyl qasiyetterden alystap bara jatqandyghymyzdyn, adam balasynyng ruhany qúldyrauynyng kórinisi.

Islam dininde jetimderdi asyrau, olargha qamqorshy bolu airyqsha sauapty amaldar qataryna jatqyzylghan. Qúran ayattaryna, Payghambar hadisterine nazar salar bolsaq, búghan naqty kóz jetkizemiz.

Qasiyetti Qúranda jetimderge qatysty «Shyndyghynda jetimderding aqysyn jegen adamdar janatyn bir ot jegender sekildi. Olar alaulap janghan ottyng ishine kiredi», - degen ayattar bar. Payghambar Múhammed (s.gh.s.) ózi jetimdikting tauqymetin kóp tartqandyqtan, Qúran ayattaryna sýiene, jetimder aqysyna kóp hadister aitqan. «Músylman adamdar túratyn ýilerding eng jaqsysy – jetim baqqan ýi. Ol ýide jetimge qúrmet kórsetiledi. Músylman adamdardyng túratyn ýilerding eng jamany – jetim qinalghan ýi» - degen. Osy jerde jetim baghyp-asyrau sheksiz sauap әri qúlshylyq ekendigi aitylyp otyr.

Qúranda «Áy, adamdar! «Allanyng ózderine halal әri taza etip bergen rizyqtarynan jender!» («Maida» sýresi, 5/88) dese, hadiste «Kim bir qarys topyraqty zorlyqpen tartyp alsa, sol jerding jeti esesi qiyamet kýni moyynyna jýkteledi» delingen.

Ata-babalarymyz kisi aqysyna qatysty jogharyda aitylghan Qúran ayattarymen hadisterdi últtyq bolmysymyzgha say úshtastyra otyryp oiyn bylaysha jetkizgen: «Aytayyn bayaghydan biraz kenes, jaqsy adam jetimning haqyn jemes» – dep qazaq úrpaq tәrbiyesinde osy mәselege asa mәn berip, eshkimning ala jibin attamau kerektigin qúlaghyna sinirip otyrghan.

Osy orayda, aqyn, din qayratkeri Shortanbay Qanayúly búl mәselege qatysty:

Kisi aqysyn almandar,

auyzgha haram salmandar.

Dýnie jiyp ótken joq,

Bizden búryn ótken Payghambar –degen.

Halyq danalyghynda «bay bolsang elge paydang tiysin, batyr bolsang jaugha nayzang tiysin» degen qanatty sózder beker aitylmaghan.

Býginde aramyzda bay-quatty, meyirimdi jandar kóp, sol adamdar jetimder ýiinen bala asyrap, ony baghyp, tәrbie berip, óz balasynan bóle qaramay, qamqorlyq tanyta bilse, Jaratushynyng meyirim shapaghatyna layyq bolary anyq.

Adam aqysyn jeuding týri býgingi qoghamnyng bas auyruyna ainalghan – para jeu mәselesi. Paraqorlyq jaylaghan elding shyrqy búzylyp, әdiletsizdik, imansyzdyq beleng alady. Búl – qoghamnyng derti. Sonyng saldarynan tuma-tuys, dos-jaran, basshy men qyzmetker arasynda shynayylyq joghalyp, senimsizdik, satqyndyq ornap qoghamnyng tynyshtyghy búzyluyna әkeledi. Paraqor, jemqor adamdar, Jaratushydan mýldem alystap ketedi.

Adamdy qanday bolmasyn tilmen nemese qolmen zәbirleu, ghaybattau, jazyqsyz jazghyru, qarjylay qaryz nemese bir zatyn alyp bermeu, renjitu, amanatqa qiyanat jasaghan bolyp sanalady. Sondyqtan tirshilikte bir jol tauyp, sol adamnan osy dýniyede keshirim súrap rizalyghyn alghan dúrys.

Raushan Amantay,

QR MSM Mәdeniyetter men dinderding halyqaralyq ortalyghy

BAQ-qa monitoring bólimininagha sarapshysy.

Abai.kz